Ukwakhiwa kwesimbi - inqubo yezobuchwepheshe nencazelo yayo. Ukwakhiwa kwessimbi ekhaya

Ngokwalo, i-carburizing yensimbi yinkqubo esekelwe ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali. Ingqikithi yayo iqukethe ukugcwala kwe-saturation ebusweni balobu buci ngenani elanele lekhabhoni lapho livutha endaweni ethile.

Ukwakhiwa kwesimbi. Inhloso yalesi senzo

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wale nqubo ukucebisa uhlaka olungenhla lwezingxenye zomshini nezakhi ngenani elidingekayo lekhabhoni, iphesenti yalo kulokhu lingaba yi-0.8-1.1%. Ngenxa yokusebenza okunjalo, ngemva kokuqina, izinga eliphezulu lokuqina kogugu litholakalayo, ngenkathi ingqalasizinda yayo yepulasitiki igcinwa. Lezi zinto ezibalulekile zalolu hlelo.

Izinhlobo

Ngokwesilinganiso samandla okubunjwa okuyisisekelo, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa amaqembu amathathu asemqoka okwenziwa:

• Ngomqondo ongeyena onzima. Leli qembu lihlanganisa amamaki anjalo amakhemikhali e- carbon as 10, 15, 20. Asetshenziswa emininingwaneni ngobukhulu obuncane nemisebenzi ephansi. Kulesi simo, ngaphansi koqweqwe lokucima, ngesikhathi sokuqina, i-austenite iguqulwa ibe ingxube ye-ferrite-pearlite.
• Ngomqondo oqinile unzima buthakathaka. Leli qembu lihlanganisa ama-chrome aphansi-alloy ama- brand anjalo njenge-15X, 20X. Lapha, ukuthungwa okwengeziwe ngokwesizinda se-vanadium ezincane kuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kokusanhlamvu okuphelile, okuholela ekwenzeni ngcono kwe-ductility kanye ne-viscosity yale ndaba.
• Ngomqondo oqinile kanzima. Ama-steels aleli qembu asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izingxenye ezinesigaba esikhulu esiphambanweni noma ukucushwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ziphinde zathonywe imithwalo yemithwalo yemiphumela emikhulu noma ihambisana nokucindezeleka okukhulu. Bethula i-nickel (12Х2Н4А, 12ХНЗА, 20ХН). Ngenxa yokwehluleka kwalokhu okubonakalayo, ngezinye izikhathi kufakwa indawo ye-manganese, futhi inani elincane le-vanadium noma le-titanium liqaliswa ukuchofoza okusanhlamvu.

Ngokuvamile, i-carburizing yensimbi isetshenziselwa ukwakha amaphesenti aphezulu obunzima bokusebenza kobuciko bokusebenza, kanye nokufeza ukuphika okukhulu kokugqoka, okudalwe ukusetshenziswa kokushisa kokushisa ngemva kwalolu hlelo.

Iyini imininingwane yalokhu kusebenza?

Insimbi ye-cementation isetshenziselwa imikhiqizo elandelayo:

- ama- cogwheels ;

- "iminwe";

- shafts;

- izinkomba;

- sebenzisa;

- "izibungu";

- Izingxenye zokugqoka (izindandatho ezinkulu nama rollers), njll.

Izindlela ze-carburizing

Uma kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinto ezicacisiwe, khona-ke yilowo nalowo kuzo indlela yakhe eyayiyosetshenziswa ngayo. Njengomthetho, insimbi ehlanganisiwe ingakhiqizwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene kanye nemvelo, futhi futhi ekushiseni okuyimpoqo ka-850 kuya ku-950 degrees Celsius. Ngakho-ke, izindlela eziningi zalesi senzo zihlukaniswe:

1. Inqubo yokuqhaqhaqhazelayo eyenzeka emotweni oqinile. Kulokhu, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo (amathambo esilwane, izinkuni, njll) kanye nemvelo engavamile (i-coke) inhlanganisela ne-activators ehlukahlukene. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Carbon kuzokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwamakhemikhali okwenziwe nge-oxydation. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-activators kulokhu kubangela ukugeleza okungcono nokushesha. Le ndlela ifanele ikakhulukazi ekufinyeleleni okujulile kwe-carburizing. Kuphumelela ekwenzeni izingcezu zemikhiqizo ensimbi. Noma kunjalo, le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali enkulu, isikhathi namandla.

2. Inqubo yokugubha inqubo eyenziwa ngaphansi kwethonya lamagesi. Kule ndlela, kuyisiko ukusebenzisa amagesi ahlotshiwe (yemvelo, eyinhloko, njll) noma isigaba segesi lesisert (nitrogen). Konke kuxhomeke ekuhambeni komuntu ngamunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi enamathele esekelwe emagesi yenziwa ngephesenti encane ye-aliphatic limit hydrocarbons, propane noma alkanes. Ngokuvamile le ndlela isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni okukhulu, kodwa kubiza ngokwezimali. Indlela efana nayo isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza okushisayo. Kulokhu, ukuhlanganiswa kwama-organic molecular-compounds (isibonelo, turpentine, i-ethyl alcohol, njll) kutholakala emlilweni oshisayo, okwazi ukubola ngaphansi kwethonya lama-catalysts (nickel).

3. Inqubo ye-carburizing yamanzi. It isetshenziswa in cyanide kanye cyanide zokugeza. Indawo ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo zayo, izinzuzo nezimo zayo. Isibonelo, amabhati ase-cyanide awahlukaniswa njengengozi. Zihlukaniswa njengezithuthi eziyingozi hhayi nje kuphela ngemvelo, kodwa futhi kubantu. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa lolo lwazi, kubalulekile ukuzama ukuhambisana nazo zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha ezinqunyiwe ukuze ugweme imiphumela engalungile. Kodwa indlela esekelwe ekugezeni okungewona i-cyanide ayinconywa ngoba iholela ekungcoleni okungenakugwenywa kwemvelo futhi ibangela ukulimala okukhulu kuyo. Lezi zindlela, uma zisetshenziswe ekusebenzeni, zitholakala kuphela ekutholeni ukujula okuncane kwe-carburizing.

Ukwelashwa okushisayo kwemikhiqizo enamakhemikhali

Le nqubo iyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekucubunguleni izingxenye. Phela, ngisho nangemva kwe-carburizing, umkhiqizo awunawo amaphesenti aphakeme wokugqoka nokuthembeka. Ngakho-ke, isinyathelo sokugcina kuleli cala ngumsebenzi wokuqina nokuzikhandla. Inqubo ekhuni ibonakala ngezici eziningi nezici. Yonke inqubo yokukhukhumeza ithonywa ukukhula kokusanhlamvu, futhi ukubuyela kwayo ngaphesheya kwesigaba sokunqamuka kwesigcawu akufani futhi kuyadliwa ngokungalingani. Ngakho-ke, emisebenzini izinyathelo eziningana zokuqeda zihlukaniswa, okunye okukwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokushisa.

Isiphetho

Ngemva kokufunda okungenhla, singasho ukuthi inhlangano yale nqubo ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo yensimbi ibaluleke kakhulu. Lesi senzo sizoqinisa kakhulu isendlalelo esingaphezulu kwesigaba. Ngamakhono athile kule ndawo kanye nokutholakala kwezinto ezidingekayo nemishini, ukwakhiwa kwensimbi ekhaya kungenziwa.