Izakhiwo eNdiya yasendulo. Izici izakhiwo eNdiya yasendulo. emathempelini India

India kwelinye lamazwe ambalwa uye walondoloza isiko, hhayi kuphela ngokuya izingubo, izinhlobo ezahlukene zobuciko, kodwa futhi izakhiwo. Amasiko of eNdiya yasendulo agcinwa cishe yonke into. Ukuze ubone lokhu, vele uvakashele noma iliphi idolobha kulelizwe. imigqa ophelele njengo sintanta emoyeni lizwakalise izakhiwo - lokhu akukwazi atholakala kunoma iyiphi enye isiko. Architecture yeNdiya Lasendulo, yebo, obhekene naso sehlukile kuleso kungabonwa emadolobheni. Kodwa, noma kunjalo, ukuthi kwaba ngesisekelo wonke isakhiwo, noma ngabe lilethwa ehhotela elithokomele lesimanje noma ithempeli.

Architecture yeNdiya njengengxenye futhi izinkambiso zakulelo zwe

AmaHindu lasendulo babengene yonke njengoba into unimaginably esikhulu grand. Kuyinto lokhu nomthelela art ngokuvamile kanye izakhiwo ngokukhethekile. Izakhiwo zasendulo of India, naphezu umonakalo ebalulekile, kusimangaze lingakanani kanye ukukhanya. interweaving Indissoluble zezwe zefilosofi ngomculo beyibonakala iqandiswe itshe - ingabe kahle ukuthi kubhekwa ukuba izakhiwo Indian ejwayelekile. Uyavuma ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba sicabange ngaphandle lasendulo India amathempeli esigodlweni izakhiwo, ehlotshiswe izithombe, imidwebo domes okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nemibhoshongo ngegolide.

Izakhiwo eNdiya yasendulo futhi kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ukunyakaza benkolo ngalesi simo. Imifanekiso, esehlanganise eziningi ezindongeni zezakhiwo ezindala, ungakwazi ukutshela okuningi ngombono amaNdiya, kanye bethola izimfihlo zazo zangesikhathi esidlule.

Izici ehlukile bokwakha Indian

Yini ihlukile kwezinye izakhiwo eNdiya yasendulo? Chaza kafushane izici zayo kungaba kula mazwi alandelayo: ijamo, umbala kanye ngokuvumelana ngokuphelele sezakhiwo ne Isikhala ezungezile kanye monumentality. ukunakwa okuningi ikhokhelwa imininingwane abakhi uqedele: umhlobiso odongeni, ophahleni ngisho ophahleni. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, esekhona zifane lace, naphezu lingakanani. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi lapho ebuka amathempeli emzini ibanga noma emoyeni.

Izici izakhiwo eNdiya yasendulo basesivumelwaneni sacral okusho esivela yonke imininingwane ukwakhiwa. amathempeli eliwubukhazikhazi ayakhelwe lona ohlelweni olulodwa, echazwe izincwadi zenkolo. Kodwa ngisho kanjalo, zonke esakhiweni ugcwele ubuntu. Endaweni ethile ngaphandle evele engaphakathi izithombe izindonga esiqoshiwe sase-aqukethe izinkanuko, futhi kwezinye izimo isisusa esiyinhloko kuba uhlobo indaba ngokuphila kwansuku zonke we abalimi, amakhosi noma onkulunkulu.

Yini lakhiwa India?

Izinto zokwakha kuyiphi eNdiya yasendulo sokwakha izakhiwo, ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi ndawo. Ukuze izifunda enyakatho besihambisana nesiminyaminya ukusetshenziswa itshe, isitini, nokhuni, futhi eningizimu - ukhuni adobe amabhlogo. Ngemva kwesikhashana, eyinhloko zokwakha ukuze kwakhiwe yabo nye shushuzela steel namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe. Libuye libe yisici common emathempelini emhumeni, okuyinto sancipha idwala Monolithic. Kuze kube manje, lo yasendulo Indian ethempelini izakhiwo umelwe e izakhiwo zamatshe ezingaphili zaba ukhuni isitini izakhiwo ungazange zigcinwe ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni.

edolobheni elithile laseNdiya Lasendulo

Ukuze ngokugcwele ukuthi yini nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu eNdiya yasendulo, ukuvumela nokuvulwa amanxiwa amadolobha Dholavira, Lothal, futhi Kalibangan Rahilvari. A layout ejwayelekile lezi imiphakathi Indian lasendulo, ehlanganisa izingxenye 3 (lenqaba noma inqaba, ingxenye engezansi bese engenhla komuzi) isasetshenziswa kabanzi ngokwanele, kodwa isikali ukuhluka. Ukuhlaziya indawo yasendulo imizi India, abavubukuli kungenzeka waphinda qiniseka ukuthi kuleli zwe Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka kwakukhona isixha umphakathi ngesisekelo lenye lombhalo ethile. Ngakho, eduze izindlu lenqaba kwakungekaNkulunkulu nabakhulu bahlukaniswa edolobheni ephansi, lapho ahlala artisan nabampofu, a double odongeni zobumba.

Kasibili ihluke kwezinye amadolobha izici possessed Lothal - omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhweba emadolobheni ogwini India. Citadel kwakungasalanga elise enkabeni yedolobha, futhi buqamama esiphezulu kusukela ugu, umngcele phakathi edolobheni yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi owawuse emgceni locondzile mgwaqo ububanzi. Ukuze ugweme izikhukhula emakhaya, emi iseduze kwamanzi, bethuka ukwakha on a yesikhulumi eliphezulu ngodaka.

emathempelini India

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi labo abafuna ukuba simazi nge lo mkhuba izakhiwo eNdiya yasendulo, kubalulekile ukwenza waya emathempelini akhiwe kulelizwe. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso. sitayela sawo nalokucuketfwe isakhiwo akukashintshi ngisho nangemva 8 zeminyaka kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo. Uyini lowo sici zabo? Okokuqala, kuba icebo labo. Kungakhathaliseki indawo yayo kanye nosayizi, zonke emathempelini India siqukethe izakhiwo ezilandelayo:

• Cavern (garbhabriha) - ongaphakeme windowless Igumbi nge ephansi pass olulodwa, okuyinto iyisonto main unkulunkulu ethempelini esifanekisweni;
• Wiman - umbhoshongo oluyingungu noma ifomu shpilevidnoy ezinde phezu engcwele;
• kudlule oluzungeze indawo engcwele - pradakshinapatha lapho izivakashi ethempelini zishukumiseleka ukuba ngokudlula main ithempeli kunesonto;
• mukhamandapa - ephasishi encane exhumanisa engcwele yethempeli, ne ihholo zako ezisemqoka, esetshenziswa njengoba isikhala isitoreji izinto zenkolo futhi yokuzinikela, nemihlatshelo;
• mandapa - igumbi, elise phakathi eyinhloko yokungena ethempelini engcwele, kukhona amalungu esonto ukwenza izinto eziphathelene noNkulunkulu;
• phambi emathempelini akhiwe flagpoles kanye eziqoshiwe Ukukhweza wonkulunkulu ngubani ayakhulekelwa (unkulunkulu Vishnu - Garuda, Shiva - inkunzi Nandini, njll ...);
• egcekeni lethempeli emgqeni efanayo nge esangweni main ingcwele i-altare ukuzidela;
• okusondelene odongeni lwethempeli imibhoshongo, kumila ngokuvamile kukhona ezengeziwe esangweni noma shrine onkulunkulu iziphuphutheki (Lakshmi, Hanuman Subramanya et al.).

Kuze kube namuhla, zonke izimiso ukwakhiwa waphoqelela, futhi linikeza Indian ethempelini elikhuhluziwe efanayo.

Ezikhumbuzo kunazo yesiteleka bokwakha eNdiya

ubunjalo Architectural amathempeli Indian eminyakeni yamuva buthola izigidi abalandeli. Ukuze ngokugcwele ukuncela umoya eNdiya yasendulo, e-ithule giant izakhiwo kuwufanele ngokuvakashela ezinye izindawo eliyingqayizivele. Lezi zihlanganisa isakhiwo amathempeli amathathu Khajuraho, leyehlukile nezinye ngokuchichima eziqoshiwe ezinkulu nezincane kwabesifazane (apsaras futhi sura-Sundari) ukuthi uma ukuthula okwesikhashana, kodwa ngokushesha futhi zakruzhatsya umdanso. Ukuncintisana ethempelini kungaba ngaphandle ukuthi ezimhlophe zemabula Ranakpur, phezulu ngesikhathi 1444 amakholomu.

I amahle kakhulu futhi ngokucebile ukuhlotshiswa zethempeli lasendulo Indian isendaweni ibhange entshonalanga iGanges. Lona kuphela 'ithempeli segolide' e-India, ngoba sekugcineni bakhe baya cishe a ton of okumsulwa ensimbini eyigugu. Kodwa leli thempeli engavamile kakhulu futhi ngokubabazekayo ubhekwa Kailasa ithempeli - ezibaziweyo ethempelini rock of Lord Shiva. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e abakhi bayo ukwakhiwa esetshenziswa bakudala amathuluzi, umhlobiso kanye nomklamo amakholomu kanye eziqoshiwe is abatelekile ubuhlakani bawo, ukunemba nokuthola ukudlala.