Ukwakhiwa kwamandla amabhuloho eCrimea nge Kerch Strait

Ehlobo eledlule, uMnyango Wezamandla waseRussia waphetha inkontileka yombuso ekwakheni ibhuloho yamandla eCrimea. Inani lenkontileka laliyi-ruble engama-47.302 billion. Kuyinto ibhuloho yinkimbinkimbi yelayini-air lines imigqa kanye neziteshi. Kuyadingeka ukuxhuma uhlelo lwezamandla eCrimea ku-UES yaseRussia. Ukuqedwa kokwakhiwa kwakulindeleke ngo-2018. Nokho, ngesikhathi samanje, la magama asehlehlisiwe ku-2016.

Izici ze-Gasket

I-Rostov NPP ikhethwe njengephuzu eliyinhloko lokuxhumanisa into enjalo ebalulekile yomnotho wombuso, njengebhuloho lamandla eCrimea. Ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningana. Indawo yokuphela yi-Simferopol. Ukuthembeka eCrimea kuzosulwa imigqa eminingana yokudlulisa. Okubiza kakhulu isayithi "Rostov - Taman". Yakhiwe ekugcineni. Esinye sezigaba sisekwe phansi kwe-Kerch Gulf. Ngaphambi kwesigatshana se "Vyshesteblevskaya", umshini osebenzayo womugqa wokudlulisela uhamba ngo-220-500 kV. Okulandelayo kungumzila we-220 kV.

Qala ibhuloho

Umzila omusha wokudlulisela uthunyelwe ngoDisemba 2015. Ngosuku lwesibili, iCrimea yaqala ukuthola ugesi eRussia. Ibhuloho lakhiwe izakhamuzi zase-peninsula ngemuva kokuvimbela amandla avela e-Ukraine, okwamanje wangempela ngoNyaka KaNcibijane. NgoNovemba 22, 2015, ngenxa yempango yabaningi emiphakathini yaseKakhovskaya-Ostrovskaya naseKakhovskaya-Dzhankoy, izindawo eziningi zaseCrimea zaphela ngokuphelele. Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kwalokho, izinsika zomgudu weMelitopol-Djankoy noKakhovskaya-Titan nazo zavuthwa. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukubuyisela izinsika, ngoba izindlela zabo zavinjelwa yi-fighters ye "Umkhakha Olungile".

Ekuvuleni kwamandla kagesi kwakukhona, phakathi kwezinye izinto, nguMongameli waseRussia uVladimir Putin. Umcimbi wabanjwe esakhiweni saseCrimeanenergo. Ngokuthunyelwa kwebhuloho, ukuthembela kwamandla eCrimea e-Ukraine kwaphela ngokuphelele.

Okwamanje, ugesi udluliselwa epulazini eduze kwemigqa emibili eyenziwe ngomugqa wokudlulisela ugesi, okwakhiwe ngesikhathi sokurekhoda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakha ibhuloho yamandla eCrimea yesigaba sesibili - izintambo zesithathu nesine - kuguqulwa ngokugcwele. Ngokusho kwemibiko yemidiya, umsebenzi uqhutshwa ngesikhathi futhi ngokugcina ngokugcwele imigomo eboniswe umongameli waseRussian Federation. Isigaba sesibili sebhuloho kufanele siqaliswe ngo-Ephreli-Meyi 2016.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo

Ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ukwakhiwa kwesibhuloho samandla esifundeni saseCrimea, ukuvubukulwa kwemvelo kwaqhutshwa endaweni yayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ososayensi bathola i-amphorae yekhulu lesihlanu BC. Kuyathakazelisa ukucabangela ukuthi isikebhe esigcwalisiwe sasingaphezu kwamafutha. Ama-amphorae anjalo atholakala esiqhingini ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, babhekwa esikhathini esizayo.

Njengoba kungenziwa ukwahlulelwa ngemibhalo, ezikhathini zasendulo amafutha ayetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa. Kwakugcwele izibani esikhundleni samafutha. Ngezinye izikhathi amafutha ayetshenziselwa ukuvutha umlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waphatha izifo zesikhumba ezinkomeni. Insimu lapho i-amphora itholakale khona idluliselwa kumakhi abasebenzisi bokudlulisa amandla ngoNovemba wonyaka odlule (indawo ye-settlement ye-Ilyichevka).

Ukuqala kokuqala

Yiqiniso, izakhamuzi zase-peninsula, futhi abaningi baseRussia banesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi ibhuloho lamandla lakhiwa eCrimea. Okwamanje, ngezintambo ezimbili, le nxenye entsha yaseRussia ithola cishe u-450 MW wamandla. Ngeshwa, imiqulu enjalo ihlanganisa kuphela izidingo ezincane zomkhakha weCrimea kanye nomphakathi wayo ugesi. Ukuqhathanisa: eminyakeni emithathu edlule ngesikhathi sasebusika, inhlonipho yachitha 1200-1290 kW yamandla. Ngakho-ke, inkinga yokutholakala kagesi okuthembekile eCrimea isasebenza. Kulokhu, futhi kukhuthaza ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwesigaba sesibili kuhleliwe.

Plot ku-Strait Kerch

Ukuze unciphise isikhathi sebhuloho, iRashiya yaphenduka emazweni amaningi ukuthola usizo. Noma kunjalo, yonke indawo yenqatshelwe mayelana nezinhlawulo eziqaliswe yi-United States. AmaShayina kuphela avuma ukusekela ukwakha ibhuloho yamandla eCrimea. Ikhebula elibekwe ngaphansi kweKherch Strait laqhutshwa yizikebhe ezimbili. Okokuqala kwakuwumsele. Abasebenzi abavela esikebheni sesibili, ngokulandelana, babeka ikhebula. Ngenxa yezenzo ezihlukahlukene, ibhuloho kwakudingeka liphuthumise. Kodwa le nkampani ayizange idumise ukubeka phambili, futhi abantu baseCrimea babingelela uNyaka Omusha ngokukhanya kwezibani, hhayi ngamakhandlela.

Ivesi elingaphansi kwamanzi liqukethe imigqa emine yezingcingo ezine. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezintathu zazo ziyasebenza (isigaba ngasinye) kanti enye igcinwe. Ivesi lenziwa enyakatho ye-strait. Ukujula emgodini kungu-2.5 m, ibanga eliphakathi kwezingcingo li-10 m. Ubude obuphelele bokuwela yi-13 480 m.

Ekuqaleni, ukwakha ibhuloho yamandla eCrimea nge Kerch Strait kwakungekho ngaphansi kwamanzi. Okukhethwa kukho kokubeka umugqa ophezulu kwakucatshangwa. Noma kunjalo, le phrojekthi ayitholakalanga. Izizathu zaziyivolumu kakhulu yemisebenzi ezayo, ukwakhiwa eside nokungaqiniseki komugqa onjalo. Futhi, iphrojekthi ye-line power power kwadingeka ishiywe ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zokugcinwa kwayo nezithiyo zokuhamba.

Ukuphenduka kwesibili kwebhuloho

Ngokuqaliswa kwemigqa yamandla wesithathu nowesine, amandla angu-800 kW azohlinzekwa esiqhingini. Ngenxa yalokho, iCrimea izothola amandla aphelele okuzimela. Ngesonto lesikhathi seholide entsha, lokhu, okwamanje, akunakwenzeka kodwa ujabule. Okwamanje, ukwakhiwa kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamandla kagesi kwenziwa ngokusemthethweni esiqhingini, okuhloswe ukuhanjiswa kwamanje ngqo kubathengi.

Kuze kube manje, ngokuphathelene nomsebenzi ekwakhiweni kwesigaba sesibili solayini wokudlulisa, amandla omfudlana othunyelwayo ayancishiswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Kubathengi base-peninsula, lokhu cishe akuthinti. Kodwa ukuphuma kwamandla kusengenzeka.

Izakhi eziyinhloko zebhuloho

Ukuyinkimbinkimbi kokubeka nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi yilokho okuqala ukubeka ibhuloho yamandla eCrimea. Ukwakhiwa kwalo kuqhutshwa ngezigaba. Ekugcineni, umugqa wokudlulisela amandla, ovela eKuban kuya eCrimea, wawuhlanganisa izindawo ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:

• Umzila ovela kwi-NPP yaseRostov eya eTaman "Rostov - Vyshesteblievskaya" enebanga elingama 500 km

• Umzila "Kuban - Vyshesteblyevskaya". Ubude bayo buyi-175.7 km, amandla - 1665 MVA.

• Imigqa emibili ye-cable-cable emaketangeni amabili "iTaman-Kafa" noTaman-Kamish-Burun.

• I-Power Line Cafa - iSimferopol.

Yonke le migqa ngokubanzi ibonisa ibhuloho yamandla eCrimea. Ukwakhiwa (isithombe kuqinisekisiwe) kwalesi sikhungo kuyinto enkulu kakhulu. Esigabeni sokuqala, iphuzu eliyinhloko lokuxhumeka emgqeni waseCrimea kwakuyisigatshana seTaman.

Futhi, PS Kuban izokwakhiwa. Esiqhingini, amaphuzu wokuxhumeka ayengaba:

• Isiqephu "iKamish-Burun" eduze neKherch.

• Isiqephu "I-Kafa" eduze neFoodsia. Ngaphambilini, amandla akhe ayeyi-220 MVA. Esikhathini esizayo, izothuthukiswa ibe ngu-330 MVA.

• PS Feodosiyskaya.

• Isiqephu "Simferopolskaya".

Izindleko

Ngakho-ke, okwamanje isisombululo esikhulu senkinga yaseCrimea ngogesi yiyona ibhuloho yamandla eCrimea. Ukwakhiwa, noma kunjalo, kubiza kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo zokuqala, ngokulinganiselwa kokuqala, ama-ruble angu-47-49 billion azosetshenziswa ekuthuthukiseni ugesi eCrimea. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-14 anikezwe ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho. Kusukela ngo-March 2016, izinkampani zokuthenga izinkontileka ziqale zilungise imingcele yezimali.

Ngeshwa, iRussia inethuba lokumboza ingxenye encane yezindleko zokwakha. Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano samanje, u-Ukrinterenergo, okwenqabela ukuhlinzeka kagesi kulesi siqephu, unesibopho sokukhokha imali yokuphazamiseka kokuphepha. Ubukhulu bayo bungu-20% wamandla anikeziwe. Ngokwezifiso ezikhona, inani lokugcina lemali ngeke lidlulele ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-12.

Umqambi

Ukwakhiwa kwesibhuloho samandla eCrimea - kuqondakala kanjani. Isisindo sokubeka umugqa omusha wokudlulisela phambili sasishesha kakhulu. Ngubani obhekene nokuqaliswa kwalo msebenzi? Okokuqala ukwakha ibhuloho yamandla ngaphesheya kwe- Kerch Strait izinkampani ezine ezibizwa ngokuthi. Ngemuva kwalokho, izicelo ze-OAO Gidroelektromontazh ne-OAO GlobalElectroService zalahlwa, njengoba zingazange zihlangabezane nezidingo zethenda. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakukhona abaphikisana ababili ekwakhiweni: iTekhnopromexport (ephethwe yiRostekh) noStroytransgaz, ogunyazwe nguG. Timchenko. Ibhidi phakathi kwabo laqhutshwa ngama-rubles angu-5.5 wezigidi. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakunomkontileka oyedwa kuphela wokubeka isikhungo esibalulekile njengebhodi lamandla eCrimea. Ubani ozokwakha lo mgqa wamandla, anqume ukubiza. Unkontileka wakhetha uTechnopromexport.

Iziteshi ezintsha zamandla ezishisayo eCrimea

Yiqiniso, ukwakha ibhuloho yamandla eCrimea kuzoxazulula izinkinga eziningi zamandla. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi isilinganiso sinesikhashana. Ukuze uhlangabezane ngokugcwele nezidingo ze-peninsula ngamandla kagesi, kuyadingeka ukuba uthuthukise inethiwekhi yayo.

Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2015, ama-CHPP amabili amasha asekwakha eCrimea. Umthamo wabo wonke u-980 MW. Omunye wabo uyakhiwa eSimferopol, enye eSevastopol. Kucatshangwa ukuthi amandla anikezwe ibhuloho kanye nezitshalo zamandla amasha azothola izidingo eCrimea ngogesi ngenzalo. Ngamanye amabhodlela amabili amasha azoba nezinyathelo ezimbili zamandla ngamunye. Imiklamo yalezi zakhiwo ithatha ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yakamuva kanye nobuchwepheshe bamuva. Zombili iziteshi zizosebenza kahle kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo ezibalulekile eCrimea kuzoqedwa ngo-2018.

Amathemba ekuthuthukiseni amandla eCrimea

Ukwakhiwa kwesibhuloho samandla eCrimea nge Kerch Strait ne-CHP kuzoxazulula inkinga enkulu yokuhlinzeka i-peninsula ngegesi. Nokho, ngaphezu kwalezi zakhiwo, kuhlelwe futhi ukwakha izitshalo ezincane zamandla amancane (TPPs). Zizokwakhiwa ezindaweni zokudinga okukhulu. Futhi ohlelweni lokuthuthukiswa kweCrimea, ukwakhiwa kwamanye amajijithi kagesi kuhlelwe.

Isizukulwane esiyisisekelo sizokhula ngezindleko ze-federal (ngenzuzo). Imisebenzi yokuthuthukiswa kwe-TPP yenziwa ngokubala ikakhulukazi kubatshali beTurkey. Noma kunjalo, iziphathimandla azibiki ukuthi zikhona yini iziphakamiso eziphathekayo ezivela kulolu cala. Kodwa maduze kwakukhona ulwazi mayelana nabatshali bezimali baseRussia. Ezifundazweni zaseZdzhankoyskom naseChernomorskiy ze-republic TPP zizokwakhiwa yinkampani ethi "Energosovet". Amandla kagesi ayokwenziwa ngokukhiqizwa kwegesi-propulsion izitshalo ezinamandla angama-24 no-16 MW. Izindleko eziphelele zombili zomkhiqizo yi-ruble 2.24 billion. Zizofakwa ukusebenza, cishe, engxenyeni yesithathu ka-2016.

Uhlelo oluhlukile lokunikezwa kwamandla kule nkathi yeholide

Ibhuloho yamandla eCrimea (ukwakhiwa kwaqala, njengoba ukhumbula, ngo-2015) ngehlobo, cishe kungenzeka, selizolungele kakade. Ngesikhathi samanje, uhulumeni wesifundazwe usungula ukuhlinzeka kwamandla kagesi endaweni yasogwini ngesikhathi sehlobo lwezokuvakasha ehlobo. Abanikazi bama-sanatoriums, amahotela ngisho namahhotela amancane-mahhotela adingekayo ukungena ezivumelwaneni ne "Krymenergo" ngokukhombisa amandla okudingekayo emsebenzini ngesikhathi seholide. Lapho kuthuthukiswa uhlelo lwamandla okuhlinzeka ngezikhungo zezempilo kanye nezempilo, okumele kwenziwe kuqala kuzo izakhiwo zezingane. Ukwamukelwa kwamaholide, kuhlanganise naseRussia, inhlonipho ikulungele ngokucophelela. Kusuka eKrainar Krai lapha okwamanje ungangena esikebheni kuphela. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ibhuloho elivamile lezimoto kanye nokuthutha izitimela nazo zizobekwa phezu kwenhlonipho futhi ngeCherch Strait.

Ngakho-ke, impendulo yombuzo wokuthi lapho ibhuloho lamandla lizokwakhiwa eCrimea licacile. Ngehlobo lika-2016, lesi sikhungo sizobekwa ngokugcwele. Esiqhingini, ukuphuma kwezingcingo zikagesi kuzophela, futhi amabhizinisi azoqala ukusebenza ngokugcwele.