Ukuvumelanisa umbala. Umbuthano wokuhlanganiswa kombala. Ukufananisa kombala

Ukuvumelana kwemibuthano yembala kubalulekile ngokwanele ezicini eziningi zokuphila kwethu. Ngemuva kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinga lokusebenzisana kwezihlanganisi ezihlukahlukene kanye nombala wemibala ngaphakathi, ezembathweni, ezinhlobonhlobo zobuciko nakwamanye amagatsha amaningi.

Umbuthano wombala we-Itten

Kukhona uhlelo oluthile lokuhlanganiswa kombala oyisisekelo. Imelelwa kumbuthano owenziwe ngumculi I. I-intanethi. Le mbuthano oyibona esithombeni ngezansi.

Kulesi simodeli, ukusebenzisana kwemibala phakathi komunye nomunye, ukuhlukaniswa kwemibala ngokuya kwezinga lokubaluleka kubonakala. Ngakho-ke, kukhona okuyisisekelo nokwengeza, ungaphinde ulandele ukuhleleka kokuhlanganiswa kwawo.

Umjikelezo wemincintiswano yembala Yenzelwe ukusiza abaculi be-novice ukwenza lula ngombala. Umbuthano ufundisa inhlanganisela evumelana kakhulu ye-shades. Kuyasebenza namuhla. Igobolondo langaphandle ngesimo sendilinga evaliwe liqukethe imibala eyishumi nambili yembonakude kusuka ebomvu kuya ku-violet. Okubomvu, okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi kuyisisekelo, okungukuthi, amathoni ayisisekelo. Zonke ezinye, ezakhiwe ngesikhathi sokuxuba, zibhekisela emibala yesibili. Ngokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo, ama-shades aphezulu awakhiwa.

Kodwa-ke, kusobala ukuthi empilweni yangempela sibona futhi sisebenzisa amathunzi amaningi. Ngakho-ke, imodeli ephelele kunazo zonke ingacatshangwa ngesimo sendawo, izigxobo ezizoqhutshwa imibala emhlophe nemnyama.

Umqondo wombala we-consonance

Imithetho yemibono yembala isekelwe emaphethini enhlanganisela futhi isisekelo sokubunjwa kombala ngokujwayelekile. Kuneziningi zazo. Amacebo asetshenziselwa ukuqamba imibala yembala ayifani ncamashi kuhlaka. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa ngesisekelo senani elithile (amabili, amathathu, amane noma ngaphezulu).

Ukusetshenziswa kwezikimu ezinjalo kuzokusiza ukuba uhambe ezinhlobonhlobo ze-shades bese ukhetha inhlanganisela yabo edingekayo.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kuzoxoxwa ngani kamuva, gcina engqondweni yombala wombala we-Itten noma ubuke isithombe.

Umbala wokuvumelana wombala emibili

Kuhilela ukuhambisana kwamabili wombala. Kungaba kokubili imikhakha ehambisanayo futhi ephikisanayo yombuthano we-Itten. Isibonelo siyinhlanganisela yezimpikiswano (imibala ehambisanayo): obomvu - obuluhlaza, obuluhlaza - obomvu. Zonke zivumelana ngokuvumelana nomunye nomunye. Isisekelo senhlanganisela enjengokuhlukile kombala. Futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ukukhetha ukuhlanganisa okude kakhulu kunamanye amathoni (ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - okwesibhakabhaka).

Ukuvumelana kwembala emithathu

Kubizwa nangokuthi "umbala kathathu". Inhlanganisela enjalo ingamelwa yizinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zesimiso. Ngenhlanganisela eseduze (imibala eseduze) futhi uma ihlanganiswe imibala efanayo (ngeyodwa), izinyunyana zombala ezihambelanayo zakhiwa. Kodwa uhlelo lwama-classic lusetshenziselwa izintathu (i-isosceles ne-equilateral). Kulesi simo, kuhlanganiswa imibala emithathu (okuphuzi, obomvu, okwesibhakabhaka, i-violet, eluhlaza, i-orange). Ngakho-ke, njengoba ubhale noma iyiphi yalezi zibalo kumbuthano wokuhlanganiswa kombala we-Itten futhi ujikelezayo, kulula ukucacisa inyunyana ehambelana kakhulu. Njengomthetho, inhlanganisela yokuhlukanisa iyatholakala. Ungasebenzisa futhi ukuhluka okulinganayo kusuka emibhalweni eyengeziwe kuya ezizungezile nokunye okunye.

Ukuvumelana okunemibala emine

Lena inketho eyinkimbinkimbi. Nokho, ukuvumelana okunjalo kulula ukucabanga. Umbala walo Loluhlelo luchazwa ngokufaka embuthaneni we-Itten wamanani ejometri elula, njengesikwele kanye nekontane. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ufake i-trapezoid. Uma uhlanganisa imibala yale nhlanganisela, uzothola ithoni emnyama. Isibonelo se-consonance enemibala emine: ophuzi, obomvu-orange, obomvu, obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ukuvumelana kwemibala eyisithupha

Yakhiwa ngokufaka i-hexagon equilateral endaweni yombuthano. Lokhu kuvumelana okunzima kakhulu, umbala wombala oqukethe ama-shades ayisithupha ahlukene. Ngokwempela kunzima ukwenza lolu hlobo. Ngakho-ke kulokhu kudingekile ukusebenzisa imodeli yombuthano. Uma sicabangela lo mkhakha njengesisekelo, khona-ke ngokusebenzisa ukuzungeza kwendawo singakwazi ukufeza inhlanganisela yembala enentshisekelo.

Ukufananisa kombala

Ngokugcwele isinqumo sombuzo ekukhetheni ithoni kuncike emigomeni, imisebenzi kanye nobubanzi balo noma lowo mbala. Ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuklama, kunezici ezahlukene, ngokukhetha ikhabethe - abanye. Kodwa ngandlela-thile awukwazi ukuyenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umqondo wembala, kanye nemibono yokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuvumelana, ukuhambisana kombala kanye nezici ezijwayelekile zombala. Ngendlela eyaziwayo , kulula kakhulu ukwenza isakhiwo esibalulekile sokwakhiwa, ngokusekelwe ezimisweni zesayensi yombala .

Amanye amathoni, okwenza isisekelo sendilinga ye-Itten, enenani elikhethekile. Futhi, isici sabo esihlukile siwukukhanya okukhulayo nokugcwala. Imibala ye-spectral ayisoloko isetshenziswa ngendlela ehlanzekile. Ngokuvamile bahlanganiswa yi-achromatic black and white. Futhi eziningi zazo zinkimbinkimbi zokuxuba noma ukucabanga.

Isibonelo, umbala obomvu umbala obunzima kakhulu. Ukuvumelana kombala kwakhiwe Ngesicelo sayo, kuyathandeka kakhulu. Yenziwa ngokuxuba imisebe ekhanyayo yama-red and purple hues. Ukuthatha lokhu noma lelo toni kulowo osevele ukhona, kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa imithetho yenhlanganisela yabo, onobuhle obuhle.

Izici zombala. Okuyisisekelo

Umbala ngamunye unezici ezintathu eziyinhloko. Lezi zihlanganisa ukugcwalisa, izinga lokukhanya kanye nebala ithoni. Kubalulekile ukucabangela umehluko (umbala nokukhanya) nomphumela wendawo yalokhu noma lowo mbala. Ukufananisa kombala Ukuxazulula inkinga, umuntu kufanele aqale ngokuqonda lezi zakhiwo.

Umbala wombala unqunywa ngesimo esakhiweni se-spectral futhi unquma igama layo (oluhlaza, olubomvu). Ithoni ikuvumela ukuba ubone umehluko phakathi kombala we-spectral ne-achromatic.

Ukwaneliseka kuyisici esinqumayo izinga lokusondelana nombala we-spectral omuhle. Ukusondeza, kuphakamisa izinga le-saturation yombala. Uma umbala, ngokwesibonelo, wenza upende omhlophe noma omnyama, kuyoba nokulahlekelwa kokugcwalisa. Okungukuthi, empeleni, i-saturation inquma izinga lokude lombala kusuka ku-grey wezinga elifanayo lokukhanya.

I-degree of lightness iyimpahla yombala, ebeka isikhundla sayo esikalini esivela emhlophe kuya ngokuphelele emnyama. Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke le ndawo ibizwa nangokukhanya.

Ukungafani kombala - umqondo ovame ukusetshenziswa ngabaculi, ochwepheshe bombala, abaklami. Isekelwe ezintweni zemidwebo ehlukile, izinga lokusebenzisana nokuhambisana kwazo. Ama-shades ahlukeneyo akhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa komunye nomunye, ngenkathi enza ithonya elikhulu komunye nomunye.

Kunamagama amaningi asetshenziselwa ukuveza umbala. Lezi yizici zokuqina, ububele, izinga lokubala. Zonke izingxenye ziguquguqukayo, ngoba zixhomeke ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sosuku, uhlobo lokukhanyisa.

Imithetho yokufananisa

Kubalulekile ukunamathela ekuhambisaneni okungaphezu kwama-shade amane (uma kungekho msebenzi oqondile wokuhlanganisa inombolo enkulu).

Imibala ye-Achromatic, kanye ne-gray, iyonke. Zivumelana kahle nemibala ekhanyayo.

Ama-hues aphihliwe, amakholi okuthiwa i-pastel, avame ukuhlanganiswa kahle ngenxa yomsebenzi wokukhiqiza osesisekelo (omhlophe).

Izinga lokuvumelana libhekwa njengezihlobene (i-blue - violet) inhlanganisela noma okuhambisanayo (obomvu obuluhlaza).

Isixazululo esihle singaba inhlanganisela yemibala ye- monochrome (shades kusuka kwesinye ingxenye).

Ngakho-ke, ukuphazamiseka ngokukhetha kwalokhu noma lo mbala wokubambisana, kufanelekile ukunakekelwa ngesisekelo sembala yokubala, ukunikeza isikhathi samamodeli wombala kanye nezici zembala ekhethiwe.

Kuzo zonke izimboni, ukuvumelana kubaluleke kakhulu, isakhiwo sombala esithinta izici ezidingekayo ekukhetheni inhlanganisela efanele. Lokhu akufanele ukukhohliwe.