Isheduli lokugoma izingane: Uvendle

Uvendle - i zokugula acute ezithathelwanayo, lapho igciwane kuthinta grey endabeni emgogodleni kanye oblongata medulla. imiphumela zako ziyizindlela ukukhubazeka, okuholela nokukhubazeka okungelapheki. Kukholakala ukuthi eRussia, e-Europe naseMelika Ngikhumbule lesi sifo esiyingozi, futhi sisizwa ukuba senze yokugoma uvendle. Luhlelo eRussia inikeza ngokuziphatha kwabo ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila kwengane.

uvendle

Uvendle - ngegciwane acute ubangwa amagciwane of serotypes ezintathu. Umthombo lengculaza abagulayo kanye igciwane egazini. Lesi sifo wadluliselwa le fecal-temlomo na amaconsi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungaba ungenwe by contact, emanzini, izitsha, imikhiqizo, okuyinto got igciwane. In imvelo bangaphandle, kuba esitebeleni ngokwanele ukuthi kungaba avuse umqedazwe. I Lesi sifo siphatha kakhulu ukusebenza izingane zakhe ezingu-3 kuya eminyakeni emi-5. Nge amafomu ejwayelekile uvendle igciwane lihlasela motor nuclei stem asebuchosheni nomgogodla. Emtholampilo lubonakaliswa noma meningitis noma ukuthuthukiswa ukukhubazeka, paresis, imisipha yoma. Futhi, lesi sifo kungase kube asymptomatic noma aqedwe. amasosha omzimba Zokuphila Konke igcina abantu wakhuthazelela uvendle. ukugoma schedule ivumela ingane ukuthuthukisa uhlelo yokufakelwa ziyawathinta ukutheleleka. Kodwa kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi uma yokugoma, ngisho waphathwa uvendle, umuntu angakwazi kabusha ngegciwane kubo, kodwa ejenti bazocula uhlobo oluhlukile igciwane.

izinhlobo yokugoma

Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ezimbili yokugoma athuthukile. Hlukanisa bukhoma temlomo uvendle wokugoma (OPV) kanye Umgomo woVendle (IPV). ERussia, ezingeni wombuso, zonke izinyathelo zithathiwe ukulandela ukunciphisa izinga isifo sabantu, futhi ukwakha ukungatheleleki ezifweni ezifana novendle. Inoculation (ukugoma schedule izokwethulwa ngezansi) kungenziwa kokubili OPV futhi IPV. Zombili izinguqulo komjovo equkethe zonke izinhlobo ezintathu igciwane elibangela lesi sifo. Ezweni lethu ivunyelelwa ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokugoma bukhoma futhi inactivated. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye yokugcina yaleli ukulungiswa kuhlanganiswe "Tetrakok" esisetshenziselwa yokugoma kanyekanye ezifweni ezinjenge idiphtheria, ngqi, pertussis, uvendle. Uhlelo lokugoma ivumela yokugcina izikimu ezimbili. Komunye wayo yokugoma zisebenzisa IPV futhi OPV ngoba revaccination, kuyilapho ezinye kuhilela ukwethulwa IPV wedwa.

umuthi wokugoma ophuzwayo

OPV ithuthukiswe 1955 i-American virologist A. Sabin. Ubunjwe siphile, kodwa igciwane buthaka. Ngaphandle nje, umgomo i uketshezi, amaKhaladi ebomvu nge aftertaste okumunyu. Umgomo iqondiswa ngomlomo, instillation, kuye lokuhlushwa yayo, kusukela 2 kuya ku-4 amathonsi. Uhlelo lokugoma uvendle ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyodwa wokugoma ngonyaka Kunconywa ukuba ngingcwabe empandeni ulimi ukugwema regurgitation. Ngo abantu abadala ke ufakwa ku amalaka. Emva inqubo, e ihora ukuthi ufuna ukukhipha ukudla nokuphuza. Uma ingane namanje srygnul, kabusha esethula umthamo ofanayo.

Through the lymphoid we pharynx attenuated igciwane emathunjini, lapho aqala ukuba azale ande, ekuphenduleni lapho izivikeli mzimba uqala akhiqiza amasosha omzimba, ngenxa okuyinto kwakheka umzimba kanye nokuvikelwa. Lapho igciwane lesandulela ngculazi lokhu, esebenzayo uvendle igciwane basuke isiyasebenza, ukuze lesi sifo ngeke, noma sihamba ngendlela elula, ngaphandle kokudala paresis kanye nokukhubazeka.

wokugoma inactivated

Ngaphambili, ngo-1950, kwaba George. Salk wanikelwa umjovo inactivated equkethe igciwane abulawe. Iqondiswa ngomjovo bese kukhishelwa ngesimo imijovo alahlwayo, okuqukethwe okuyinto ingenye lokugoma ngokumelene poliomyelitis. Isheduli lokugoma ngokuvamile Kunconywa ukusebenzisa umjovo inactivated ngenxa yokugoma. IPV iqondiswa intramuscularly ethangeni noma ingalo eliphezulu. Endabeni ka ukusetshenziswa kwalo kungadingeki ukuba nidede ezinkanukweni ukudla nokuphuza.

Ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene isikuqinisekisile ukuthi kokubili yokugoma ziyasebenza futhi enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba enamandla ukuba izifo ezifana novendle. ukugoma schedule evumela ukusetshenziswa wokugoma esithile, kuncike izici ngamunye ingane. Lesi sinqumo sivame udokotela wezingane nge Nokuhlola kokuqala futhi ukuqoqa nomlando wokwelatjhwa enemininingwane. Kuphela emuva kokuba ingane noma umuntu omdala uye ngokucophelela ukuthi ungeniswe lokugoma izifo ezifana novendle (umjovo).

isheduli lokugoma

Ukugoma Isheduli, okuyinto idokhumenti main elawula izinsuku yokugoma ezweni lethu kudinga ukuba zigonyelwe uvendle ngezigaba eziningana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngolokuqala kubo (lokugoma) usebenzisa wokugoma inactivated, futhi okwalandela (booster) - baphile. isikimu okunjalo ubhekwa eliphezulu amasosha omzimba enamandla yilesi sifo.

Umgomo wokuqala uvendle (ukugoma schedule kuyosiza abazali abasha eMpumalanga) le IRP ingaphansi kweminyaka engu-3 izinyanga. yokugoma Landelayo wayisa IPV ngezinyanga ezingu 4.5, kanti eyesithathu (OPV) - 6 izinyanga. Khona-ke bachitha booster, nakho okudinga indawo ngezigaba ezintathu:

• izinyanga ezingu-18 (OPV);

• Ezinyangeni ezingu-20 (OPV);

• engu-14 (OPV).

Kukhona futhi ukugoma amasheduli, asebenzisa amalungiselelo inactivated kuphela. Kulokhu, ukugoma kuyindlela:

• 3 izinyanga;

• izinyanga 4.5;

• ezingu-6.

I inoculation elandelayo uvendle booster isheduli okubandakanya imigomo elandelayo:

• izinyanga ezingu-18;

• iminyaka 6.

Njengoba ubona, usebenzisa IPV isheduli kulinganiselwe mfushane. Amaqhinga anjalo ezisetshenziswa emazweni amaningi, akukho uvinjelwe eRussia.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma ngenxa yesizathu esithile isheduli yokugoma kugudlukela, akudingekile ukuba ayiyeke le imigomo okwalandela. izinsuku ezingu-45, okuhlanganiswayo njengoba isikhawu phakathi ukwelashwa, kukhona elithi ubuncane, futhi uma kwandile, ngaleso sikhathi kuyoba khona bakhathazeke ngalutho. Kumiswa amasosha omzimba phakathi nalesi sikhathi ngeke ayeke futhi ungenayo ukuqala yokugoma kuqala. Okusho ukuthi, uma yisiphi isigaba yokugoma iye yakhishwa, ezifweni ezifana novendle, isheduli yokugoma nje ukuqhubeka kohlelo, futhi akudingeki ukuba uqale yokugoma kuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi OPV futhi IPV yizidakamizwa nezilandiso.

Ngaphezu imisebenzi ehlelelwe izingane eRussia kuyenziwa yokugoma abantu abadala. Lokhu kwenzeka uma umuntu engena endaweni lapho kukhona eliphezulu legciwane nesifo, noma njengoba isilinganiso izifo uma kubheduke isifo.

ukusabela wokugoma

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi yokugoma zamanje bubekezelelwa ngokuvamile kahle, ekuphenduleni umgomo kungase kulandelwe ukusabela ngabanye. Njengomthetho, OPV ke unamandla. Lokhu kungabonakala kuyi-lokushisa kuvuselwa 37,0-37,5 ° e ngesonto lesibili emva inoculation. Futhi ngesikhathi izinsuku ezimbili kungaba sohudo kancane. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukusabela ngaleyo ndlela kuyinto ngempela ezingavamile, kungokwemvelo futhi ayidingi ukuphathwa ngendlela ekhethekile. Njengomthetho, zonke lezi zinkinga kukhona ngokwabo.

Lapho iqondiswa IPV kusayithi umjovo kungaba ukuvuvukala kancane, futhi kungenzeka kuphakama okuncane kwezinga lokushisa komzimba, isifiso neziyaluyalu, ukukhathazeka.

yezinkinga

Okuwukuphela isimo esibucayi lokhu wokugoma kuyinto poliomyelitis wokugoma-ezihambisana kofé uhlangothi - vApp. Ngenhlanhla, kukalutshwana kakhulu. It ngokuvamile kwenzeka emva kokusetshenziswa kokuqala kwe-OPV (okungenani - at wokugoma lesibili) futhi ukuqhutshwa nazo zonke izici uvendle samanje (paresis, ukukhubazeka, imisipha yoma). Ingozi VAPP mkhulu izingane nge ukungatheleleki ongaphakeme, abakhubazekile zentuthuko, abaphila ne-HIV noma i-AIDS, uma isetshenziswa OPV ngokugoma. Ukuze ugweme lokhu akuxhomekile inkinga IPV kuphela isetshenziselwa ukugoma.

Qaphela - abantu unvaccinated (kungakhathaliseki ubudala) abaphethwe ukungatheleleki ongaphakeme (ingculaza) noma ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa, it is ukuyiveza ungathola vApp kusuka ihlumela ingane OPV, kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemva lokugoma unekhemikhali igciwane imvelo.

Izimo

Uhlelo lokugoma ngokumelene poliomyelitis izingane uqokomisa Izimo ezilandelayo ukuze yokugoma:

• izifo sibi noma exacerbation of pathologies ezingamahlalakhona - lokugoma imisiwe amasonto 4 ngemva yokutakula, esimweni ephansi amandla SARS lokugoma kungaba kwenziwe emva ukuzinza lokushisa;

• ezinzima ukusabela iguliswa izingxenye umgomo;

• immunodeficiencies, komdlavuza, uthi immunosuppressive;

• iziyaluyalu zezinzwa ezavela imigomo odlule.