Izinyosi: amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngezinyosi. Izinyosi zasendle nezifuywayo

Ngeshwa, ezimweni zezwe zanamuhla zivame ukukhula ngendlela yokuthi siyeka ukunaka isimo esizungezile. Ukufika endaweni ethile (ithi, e-Afrika noma e-Australia), siyamangala ngokuhlukahluka kwezindawo zezilwane nezilwane zasendaweni, kodwa esimweni sethu asiboni izitshalo, izinyoni noma izilwane. Kodwa ngeze. Ngokwesibonelo, thatha izinambuzane ezimangalisayo njengezinyosi. Amaqiniso anentshisekelo ngakho angeke aksize ukuheha ukunakwa ngisho nakakhulu okungavunyelwe.

Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuthakazelisa umfundi ngokumtshela ngolimi olulula futhi oluzwakalayo mayelana nolwazi oludumile kuphela emibuthanweni emincane emibuthanweni. Ngokwesibonelo, abaningi banelukuluku lokuthola ukuthi izinyosi zihlala kuphi ebusika, kanjani nokuthi yini abayidlayo emfudumeni nasebandayo Isikhathi sonyaka, indlela yokwandisa nokwakha amakhaya abo.

Isigaba 1. Izimpawu zezinambuzane

Izinyosi, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo mayelana nalokho okwakusanda kugobhoza ngemithombo yamaphephandaba, anezinhlangothi ezinamaphiko, amathumbu amancane nesisu esisodwa.

Ngesinye isikhathi umzimba wesilisa ukhululeka kakhulu, futhi unezintambo eziqondile, kodwa kuzinsikazi ziboshwe, ezihlanganisa izingxenye ezingu-12-13. Amehlo anama-glabrous, ngezinye izikhathi ahlanganiswa ne-cilia, izitho zomlomo zibhekisela kuhlobo lwe-gnawing.

Zonke izinyosi zine-proboscis kanye nesigaba sokuqala sezinyawo zemilenze - izici eziyinhloko zokuqoqa impova kusuka ezimbali nasempeleni. Lezi zinsuku, ngokusobala, izinyosi ziqoqa ama-proboscis okuncelisayo ku-crab ene-valve evimbela ukutholakala kwe-nectar kumgogodla. Isisu ngokuvamile sigcwele izinwele. Emilenzeni yezintambo kukhona "ibhasikidi" - ikakhulukazi ukuqoqa impova. Ngendlela, akubona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi abesifazane kuphela abane-sting.

Isigaba 2. Isikhundla sezinyosi

Lezi zinambuzane ziyizinambuzane ezihlelekile kakhulu: zifuna ukudla, amanzi, zihlela izindlu, ama-combs, zinakekele isibeletho nenzalo emzamweni ohlangene futhi ndawonye zizivikele ezitheni. Yingakho ukuzalisa izinyosi, njengokubusa, akudingi umzamo omkhulu njengoba kungase kubonakale ekuqaleni.

Imfundo yomphakathi ephakeme kunazo zonke yilezi zinhlobo i-eusocial koloni, lapho izinyosi zezinyosi zihlala ndawonye, okuthiwa "bezzhalnye" namabluebees. Uma sicabanga ukuthi banokuhlukaniswa okucacile komsebenzi, leli qembu lingase libizwe ngokuthi lomsakazo.

Esikhathini lapho, ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezingenhla, isibhamu sinezibeletho nezinzalo-abesifazane, leli qembu libizwa ngokuthi umphakathi. Ngesakhiwo esifanayo, izinyosikazi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isisu, namadodakazi akhe abizwa ngokuthi izisebenzi.

Isigaba 3. Kuyoze kube nini izinyosi zihlala?

Ukuphila kwalezi zinambuzane kuxhomeke ngqo emandleni omndeni wonke. Eqenjini elibuthakathaka, inyosi esebenzayo ingaphila entwasahlobo cishe amasonto amane, eqenjini eliqinile, amasonto ama-5-7. Futhi konke kuxhomeke enani lamanani omndeni, kanye ne-egg-laying of the uterus.

Nokho, akubona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi izinyosi zikwazi ukulawula isikhathi sokuphila kwazo. Kungenzeka ukuthi banomhlobo othile wemfihlo ekuvuseleleni izinto eziphilayo, uma kungekho ithuba lokukhula isizukulwane esisha sezinyosi. Isibonelo, uma umndeni ngokungazelelwe ulahlekelwe isisu, isikhathi sabo sokuphila singakhuphuka sibe yizinsuku ezingu-200 noma ngaphezulu.

Ukuphila kweziningi zezinyosi ezisebenzayo kubuye kwandiswe ngesikhathi lapho umndeni wanquma ukungena noma ukulungiselela ubusika. Izinambuzane ezinqanyuliwe zihlala cishe izinyanga ezingu-7 futhi zisebenza cishe inyanga ukuze zizuze ikholoni yazo. Okusho ukuthi abantu basebusika baphila izikhathi ezingu-5-7 ngaphezulu kunehlobo. Ngakho-ke, impilo yasehlobo yezinyosi ihlanganisa okungaphezulu kwenyanga, nokuphila kwasebusika - cishe izinsuku ezingu-200.

Isigaba 4. Sakhiwa kanjani nokuthi i-bee nectar yakha kanjani?

Inyosi idonsa i-droplet yesikhumba sezimbali, ekhishwe izitshalo (isisindo 40-50 mg), futhi siyayithuthukisa ngamathe, lapho kukhona khona ama-enzyme amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekukhoneni kwayo kukhona inqubo yokuhlukanisa i-sucrose, ngenxa yalokho i-nectar iba yinyosi.

Lapho ebuyela esidlekeni, i-bee picker idlulisa i-droplet ye-nectar eya ku-bee-receiver, eqhubeka nokucubungula izinzwa zamakhemikhali, bese yengeza umkhiqizo emangqamuzaneni omuncu, lapho nayo iphinde ikhiphe ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali - "ukuvuthwa".

Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuqhuma okukhulu kwamanzi, ukulungisa ama-tannin, njll. Okuqukethwe kwezinyosi kule nkathi kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokunakekelwa.

Isigaba 5. Umsebenzi

Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ukuthola isisodwa esisodwa sezinyosi usuku lonke, izinyosi ezingu-200 zisebenzela ukuqoqa i-nectar. Kodwa akusikho konke. Cishe inani elifanayo labanye kufanele lihlanganyele ekwamukelweni kwe-nectar, liqhubeke liqhubekele emcimbini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye yezinyosi ivuselela isikhwama sokuswakama okusheshayo kumkhiqizo okweqile owenziwe emanzini.

Futhi ukuze uqinisekise uju kuma-bee amaseli angu-75, abasebenzi kudingeka banike igramu eyodwa ye-wax. Ukwakha u-1 kg uju, izinyosi kumele zifeze cishe izinkulungwane ezingu-4 500, ziqoqe umpe kusuka ezilwaneni eziyizigidi eziyizigidi zezimbali.

Empeleni, umndeni oqinile ungakuqoqa u-5-10 kg uju ngosuku noma 10-20 kg wegciwane. Lezi zinambuzane ziyakwazi ukuhamba ngezinyawo zihambe emgodleni wazo u-8 km ukuyofuna isilwane esinjalo.

Yeka inyosi ethanda, kunzima ukucabanga. Lezi zinambuzane ziyakwazi ukuqoqa i-nectar ezivela kwezitshalo eziqhakaza ngokuphelele. Yingakho abanye abanikazi bezinyosi bekhetha ukuthekelisa ama-hive abo ukuze baqoqe uju kusuka kuhlobo oluthile lwesitshalo, isibonelo, nge-acacia, rapeseed noma i-linden.

Isigaba 6. Izimpawu zezici zalezi zinambuzane ezizala izinyosi

Kubonakala sengathi, kungaba yini engavamile kulezi zinambuzane ezijwayelekile njengenyosi? Amaqiniso anentshisekelo, noma kunjalo, akhombisa okuphambene nalokho. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngenkathi efudumele singazigcina njalo, akubona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi bahlala kanjani nokuthi umsebenzi wabo onzima uhlelwe kanjani.

Yiqiniso, okuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe bezinyosi kudinga amakhono akhethekile, kodwa umuntu ojwayelekile uyoba nesifiso sokufunda ukuthi imindeni yama-honeybee ichazwe ngokucacile emakoloni omphakathi, lapho umuntu ngamunye enza umsebenzi wayo, okhethwe yisikhathi salo semvelo.

Ngakho-ke, izinambuzane ezincane (kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-10 ubudala), zivela, zondla isibeletho nezimpungushe. Endaweni ethile kusukela eminyakeni engu-7 emgodini ophansi wabakhi bezinyosi, izilonda ezikhethekile ze-wax ziqala ukusebenza, ngakho zishintsha emisebenzini eyahlukene yokwakha esihlahleni.

Ngezinsuku ezingu-14-15, izinyosi, amaqiniso athakazelisayo okungeke akwenze kodwa angabangela ukwazi, alahlekelwe umkhiqizo wawo, ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlayiya ze-wax kwehla kakhulu, kanti izinambuzane ziqala ukubandakanyeka eminye imisebenzi ehlobene nokunakekelwa kwenyoni - ukuhlanzwa kwamaseli nokulahlwa kwendle.

Uma izinyosi zingamazinsuku ezingu-20 ubudala, ziqinisekisa ukuphumula kwesidleke nokuvikelwa kwayo. Abantu asebekhulile kunezinsuku ezingu-22 bahlanganyela ekuhlanganiseni uju. Futhi labo abaneminyaka engama-30 banomthwalo wokuqoqa amanzi ngezidingo zomndeni.

Ngendlela, izinyosi ezindala zihlala esidlekeni ebusika, futhi ngalesi sikhathi impilo yabo ibonakala ibanda, kepha izinambuzane azifi, njengoba kuphutha ukucabanga.

Isigaba 7. Indlela yokubona umbulali?

Inambuzane enjengezinyosi, amaqiniso athakazelisayo okubheka ngaso ekuqaleni, njengombuso, kubonakala sengathi akunakwenzeka, ingabangela ingozi yokufa kumuntu. Futhi ngeke sixoxe ngabampofu abagulayo, ukulunywa okulula okubangela ukusabela okubi komzimba, ngisho nokuchofoza. Wonke umuntu kanye nathi angaba yisisulu, noma kunjalo, lokhu kuyadingeka siye eNingizimu Melika.

Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi abavukuzi beezinyosi ziyimifino yezinyosi zezinyosi. Banobudlova, bangakwazi ukuhlasela umuntu, izilwane ezifuywayo, ukugxila kakhulu.

Ngokwezibalo, kusukela ngo-1969, abantu abangaphezu kuka-200 bashonile eBrazil, futhi abantu abayizinkulungwane eziningana baye babulawa kakhulu yizinyosi ze- bee-killer. Laba bantu bahlasela izikhathi ezingu-30 ngokushesha, futhi bavame izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-10 ngaphezu koju oluvamile.

Nge-alamu encane kakhulu, bahlasela ngenqwaba yabo bonke abavela ngaphakathi kwendawo engamamitha angu-5 ukusuka emcimbini wabo, futhi bangaphishekela isisulu cishe 1.5 km. Futhi uma ubheka ukuthi izinyosi ezinjalo ezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo ezi-shady, isibonelo, amapaki, izikwele noma amahlathi, kuvela ukuthi ungakwazi ukumhlangabeza kalula ekuhambeni.

Muva nje emaphephandabeni angaphandle kwakunolwazi ukuthi kulo lonke elaseMelika lezi zinambuzane zabulawa cishe ngabantu abayizinkulungwane. Ukufa okubi kakhulu kubangelwa ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic.