Umbono nezibonakaliso zemipiramidi yezimali. Umlandu wezobugebengu wemipiramidi yezimali

Inkulumo ethi "mbhoshongo wezimali" luye lwaba owumthombo nenkohliso nobudlova. Nokho, namuhla leli indlela wakha ibhizinisi siyaqhubeka ingasetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke. Osomabhizinisi kuthiwa ukuziqambela izindlela ezintsha, futhi lo mkhuba ngeke zinyamalale. Yiziphi izimpawu imibhoshongo zezimali? Kuyini baqinisile? Cabanga imininingwane.

imibhoshongo indlela

Ibhizinisi Isakhiwo esime iphiramidi kusikisela ukubandakanywa imikhakha ebanzi zimali loniketa ukuzinza kanye nokwenza inzuzo kohlelo. Izinhlelo zomasikhuphulane ulula: bezimali abasha ahlinzeke nenzuzo yokutjala zimali esedlule. The ephakeme ezingeni zokungena, aba maningi amathuba inzuzo. Cishe zero amathuba okuthola imali labo phansi mbhoshongo, futhi, njengoba kusobala, iningi inzuzo eliphakeme kususa okhuthazelayo phezulu, futhi mhlawumbe emhlabeni phezulu. utshalomali Pyramid akuyona njalo isikimu zokukhwabanisa, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi sengozini. Ngisho ube nenkinga encane ohlelweni kungaholela nciphisa yayo. Ngokuvamile nciphisa kwenzeka uma eyodwa noma ezimbalwa emabhange ezinkulu ufuna ukuhoxisa utshalomali.

Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela ezimbalwa ukuze ukuhlolwa ubunjalo pyramidal zezimali ezakhiwe: okokuqala, amabhizinisi esinjalo kungase kudingeke uhlobo oluhlukile lwenhlangano zomthetho, futhi okwesibili, zingabantu uhlelo elikhulayo izikweletu - usakwazi ubambe okuqinile okunjalo, kulapho-ke aqoqana izikweletu; Okwesithathu, mbhoshongo kubhekwe njengento wuhlobo lokukhwabanisa, nakuba zikhona ezinye izimo lapho lezi zakhiwo zadalwa zinezinhloso ezinhle. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kuba yizo izindlela ukuceba ngokushesha, ngakho ziphakamisa imibuzo phakathi abamele umthetho.

Izibonakaliso eyinhloko imibhoshongo zezimali

Ukukhuluma ibhizinisi pyramidal, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kungaba zahlukahlukene kakhulu, futhi ngokushesha aqaphele umkhonyovu kungaba nzima kakhulu. Isici sokuqala ebaluleke kakhulu pyramid izikimu ukungabi dolobha ogunyaziwe. Zonke izinkokhelo idividendi kubangelwa ekhangayo kubatshali bezimali abasha. Lokhu uhlobo ibhizinisi kuyinto ephezulu kubo bonke ababambiqhaza, ngaphandle abagqugquzeli, kodwa kungaba zikhange kakhulu zimali, njengoba abadali lezi zinhlelo njalo ahlinzeke imali fast and high. Lokho isiqinisekiso yilona olubonisa ehamba phambili ngokuthi izifunda zomthetho zezimali kuhlale kunengozi, ngakho-ke, iziqinisekiso ukubanika. Ngokuvamile, izinhlangano ezinjalo Awunawo amalayisense ukuqhuba kwemali. Anikeza ukudayiswa akuzona imikhiqizo ajwayelekile zezimali, futhi ezinye izinto ezisunguliwe siqu: ukwabelana, izivumelwano loan. Ingabe futhi zomasikhuphulane iyona nto kwinkontileka kwenzeka ngokuwa zimali wenkampani uthola lutho futhi ayinaso ilungelo lokwenza isikhalazo. Futhi, zikhona izimpawu imibhoshongo zezimali ezihlobene ne-ukukhuthazwa: baye ekhuthele kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ikhangiswe njalo; isikhathi esiningi futhi umzamo abagqugquzeli ukhokha PR nokwabelana. Ukufihla ukuntuleka yangempela imisebenzi utshalomali noma ukukhiqizwa, abagqugquzeli ukusebenzisa izinkulumo zabo eziningi silulumagama ezikhethekile, zakha inkohliso ngokucophelela kusengaphambili izikimu ubuqiniso. Kunoma umzamo lokumba ukutadisha izici inkampani kukhona izinsolo imfihlo yokuhweba. Abatshalizimali bahlelwe baba uhlobo umphakathi iqhaza abanazo kule scheme ushukumiseleka ukuheha abadlali abasha. Ngenxa yalesi bavame ukunikeza amabhonasi ezengeziwe, avame ngesimo isithakazelo eyengeziwe ibhizinisi - ngesimo ukwabelana isibonelo.

Okunhlobonhlobo imibhoshongo zezimali

Kunezindlela imizamo embalwa ukuze uhlukanise ukwakhiwa mbhoshongo zezimali. Lezi izikimu njalo ngcono futhi olwesimanje, ngakho ukumboza zonke izinhlobo singenakwenzeka ngaphakathi typology efanayo.

Ngokwe-indlela inhlangano ibhizinisi kungaxhunywana ukuhlonza "inetha" mbhoshongo, okungadingi uzibandakanye kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi ngaphandle yokubhalisa kanye fundraising, futhi "ingabonakali" ngumuntu Tinhlobo ibhizinisi: izisekelo, amakilabhu, amanethiwekhi. ungase futhi wabelane lezi zinkampani ngenjongo wamemezela imali ekufuyeni: ezinye sipho Amaholo kanye zihilela abantu izinzuzo othenjisiwe, kuyilapho abanye usebenze ezicashe amaphrojekthi utshalomali, amakilabhu mutual. Abanye bezifihle njenge- inkampani kokwenza ukudayiswa yiziphi izimpahla noma amasevisi (evame kakhulu lezi zibalo emakethe "Forex"). Kukhona mbhoshongo, kokulingisa ibhizinisi kwezenhlalo noma engenzi-nzuzo izisekelo.

Namuhla, ngokuvamile ungase uphawule uthole izinhlangano ukuthi ukuba zikhulume kube umthengi izinhlangano noma izinhlelo okunye mortgage loan izinkampani ezisemthethweni. Namuhla, cishe nsuku zonke kukhona iphiramidi entsha, futhi zizalela yabo amathuba omkhulu-Inthanethi inikeza. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwabelana amaqhinga anjalo design inthanethi kanye okungaxhunyiwe. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba kwahlukaniswe mbhoshongo phezu ngamabomu lokulimaza izakhamuzi: kukhona izinkampani ebihlelwe ekuqaleni wadala zinezinhloso zokukhwabanisa, kodwa kukhona nemisebenzi emikhulu utshalomali, okuyinto wayecabanga ngaso njengoba ibhizinisi langempela, kodwa ngenxa amaphutha kanye yezinqumo yaphenduka iphiramidi. Ngokuvamile phambili yokugcina ukuvela "Bubbles" zezimali - ngokungadingekile ukugeleza okusezingeni eliphezulu tekusisa umsebenzi wokwakha, okwasetshenziswa kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ukulawula nokubhujiswa inkampani.

Isigaba ekhethekile yilona olusemthethweni pyramidal uhlelo kusekelwa isimo, ezifana it is ngakho wahlela izimali zempesheni emazweni amaningi. umhlalaphansi yamanje ukuthola izinzuzo ngezithukuthuku iminikelo ikusasa izakhamuzi ekhubazekile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinkulumo ubuholi mayelana utshalomali ezahlukene izimali zempesheni, kodwa labo ngokuvamile cishe akekho, ngoba umthwalo impesheni ababhekene nazo emazweni asethuthukile siya ngaphezulu: ubude bempilo liyakhula, inani ukusebenza yobudala labantu lehla, ngakho ukutshala izimali zempesheni ize nje, futhi kukhona okukhulu izingozi kokuwa lezifunda idatha.

Ukukhangisa ukukhuthazwa

izimpawu ezibalulekile imibhoshongo zezimali - umsebenzi okhethekile yokukhangisa. Lezi zinkampani badinga ukwanda okusheshayo kakhulu imali, ngakho abantu akudingeki isikhathi ukuqala afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye izinzuzo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokushesha akha semali izimali. Lezi imigomo sokukhangisa omkhulu imibhoshongo zezimali, okuyinto has imininingwane yayo siqu. Leyo mikhankaso acela imizwelo yomuntu loyo; bezama ukusikhohlisa ingxenye yakhe okunengqondo, akhuthaze ukwenza isenzo engacabangile. Ukukhangisa nokuxhumana ngokuvamile yakhelwe umuntu othile, izinkanyezi ngokuvamile bakhangwa nobuntu ogunyaziwe. Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthola abaholi real mbhoshongo. Konke okuthunyelwe zakhelwe isisusa umthengi engapheli: utshela mayelana indlela ngingenzi lutho, ungathola yisicebi ngokushesha, futhi ukunikeza incazelo ezingacacile. Ngenjongo yokukhangisa - nokuqhuba ukwenzela i ngokushesha, kanjani ekwenzeni izinto ezingenangqondo, futhi usebenza like ukukhubaza kucabanga ngalokujulile indlela. Ngenxa obsessions, imiboniso nolaka eduze impumelelo futhi engeyona inkimbinkimbi kwendaba nokuthi abaningi kakade baphumelele, futhi awukwazi ukuphatha, ukudala i funa ngokweqile.

ukunakwa okuningi ikhokhelwa nezinhlangano ezifana, PR-izenzo: zazinjalo isethulo esihle, umxhwele labezindaba. Nokuxhumana zivame eyakhelwe brand uhlamvu oluthile, esiklanyelwe ezinokwethenjelwa.

nakho emhlabeni

mbhoshongo Zethu 90 Yiqiniso, kwakungelona mshini omusha. Umnotho wezwe yayisikhokhiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe onyakaziswa wokugoqa izinkampani ephezulu lephrofayela kanye kungonakalisa izakhamuzi. Eyokuqala emlandweni umsunguli mbhoshongo zezimali ubhekwa Charlz Pontsi, namuhla ke kuyinto undabuzekwayo futhi uphawu amaqhinga anjalo. Yena ngo-1919 Wakhuphuka nge-scheme exchange of international exchange amakhuphoni, okuyinto obekumele ukuletha inzuzo enkulu. Wakwazi ukuthola ezinye abatshalizimali Ponzi wathembisa 45% inzuzo nje 3 months. Wayengahlezi sizofeza yimuphi amakhuphoni Ukuhwebelana, ikakhulukazi njengoba iningi labantu abakwazi ezoshintshwaniswa nemali, kodwa kuphela isitembu sokuposa. Kodwa uhlelo ukusebenza, abatshalizimali nje ungakhathazeki ukuqonda okushiwo isiphakamiso futhi waqala ukwenza imali. Ponzi waqala ukwenza izinkokhelo emabhange wokuqala - futhi sathuthukisa hype, imali zitheleka. It wehliswa mbhoshongo kushicilelwe ephephandabeni, lapho intatheli wathola ukuthi amakhuphoni ukuthengwa kwezincwadi ku imali etshaliwe, kufanele kube izikhathi eziningana okungaphezu kwamandla ngokwenyama. Abatshalizimali bagijimela imali, inkampani imise imisebenzi. Ponzi ekulandiseni imali litholwe, okuye ngokweqashiso, phakathi izisulu. Bakwazi alulame u-40% izimali zabo, futhi akubanga okubi kakhulu Isehlakalo endabeni.

Ngemva kwalokho, izwe ezezimali ababengalazi eziningi mbhoshongo izikimu. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo baba isikimu Lu Perlmana, Stanford International Bank, inkampani L & G futhi Yingkou Donghua Ukuhweba, ant farm V Phan nabanye abaningi.

Omunye imibhoshongo ngobukhulu, wadala abantu abevile ekhulwini leminyaka B. Madoff e-United States. inkampani yakhe sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi amaprojekthi ngempumelelo utshalomali, waletha imali lapha abantu owaziwa kakhulu futhi eziningi amabhange ezinkulu zomhlaba. Iminyaka engu-20, Madoff wakwazi ukulingana, enikeza isithakazelo ngenxa utshalomali njalo. Konke iphele ngokungalindelekile ngemuva amadodana wezimali kutjelwa okushiwo inkampani bakayise. Ngo nengxoxo ngasese, ebatshela nansi imfihlo yokuphumelela zabo, babika ukuba amaphoyisa. Madoff bekulokhu ngemibuzo isikhathi eside, futhi umuntu oneminyaka engu-71, wagwetshwa ukuba agqunywe for esiyiminyaka 150.

umlando Russian kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe

Ngukhokho ezakhiwe pyramidal eRussia baba Mavrodi Sergey Panteleevich. ERussia tsarist babe ezincane mbhoshongo izikimu ngesimo imali ukusekelana kanye namaphrojekthi wasenganekwaneni utshalomali, Nokho span esikhulu abaye bafinyelela ngayo. ESoviet Union kwakungekho kungenzeka kweBraam-, nokunye imikhonyovu enjalo kungaba kungabaza. imibhoshongo lwezezimali eRussia iqhakazile ngesikhathi ukulungiswa. Abantu emimoya ukomela nomholo, futhi ukugeleza umkhonyovu akazange behluleka ukusizakala ke.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke futhi ngobukhulu imibhoshongo, ngaphandle MMM baba "Hopper-Invest", "Vlastiliny", "Chara-Bank", "Russian House Selenga" ebhange yenkampani, "Tibet". imisebenzi yabo baye bahlupheka amashumi ezigidi izakhamuzi. Baphuthunyiswe izigidigidi ruble, okuyinto awabuyelanga nganoma iyiphi ivolumu. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwabangane 90s ne nciphisa elikhulu nje kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe, isivivinyo nokuthola lesimbi emhlabeni wonke isikhathi esithile encishisiwe ukukhula amaqhinga anjalo. Kodwa kusukela 2010s iqala isigaba esisha emlandweni nje kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe, okuyinto yanda sibonga Inthanethi kanye nokuhlakanipha osomabhizinisi.

NN

Ngo-1992, Mavrodi Sergey Panteleevich nomfowabo nomkakhe wadala inkampani. NN, okuyinto bathengisa ukwabelana ayo kanye amathikithi, yibhange imali kuze kufinyelele 200% ngenyanga. Inkampani sizomisa intengo ukwabelana nganoma iyiphi kutungeletela, azizange zivunyelwe ukuba zihlangane. Masheya musa uthole izandla zakho phezu noma yimaphi amadokhumenti ezezimali eqinisekisa ukuthenga. Umninimasheya bangathengisa stock futhi inzuzo. Ingqikithi oyinhloko imibhoshongo zezimali - kuyinto ukuheha abatshalizimali, futhi MMM balisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo leli washi. Labantu ngaleso sikhathi kwaba ngokwezimali inhlekelele abanye abakwazi ukufunda futhi ngokuzethemba kakhulu, futhi kulo futhi idlalwe Mavrodi. kweminyaka emibili inkampani wanda futhi yaceba, abanye abatshalizimali babe nesikhathi imali engenayo futhi kanjalo nomthelela ukuthandwa inkampani. MMM ezahlukene indlela yokudala ekukhangiseni: mini-uchungechunge mayelana Lenya Golubkov nomkhaya wakhe waba wangempela esekele ifilimu abantu abavamile, futhi le nkulumo ethi "Ngingumfana - akukho freeloader, mina - umlingani" waya kubantu. Ngo-1994 kwabonakala sengathi MMM uthi ngenxa yokungakhokhi kwezintela, kodwa Mavrodi uziphikile lezi zinsolo. Konke lokhu kwasusa netwetwe emabhange, iqala ukwelashwa kumhambela bamasheya imali. Ngo-1997, MMM umenyezelwe yimali, kanti uMdali mbhoshongo wamangalelwa lokukhwabanisa. Konke imisebenzi MMM zathinta abantu abacishe babe izigidi ezingu-15, kodwa ngokusemthethweni ayizinkulungwane 10 kuphela zaqashelwa njengoba izisulu. Umonakalo balinganiselwa ku ruble no 3 billion.

nezici ezintsha

Ukufika kwe-Internet kuye kwaholela round entsha yentuthuko uhlobo pyramidal zebhizinisi. Isizathu ukuthi mbhoshongo kuyi-Internet kuye uthandwa kangaka yikhono Abadali ukugcina kwabo, beqinisekisa ukungamethembi uRamaphosa. Ngo kuwebhu kukhona amathuluzi amaningi zokudlulisela imali, okuyinto kabi waqashwa nabalawuli. Lezi futhi ujabulele nabakhwabanisi. Inguqulo evamile amaqhinga wezimali ka-inthanethi - HYIP. Lezi izinhlelo zokutshala izimali kuthiwa isengozini enkulu kakhulu manje ukunikela ku-intanethi ukutshala ezinhlelweni ezithile ngezimali. Kodwa eqinisweni uphendulela inzuzo edonsa wonke abadlali abasha. Abahlela imibhoshongo phezu isimangalo internet ukuthi ingozi emaqhingeni abo kungekho, ngoba isibalo abangaba ababambiqhaza namanje enkulu kakhulu. Kodwa lokhu agumenti akusebenzi, njengoba noma iyiphi infopovod angase avuse uvalo wokugoqa mbhoshongo. Futhi e inethiwekhi zingatholakala futhi onobuhle bendabuko nje kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe, bebizwa ebhentshini (kusuka izwi ukukopela). Lokhu mbhoshongo utshalomali eyenzelwe abantu kalula abangezanga uhlole futhi udlulisele imali. Kukhona amamodeli ukuthi ibonakale sengathi imidlalo, okunikeza ukudayisa ezinye izimfanelo umdlalo. Nabakhwabanisi nsuku zonke ukusebenzisa wonke amaphrojekthi entsha e inethiwekhi futhi cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi abajeziswa.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke mbhoshongo izikimu ku-inthanethi

Imibhoshongo edume kunazo Inthanethi namuhla umdlalo "wallets Seven», NewPro futhi MoneyTrain, virtual exchange «Stock Generation» eyayihlelwe elidumile S. Mavrodi, ohlelweni lokukhokha Perfect Imali kanye Liberty Reserve, iphiramidi utshalomali WholeWorld nabanye abaningi.

ibhizinisi Network nemibhoshongo

Izakhamuzi Uthukile namuhla ungafuni nje imali endaweni ethile, ngakho mbhoshongo bakha uzungu ngaphansi ibhizinisi inethiwekhi, okuyinto nakuba futhi beqonda kahle kakhulu, kodwa noma kunjalo baba baningana abantu abazimisele izimali zakhe kuko. kukhona izinto eziningi ezifanayo, kodwa kunomehluko phakathi imibhoshongo namanethiwekhi. Ukuhlukanisa isikimu zokukhwabanisa kusukela ibhizinisi real, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini umehluko phakathi kwabo. MLM ibhizinisi njalo ukuthengisa umkhiqizo langempela. Kungaba quality obuhlukahlukene, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi uthola umthengi. Akudingi inkulu kakhulu imali yokungena. Inganikeza ukuthenga ukukhiqizwa starter pack - ke intengo kufanele babe abacabangelayo futhi ngokuvamile ehlisiwe Wabasaqalayo. Igridi Inkampani has a ikheli real, akunankinga okubonisa imibhalo ephambili, ngokuvamile akufihli nezikhulu zakhe phezulu. Income e MLM ibhizinisi incike imizamo kanye umsebenzi nomthengisi in yokuthengisa, hhayi kuphela kwi sabantu abathintekako.

imithetho ngokuqapha

Hhayi ukuze uthole ku hook nabakhwabanisi, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula izinyathelo zokuphepha elula. Akufanele ukunqotshwa isithembiso imali yibhange ezweni lanamuhla zezimali ngeke ube khona iziqinisekiso. udinga ukulinganisa inani "phezulu" amacala uma kokujoyina Uhlelo lobulungu. Izinkampani ukuhweba ingeqi 5% uma isithembiso esifanayo neqhaza 10% noma ngaphezulu, kufanele waziswe. Nomaphi senihluphekile imali, kudingeka ngokucophelela hlola imibhalo constitutive, ikheli kanye uxhumane inkampani. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi Izibuyekezo ku-intanethi angakuthola lwentiwe futhi ilawulwa abanikazi mbhoshongo, ngakho musa ukubethemba zifa.

umthwalo

Uma umuntu ebuza umbuzo: kanjani ukwakha kumasikhuphulane? Khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi batusa okulandelayo: Uyacabanga ngesimemo zibhekane nemiphumela yezenzo zazo, bese kuphela ukuqhubeka esenzweni.

Kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni nge ntshashintshe okuphumelela yokulwisana nokukhwabanisa zezimali. ERussia, inikeza i necala lobugebengu ukuze mbhoshongo zezimali. Izichibiyelo umthetho ize endleleni, futhi kuphela ngo-2016 base ekugcineni lisayindwe nguMengameli we Russian Federation. Isijeziso esiyinhloko abadali lolu hlobo ibhizinisi - akunankinga. Lapho edonsa ruble ezingaphezu kuka-1.5 million, isijeziso kuyoba 1 million. Uma mbhoshongo inkulu-6 million, kanye nokuvulwa kuyoba ngaphezulu - 1.5 sesigidi sama-ruble, kanye umsebenzi ophoqelelwe, ngisho ejele. Nobunzima ngokuletha nabakhwabanisi ebulungisweni itholakala lokuthi ukuthi umthetho imibhoshongo zezimali ubiza, kuphela okulandelayo 5 izinhlobo imibhoshongo:

1. Bonke labo abangazange ukufihla essence wakhe (akunjengoba kwaba njalo MMM).

2. izinkampani emelela alternative esizwakalayo udayise nomthengi kwemali.

3. Amankampani ukuthi wakuceba ngoba pawn izitolo, microfinance ababolekisi.

4. Izinkampani ukuthi ezicashe umshwalense, refinancing, izikweletu komnikazi ukuba ababoleka ezihlukahlukene iminikelo emikhulu engenayo.

5. Izinhlangano okuyinto ukuba zikhulume kube abadlali emakethe yezimali, ikakhulukazi Forex lwemali emakethe abahlanganyeli. Futhi kulolu hlu akusho ucede ezihlukahlukene izinkampani ezisebenza isimiso amaphiramidi.