Ukukhiqizwa kahle e nohlamvu ezweni yemakethe ezinkulu

indima Greater ekuvikeleni izithakazelo kwezomnotho kazwelonke zidlala izinhlangano asebenzayo ibhizinisi, abo yisakhamuzi ezinengqondo kwesamba, okuhloswe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkhulumomphendvulwano kuhulumeni, futhi ngakolunye - ku ukuzimisela ifemu ukuvikela amalungelo abo angokomthetho. Emkhakheni wezingalo kokudla, esinye sezici ekutholeni lezi ubudlelwano iyona kahle kwezomnotho zokukhiqiza zokusanhlamvu.

Ngokuya emisha umnotho, izitayela yesimanje kwembulunga yonke futhi jikelele we emnothweni okusanhlamvu kwemikhiqizo lifakazelwa, kanye inkinga kwamandla ngokuvamile, uhlala ezingaxazululeki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emphakathini wanamuhla Inthanethi, khona ulwazi eminingi izinqubo ngamazwe zokukhiqiza kanye ukusetshenziswa, khuhlangene nokudla, uhlala inkinga kungalungiswanga kolwazi ukwesekwa zokukhiqiza ukuphathwa uhlobo ezibalulekile umkhiqizo, njengoba ukudla okuphakelayo okusanhlamvu.

Ucwaningo lwethu kuhloswe ukukhombisa izwe isayensi umkhuba njengoba ngokusobala solvable futhi olufanele namuhla nekusebenta ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo komnotho ulwazi umsebenzi ekuhloleni izitayela ebaluleke kakhulu emakethe okusanhlamvu emhlabeni. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye ukuxazulula lesi sigaba zezinkinga zingaphendula ngokuthi wenze neminye imisebenzi ekuphathweni zomphakathi.

Emuva ekuqaleni kwekwindla ka-2010, izazi FAO (Food and Agriculture eNhlangano yeziZwe) ibike ukuthi inkinga ukudla is akulindelekile, nakuba izimakethe ukudla ngamazwe akusazinzile, kusukela kahle uwela ekukhiqizeni ukudla. Nokho, umkhuba osukhona lembulunga yonke elinezinto ezinhlobonhlobo gxuma elibukhali izintengo imikhiqizo ukudla ngasekupheleni 2010 futhi ekuqaleni kuka-2011 kwenza izazi ukukhuluma kwenhlangano ka esimweni esibucayi ukudla entsha. Umbiko wakamuva nge-FAO kulesi sici kuyinto esidumazayo. amanani Umhlaba e ukudla wemboni befeze lukhulu irekhodi ngoJanuwari 2011, lapho FAO Inkomba likhuphukile inyanga 3.4% futhi zaba 231 iphuzu.

Gcizelela nokulindela simo esibucayi namuhla kanye izitayela abasafufusa okusanhlamvu emakethe emhlabeni, kanye nekusebenta elihambisana amabhizinisi lokucubungula wezolimo.

Ngesisekelo lo mbono ithonya sobala emakethe izwe lamabele asele nomthamo kakhulu ingxenye izwe ukudla emakethe, lapho okusanhlamvu isetshenziswa njengophawu impahla eluhlaza (ufulawa, okusanhlamvu, njll) noma njengoba okuphakelayo ezikhulayo imfuyo kanye nezinkukhu.

Uma sikhuluma Amathrendi ezibaluleke kakhulu abasafufusa namuhla emhlabeni izinguquko emakethe okusanhlamvu, bungokulandelayo ngokuvumelana abalobi.

Basic okusanhlamvu abakhiqizi - iChina neNdiya - ziya ziba mandla kokuba abangenisa likakolweni corn. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

- ukuma eminyakeni yamuva, ukukhula kwesidingo ukudla kula mazwe ngenxa imali eyiphinda ekuphumeni labantu;

- ukubambezeleka ukukhiqizwa wokudla kula mazwe ngu ukukhula asetshenziswe ezindlini;

- Ukuwohloka kula mazwe eminyakeni yamuva, izimo zemvelo ezindaweni zokukhiqiza lezimpahla zokusanhlamvu.

Kuyiqiniso ukuthi womabili la mazwe ukuthuthukisa ukunakekela umkhiqizo wokusanhlamvu kazwelonke:

- China ukumemele izwe e yezinkampani ezinkulu e-Eshiya wahlanganyela inhlangano zitshalwe bese zidayiswa kamuva ummbila, edonsa isipiliyoni international ekudalweni wamabhizinisi yesimanje ukwenziwa aklaba kwabavuni futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle yabo.

- India kuze kube manje yehlulekile ukuxazulula inkinga ekusetshenzisweni ngokugcwele acreage babo, akha cishe 10% nesigaxa emhlabeni. Lokhu, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento nokukhanda yomkhiqizo wezolimo, lapho ipulazi ine isilinganiso 1.5 hectare umhlabathi olimekayo.

Amazwe ayinhloko timbiwa okusanhlamvu, ngokusho kongoti we-International Izinhlamvu Council, ngeke ukwazi eminyakeni ezayo ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa main izitshalo wemakethe jikelele - ukolo, ummbila nelayisi.

Umkhuba isivele esiboniswe amazwe okusanhlamvu-timbiwa ka Nenkabazwe eningizimu (e-Australia, e-Argentina), lokho kuyinkomba yokuthi leyompahla isivuno zokusanhlamvu emazweni timbiwa ngonyaka 2012/2013, ukuhlwanyela kungenzeka ongaphakeme ngenxa yezizathu sezulu.

Ngo eziningi emazweni okusanhlamvu-timbiwa we Nenkabazwe ngezizathu abampofu izimo zezulu ngonyaka odlule futhi yenhlangano ihlulekile ukwakha izinqolobane yokutshala eliphezulu imbewu.

lamazwe ngamanye Ikhiphela kakhulu ephakanyiswa ekupheleni kuka-2011, izintengo okusanhlamvu imithombo eminyakeni eyedlule azikakwazi ukwazi inzuzo ukuwudayisa.

Inani lamazwe timbiwa (eRussia, Ukraine) vimbela noma ukuvimbela zokuthumela walo wokusanhlamvu, nakho kuholela ngamanani emakethe okusanhlamvu.

Kufinyeta ukuhlonza Amathrendi ebalulekile emakethe okusanhlamvu, kungenzeka ukwakha ezinye iziphetho:

- okusanhlamvu supply emakethe emhlabeni ngonyaka ka-2012 ngeke iyavuthuluka, kepha funa kuba ngokwemvelo lukhulu ekwandiseni;

- kunazo okusanhlamvu abangenisa ngeke buthaka isidingo okusanhlamvu ukungeniswa ngezithukuthuku ukukhula ukukhiqizwa ezifuywayo izimo zemvelo kanye nezomnotho, kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela lwemali ukwandisa ukuthenga kuzo uzobe ulahlekile;

- kukhona isimo lapho abathuthi ayikwazi ukunikeza imali eceliwe yokusanhlamvu ezishibhile kanye namazwe ukungenisa Ngeke ukwazi ukuthenga ngenxa zibiza kakhulu zonke Imali okuphakanyiswe yamabele;

- Eqinisweni, inkinga ukungakwazi zikhule futhi ukunikela emazweni asathuthuka-amazwe abangenisa yokusanhlamvu ngemali ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yokusanhlamvu emhlabeni ukufeza intengo abavume ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele;

- sezulu izimo ngo-2012, njengoba eminyakeni eyedlule, kuyoba nomthelela ikakhulukazi omubi Imiphumela umkhiqizo wokusanhlamvu.