Ukudala A. N. Ostrovskogo imi sombuso idrama wethu kazwelonke. Fonvizin, Griboyedov futhi Gogol waqala ukudalwa enkundleni enkulu Russian. Njengoba sekunama-kudlala Ostrovsky sika, ne izimbali ithalente futhi ikhono lakhe idrama, sesinyukele ku-ezinyoni. Akumangalisi ukuthi umhlaziyi Odoyevski wakubona lokho Ostrovsky ezincwadini Russian yayimane nje 3 drama: "Oaf", "Maye kusukela Wit" futhi "Umhloli". Google "isidle" Waqamba wesine, egcizelela ukuthi zinyanga legumbi olahlekile lapho saphansi "isakhiwo" ngokubabazekayo ethiyetha Russian.
Kusukela "isidle" ukuze "Storm"
Yebo, kuba ahlekisayo "abantu baKhe - zibaliwe" (igama lesibili ka "isidle") iqala udumo ububanzi Aleksandra Nikolaevicha Ostrovskogo, wemidlalo, munye lokusungula futhi masterfully kabusha emasikweni engcono esikoleni "yemvelo" - the kwezenhlalo-kwengqondo futhi satirical. Ukuba "Columbus Zamoskvorechye," yasitshela lo jikelele kuze kube manje stratum engaziwa zokuphila Russian - asho abathengisi abaphansi kanye nonxiwankulu kuyinto engasho lutho, kubonakala ungubani yakhe ebonakalisiweyo, kuqine, izinhlamvu elikhanyayo ecacile futhi udangele qiniso elibuhlungu kwezwe bethenga, bethengisa, ubuzenzisi, ukungabi amaza okusezingeni eliphezulu nemibono . Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1849. Futhi umbhali yakhe yokuqala enkulu play ucacisa kuthintwa ngohlobo olukhethekile muntu ngeke ungubani zivela njalo njalo, kusukela uSamsoni Silych Big Tit Titych Bruskova kusukela "Ngo ongaziwa idili Hangover" bese Marfe Ignatevne Kabanovoy futhi Savely Prokopievich Wild "the Storm" - uhlobo engumashiqela ngokuthi ngokunembile kakhulu futhi ngokucacile futhi wehla, sibonga wemidlalo, lapho sikhuluma ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba efanelekayo abantu i- ngokuphelele logic kanye zokuziphatha, izinkambiso nezimiso zokuziphatha bahlalisane womuntu. "Samodurov ukuphila Russian" okuthiwa umhlaziyi Dobrolyubov Wild futhi Kabaniha emelela "umbuso omnyama" e "Ukuduma" Ostrovsky sika.
Ubushiqela njengoba enzeka zenhlalo-typological
Ake sihlole lokhu mkhuba ngaphezulu. Kungani kukhona omashiqela ngobala emphakathini? Okokuqala kusukela ukuqwashisa siqu unamandla agcwele ngokuphelele yayo, yokululama ephelele izithakazelo nemibono yabanye kuka nowabo, umuzwa ndaba zalutho kanye nokuntuleka ukumelana phezu ingxenye izisulu. Ngakho-ke uboniswa futhi "embusweni amnyama" e Ostrovsky "Haze". Wildlife kanye Kabanova - izakhamuzi ezinonileyo idolobha elincane Kalinov, sise osebeni iVolga. Imali ebavumela ukuba nomuzwa ukubaluleka siqu futhi ukubaluleka. Babanike amandla - phezu kwabendlu yayo, phezu eziyinqaba, engaphansi kancane ku laba bantu, nokuningi - phezu umbono zomphakathi emzini. "Umbuso Dark" e "Ukuduma" Ostrovsky sika uyesaba iqiniso lokuthi ubhubhisa noma mangles ukubonakaliswa kancane bekhalaza, iyiphi Amathrendi zenkululeko nokuzibusa. Ubushiqela - ohlangothini flip lobugqila. Ngokulinganayo, ke khohlakala kokubili "amakhosi wokuphila" futhi kulabo abathembele kubo, ushevu umphefumulo wazo kusikhulula ohlotsheni zonke imikhakha yempilo yomphakathi eRussia. Yingakho, nge ncazelo Dobrolyubova "umbuso omnyama" e "Ukuduma" Ostrovsky futhi kuyinto yinye kobushiqela.
ukungqubuzana idrama
Nge ngokujulile ngokoqobo, umbhali wakwazi ukuveza izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu futhi ebalulekile wakhe. Ngo-pre-kabusha 1859 kwaba ngaphansi umbono kusuka uhambo eduze iVolga e 1856-1857. kudala play, kamuva waqaphela omunye imisebenzi yakhe engcono - idrama ethi "Ukuduma". Yini ethakazelisayo: nje ngenyanga emva play wayephezu, Kostroma zenzakalo zenzeka njengoba simo baveze umsebenzi etemibhalo. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Vele kanjani ncamashi ngizizwa futhi ukuqagela Alexander ukungqubuzana nendlela elivunyelwa ibonisa "umbuso omnyama" in the play "Ukuduma".
Ostrovsky akusilo ize njengoba ingxabano eyinhloko wakhetha ukuphikisana eyinhloko ekuphileni Russian - ingxabano ephakathi isimiso ngoludala, into esekelwe ngokwekambiso wezinzalamizi kwakhiwa phakathi neminyaka futhi zisekelwe okungahloliwe igunya, isimilo nokuphila enqabelo ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ngakolunye - ekuqaleni edlubulundayo, zokudala futhi uyaphila , isidingo yomuntu ukuphula engaguqukiyo, ukuze uye phambili e okuthuthuka ngokomoya. Kungenxa yokuthi akayena nje sasendle Kabaniha Ihlanganisa "umbuso omnyama" in the play "Ukuduma". Ostrovsky likwenza kucace ukuthi kancane ustupnichestvo kuye connivance futhi acquiescence idluliselwe ngokuzenzakalela erenki ababehamba womuntu.
Ifilosofi "umbuso omnyama"
Kusukela emigqeni yokuqala play ku ukuqaphela kwethu beqhumuka tincenye letimbili: isikhala sesihle iVolga, vistas emangalisayo, khathizwe ububanzi futhi sultry, umkhathi ezithusayo ewugqinsi ukulindela okubuhlungu abanye uthuthumele futhi bomele sokuvuselela. Abameleli beNdikimba "umbuso omnyama" ku "Storm" play akhuze cataclysms bemvelo, wababona Ngenxa yokuthi wabona ukuthi ulaka lukaNkulunkulu futhi isijeziso esizayo ngenxa yezono - ocacile engokomfanekiso. Lokhu iphindwa sonke isikhathi Marfa, Echoes ne-Wildlife. On isicelo Kuligina inikela ngemali ukuze kwakhiwe induku imibane kanye izakhamuzi ke icala: "Ukuduma de inikezwe njengesijeziso, futhi, ngakho-bani, uJehova ufuna ukuzivikela lesithupha." Lokhu okwashiwo yile ndoda libonisa ngokucacile ifilosofi enamathela abameleli "umbuso omnyama" ku "Storm" play: awukwazi ukumelana ezazikhona amakhulu eminyaka, abakwazi ukuya nentando noma isijeziso esivela ngenhla, sithobekile ukuhlala izimiso zokuhle besikhathi sethu. Ngokuthakazelisayo ngokwabo abakhulu omashiqela ngobala Kalinov abagcini nje kuphela ngokukholelwa ngobuqotho kule oda izinto, kodwa futhi sikubone kwesokudla kuphela.
Prude ezicashe zobuhle
"Umbuso Dark" in the play by A. N. Ostrovskogo "The Storm" kuyinto abaningi emaceleni. Kodwa izinsika endaweni yokuqala zasendle, futhi Kabanov. Marfa, unkosikazi portly abathengisi, inkosikazi yendlu, ngemuva kocingo oluphakeme uyizinyembezi ongabonakali ethela kwenzeka ukuhlazeka kwansuku besithunzi sobuntu kanye nenkululeko yokuzikhethela, ubizwa ngokuthi play ngokucacile - a prude. Mayelana wakhe uthi: "Sekuvamile ukubona yahlukanisa esiza abantulayo, ukuya esontweni, wabhapathizwa ngobuqotho futhi ezifuywayo adle ukudla, ilola njengensimbi ukugqwala." imithetho yangaphandle endala yena uzama ukugcina konke, kuyilapho nawe ungalushayi ikakhulukazi ukunakekela mayelana nokuqukethwe kwawo kwangaphakathi. Kabaniha uyazi ukuthi abasebasha kufanele balalele umdala ufuna ukulalelwa emhlabeni abayizimpumputhe. Kodwa lapho sesihlukana, Catherine uTikhon ngaphambi kokuhamba kwakhe, yena kwenza umnsalo ezinyaweni nomyeni nendodana yakhe - ukuba unkosikazi imiyalo yakhe eqinile ukuba baziphathe. Kukhona futhi "Umama akusho uphikise" futhi "Ungabheki ku guys 'nabanye abaningi' izifiso." Futhi bonke ababekhona kahle isimo farcical, falsity yayo. Kuphela Marfa Revels e umgomo wayo. A indima ebalulekile angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa Katerina futhi wadlalela babusonte ubunjalo indodana yakhe, ezibini umndeni, umphefumulo yomngane kakhulu futhi ophoqelelwe Catherine ukwenza isinyathelo kwesibhamu kusukela ogwini iVolga kwalasha.
Itholakala isikhundla yomthetho
"Umbuso Dark" kule drama A. N. Ostrovskogo "Ukuduma" - kobushiqela phezulu zako. Katerina, uqhathanisa ukuphila emndenini wakubo nomndeni komyeni wakhe, uyalibona i umehluko obalulekile: lapha konke kubonakala "awakhiphe ebugqilini." Futhi kuyiqiniso. Kuphakathi bathobele imithetho ezinonya umdlalo, noma usule powder. Kuligin sisho ngokucacile ukuthi ukuziphatha e "elibi." Ngubani ecebile, uzama ukusenza izigqila abampofu ukwandisa pennies zabo isimo. esifanayo Swagger Wild phezu sincike kuye, uBoris: "Ingabe ayingijabulisi, kanjalo ngiyakunikela ifa!" Kodwa sicela engumashiqela ngobala akunakwenzeka, futhi isiphetho Boris ngeshwa nodadewabo kusengaphambili. Bona izohlala ululazekile futhi sithukwa, engenamandla futhi abangakwazi ukuzilwela. Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuphuma? Ingabe: ukuba aqambe amanga, Dodge, isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. enza Ngakho udade uTikhon - Varvara. Its izimiso zokuziphatha ilula: ukwenza okufunayo, inqobo nje akekho oqaphelile, zonke "ithungwe enithatha imvala-mlomo ngakho" kwaba. Lapho Katerina izinto angeke dissemble, ongenakuqamba amanga, uBarbara imtshela nje: "Angimazi ukuthi, kodwa udinga ukuthi ube - wafunda!"
Curly uBarbara nabanye
Futhi ngokuvamile zimelela izisulu "umbuso omnyama" by A. N. Ostrovskogo idrama "Ukuduma"? Laba abantu ngezimpilo eziphukile, imiphefumulo nezilima, izwe efile zokuziphatha. I uTikhon efanayo ngokwemvelo onomusa emnene. umama ezingomashiqela Kushone kuye nakhululwa ezifundisweni zokucathula ngokunquma kwentando yakhe. Akakwazi simelane nokucindezelwa wakhe, angeke simelane nakho, futhi uthola induduzo isiphuzo. Ukuze ondle umkakhe, uthole uhlangothi, ukuze azivikele Kabanovskiy ngokungenasizathu ngalé kwaso, futhi. Ngenxa yesicelo se-kunina, Kuphendula uKatherine, nakuba uzisole. ukufa umkakhe kuphela kwenza naye ngokukhululekile ugxeka umama, kodwa kuyacaca ukuthi ngokushesha okukhulu fuse kuzodlula futhi konke kuzosala kunjalo.
Into enye uhlamvu wesilisa - Vanya Kudryash. Lokho namazwi akhe ukugibela, uyazilwela yilowo nalowo ngisho "shrill" Wild owenza maholoholo hhayi ephansi. Nokho, lokhu uhlamvu ichithekile sokubulala ithonya "umbuso omnyama". Curly - ikhophi Wild, kodwa ingakamiswa wangena ungamandla, hhayi zamaterevshego. Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, uyoba uyakufanelekela zezimali zenkosi yayo. UBarbara, baba ungumqambimanga futhi abekezelele ukuhlukunyezwa kukamama, ekugcineni ubalekela ekhaya. Amanga babe imvelo yakhe yesibili, ngakho Heroine esivusa uzwela nesihawu. Unamahloni Kuligin akuvamile onesibindi azivikele phambi omashiqela cheeky "umbuso omnyama". Eqinisweni, akekho kodwa uCatherine, futhi, endleleni, isisulu akanayo ubulukhuni eyanele ukuyiyeka le ndlela "umbuso" inselele.
Kungani Catherine?
The hero kuphela umsebenzi, omunye uthola ukuzimisela zokuziphatha ekulahleni impilo namasiko "umbuso omnyama" in the play A. N. Ostrovskogo "Ukuduma" kuyinto Katerina. engokwemvelo wakhe, ngobuqotho, impulsiveness ashisayo, waphefumulela akuvumelekile ukuba sibekezelele ababusi ubudlova, ukwamukela izikhathi wabizela kusukela nenhlonipho domostroevskih. Katherine ufuna uthando, ukuze sijabulele ukuphila, ukuzwa imizwa zemvelo, uzovulelwa emhlabeni. Like inyoni, isifuna phuma phansi, kusukela sokubulala zokuphila futhi lingabuyela phezulu esibhakabhakeni. Nanguya yenkolo, kodwa hhayi Kabanovskiy. nemvelo yakhe eqondile iphula e ezimbili ukushayisana phakathi komsebenzi kumyeni wakhe, uthando Boris nokuqwashisa yokona kwawo phambi kukaNkulunkulu. Futhi konke lokhu ngobuqotho ngokujulile, we ekujuleni kwenhliziyo. Yebo, uKatherine futhi isisulu "umbuso omnyama". Nokho, wakwazi ukuba aphule emaketangeni yakhe. Inyakazisé izisekelo wakudala. Futhi ngakwazi ucacise ekhishwa nezinye - kokufa kwakhe nje kuphela, kodwa lo mbhikisho nhlobo.