"UMbusi" Machiavelli: wokuqukethwe emfushane incwadi njengoba bubhalwe Renaissance

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini eyayingalungile wathi, lokusungula amakhosi nolimi kusukela vicissitudes zokuphila kwakhe nomoya inkathi wesimanje. Isibonelo okuphawuleka "Nkosi EnguMbusi" Makiavelli. Isifinyezo indatshana lidlulisela ngokugcwele lina futhi kuneziphepho, uhambo ocebile kufakazelwa umlando wokuphila udokotela wokuqala spin, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo enkathini ekhaliphile onegazi High Renaissance, ayephila kuso. Iqiniso nje ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe Nikkolo Makiavelli anikezelwe Lorentso Medichi, uphakamisele bani etulweni, kusho okuningi. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi umbusi Florentine uqoqe yena izinto eziningi eziwusizo kusukela lo mbhalo, kufakazelwa yiqiniso ukuthi akalokothi wamthethelela Machiavelli amambuka futhi bamlethela phezu enkantolo yakhe.

INdodana namajaji, Niccolò ekuqaleni ngaba nesikhundla letigcamile kulesimo Florentine republic. Simelele iziphathimandla zalo wafika egcekeni Chezare Bordzhia. Wabalwa i sibalo banengeke, ngisho isikhathi sabo wezimpi ezalandela. Indodana engumlanjwana ka UPapa u-Alexander VI, Cesare wazibonakalisa kwezombangazwe yimpumelelo, qina nokuqothulwa kwezinhlanga okunonya. Ukushiya nenqwaba ezintabeni ngezidumbu, ubelokhu ngempumelelo ukwakha mpo wamandla Duchy wakhe Valentina - hhayi ngaphandle kokusekelwa iVatican. Nokho, ngemva kokufa eshisiwe the Pope bamhlmuka Cesare, dooming aze afe (1507). Machiavelli kwaba enkantolo iNkosana e-1502-1504, ayehamba naye ezikhathini yemikhankaso yezempi futhi ngenhlanhla abhala communiques yakhe Florentine abaqashi. Nokho, ngemva kokufa-ke, Cesare baba sibonelo wombusi, ogxile indatshana Machiavelli sika "iNkosana" (1513).

Isihloko sokuqala sencwadi kuzwakala «Il Principe», okusho "isikhulu". Nokho, kungaba ukuyilulaza ukucabanga ngomsebenzi we-Florentine sazi elula sokuvalelisa izwi umbusi onamandla ubani sobukhosi uzalwe. Le ndoda - yena wensimbi ukudalelwa yakhe. Ngakho uthi isaga isikhathi, futhi "iNkosana" by Machiavelli, sifinyeto onikelwa lapha, kuqinisekisa lokhu Maxim kuphela. Ezahlukweni nantathu wokuqala umbhali Sidingida nokuthi ayini izinhlobo uhulumeni (Republic noma kobushiqela). Iphinde unikeza isibonelo umlando ngezindlela eziningi ukuthatha ubukhosi.

"Angazi Kudingeka sithembele esiheni ukudalelwa - ubhala indodana ummeli - futhi ukufeza zonke ngobuqhawe babo siqu." Ngalokhu izwi lokugcina ( «virtu») Machiavelli uyayiqonda indlela isibindi nokuzimisela bengonyama kanye nobuqili impungushe ngokuqapha futhi meanness. A ingxube izimfanelo kwalezi zilwane ezimbili futhi kufanele abe Machiavelli eNgophezukonke. Isifingqo indatshana lisitshela ukuthi umbusi ukugcina ngamandla, kumelwe ukuba unonya futhi esiwujuqu eyaziphatha ngayo izitha zayo zezombusazwe. Akazange ngempela aligcine izwi lakhe, uma izimo zidinga. Futhi ngokuvamile, kungcono ugqozi izikhonzi zakhe abesabi uthando.

On isahluko 14 sencwadi ethi "iNkosana" by Machiavelli, sifinyeto esingenakubalwa overestimated, igxile ngokuphelele ubuntu njengabawufanelekele umbusi. Umbhali uveza, lokho ababusi banephutha futhi ukudumisa, izingcingo ku osopolitiki ukuba azungeze yena nabeluleki ohlakaniphile noqotho, kunokuba flatterers. Ukuhlaziya isimo sobuntu, efika esiphethweni sokuthi umuntu ovamile edabuka esinamandla kakhulu isikhwama intshontshiwe kuka uyise oshonile, futhi ubiza uthembele ezazizozuzisa umbimbi.

Ezikoleni lanamuhla ubuchwepheshe obusha zezombusazwe ubuholi esemqoka futhi ukhonza njengoba incwadi, yebo, hhayi Machiavelli, "iNkosana". Okuqukethwe umsebenzi wakhe futhi lisho ngokwethembeka futhi ngokukhululekile ukuzikhohlisa ukuba izwe lethu akuzenzisi. Nokho, lokho okushiwo yile ncwadi akuyona yisikhathi. Futhi lisibonisa ukuthi ngokucacile imibuthano yesimanje zezombusazwe.