Izilwane zeNcwadi Elubomvu YeRiphabhliki Komi: uhlu, incazelo kanye nezici

Isisekelo sobuqotho bomvulophu ephilayo (i-biosphere) yilo lonke uhlobo lwezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezincane, izitshalo, izilwane, isikhunta, njll, ezakhiwa ngenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kulesi simiso akukho lutho olungenasidingo noma olungadingekile, indlela eyodwa ehambisanayo isebenza ngezigidi zeminyaka. Ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi wesintu, okuyinto ethonya ithonya lempilo yasendle yasenyakeni ngonyaka, nalo lihambisana nalo. Ngokuvamile akusizi ngalutho futhi ngenxa yalokho kubangela isidingo sokuthatha izinyathelo ezihloswe ekulondolozeni izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane.

ERiphabhlikhi yaseKomi, umsebenzi walolu hlobo uqhutshwa kusukela kuma-80s. Ngo-1998, kwakhiwa iBook Red, ekhombisa zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingavamile nezingozi. I-periodicity yencwadi yayo iseneminyaka eyishumi. Izilwane zeBhuku Elilubomvu laseRiphabhlikhi yaseKomi zilinganiswa ngokwezinqubo eziyisithupha nezigaba eziveza isimo sezinhlobo zezilwane.

Indlela yokuhlola

• 0 - mhlawumbe iphela noma iphela, okungukuthi, ngaphambili yayihlala ensimini yeRiphabhulikhi, kodwa eminyakeni engu-100 noma engu-50 yokugcina (yezinambuzane ezingama-invertebrates nama-vertebrates, ngokulandelana) ubukhona babo abuqinisekisiwe.
• 1 - basengozini yokuqothulwa, okungukuthi, inani labo liwile ezingeni elibucayi kanye namathuba wokuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze angase aphele ngokuphelele.
• 2 - izinhlobo, inani lawo liyehla njalo.
• 3 - okungajwayelekile. Lezi zihlanganisa abantu, ama-subspecies, ahlala endaweni enqunyelwe ngabantu abancane ngokwemvelo.
• 4 - isimo esingachaziwe, okungukuthi, ukuthi ulwazi olwanele luqoqwe, kodwa, mhlawumbe, bangokwesinye sezigaba ezibalulwe.
• 5 - elula noma evuselelwe. Ama-microorganisms, izilwane nezitshalo zeBhuku eliBomvu leRiphabhliki yaseKomi, inani lalo eliseduze nomdwebo lapho bengadingi ukuvikelwa nokusizwa.

Amakhowe

Omunye wemibuso engaqondakali nentshisekelo yezesayensi yiMushroom. Okwamanje kufaka phakathi izigidi eziyinkulungwane nezilwane. Encwadini ethi Red Red of Komi imelelwa ukuhlukana okubili nezinhlobo ezingu-42. Kufaka:

• Umzila we-Autumnal - ukhula emahlathini e-coniferous, emahlathini amancane futhi ahlanganisiwe, awatholakali njalo ngonyaka, njengezibonelo ezithile emfuleni waseVychegda;
• Ikhanda le-Morocco - i-humus saprotroph, ayivamile, yodwa, ngezici eziningi ezifana nezinhlobo zangaphambili;
• Amafutha asemhlophe angakwazi (isithombe esingenhla) - asakazeke eRussia, kodwa ensimini kaKomi ayinqabile, isizathu esiyinhloko - ukubhujiswa kwezindawo zokukhula kwawo.

I-Algae

Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, hhayi izinyoni kuphela, izitshalo nezilwane ezivikelwe. Incwadi Elubomvu YeRiphablikhi yaseKomi iphinde ihlanganise nabameleli bezinto ezindala kunazo zonke ze-spore (algae) ezingaphansi kombuso wezitshalo eziphansi. Ingqikithi, kunezinhlobo ezine: umfula i-Lemaney, ipulazi ye-nostril, i-capilliform tolipella, ukuxhaphazwa okuvamile. Iyokuqala i-algae efana nekholomu, ifinyelela ku-4 cm usayizi. Uma ithathwa ngesilinganiso somhlaba, yilokho uhlobo lwezinto ezihlukahlukene, olusakazeke. Noma kunjalo, ku-Komi kuphela abantu abancane emifuleni nasemachibi ase-tundra.

Umfula i-Lemanea une-thallus enkulu kuze kufike ku-30 cm ubude, ngokuvamile elula, engaphansi kakhulu kwe-branched. Umbala othize: obomvu obomvu, obomvu, obomvu. Izinhlobo ezingavamile ze-alga ebomvu emhlabeni, ku-Komi kuphela abantu abangu-4 kuphela abatholakali. Okufanayo kungashiwo nge-tolypeel spiky, ekhula ngaphansi kwamachibi e-tundra. Izibalo nezinombolo zabo aziqondi kahle, kodwa zidinga ukuvikelwa, ngoba eRussia ikhula kuphela ku-tundra.

Izitshalo zeBhuku Elibomvu

Zonke izitshalo zeRiphabhulikhi yaseKomi zihlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-1158 zezitshalo (izicathulo), ezingaba ngu-1000 zingama-taiga zone kanye ne-500 kuya endaweni ye-tundra. I-dominion ingeyommeli wama-angiosperms. Inothi elikhethekile yizinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Isibonelo, umsedari wasePiberia wase-pine (isithombe), okubizwa ngephutha ngokuthi umsedari. Lesi sihlahla eside (34-35 m) sinomsindo wokusabalalisa futhi izimpilo, ngokusho kwemithombo ethile, kuze kufike eminyakeni engama-500, ihlonishwa ngokukhethekile ngamagciwane anezakhi eziwusizo. Ihlolwe ngokulandela umgomo wesibili, isizathu siwumlilo kanye nokungena ngamaphephandaba. Futhi encwadini yizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-sedge, amabhugs, i-bluegrass, iris irisiberia, i-violets, i-elm (ebushelelezi nekhwabanisa), njll.

Izilwane zasendle ezibhalwe eNcwadini Elubomvu ye-Komi Republic ziningi futhi zihlukahlukene, ngakho sizocabangela ikakhulukazi ekilasini ngalinye.

Isigaba senhlanzi

Izakhiwo ezinhle ze-republic ziye zaba yizinhlobo ezingu-44 zezinhlanzi zezinhlanzi. Izimo zezulu ezishisayo nenani elikhulu lemifula namachibi ziye zathola indima yokudoba njengomsebenzi wendabuko esifundeni. Lesi sici kuhlangene nokuzingela, ukungcola kwamachibi nemifula, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zensimu kwaholela ekunciphiseni kwenani lentengiso. Okulandelayo kusongelwa:

• I-Taimen iyinhlanzi evamile, ekhetha ukuhlala emifuleni ehlanzekile yasezintabeni nge-current speed. Esikhathini esidlule kwakukhona izilinganiso ezifika ku-70 kg, kodwa abantu bokugcina babanjwe babengaphezu kuka-4 kg. Lezi zingqinamba zeBhuku Elilubomvu laseRiphabhlikhi yaseKomi zincane ngenxa yenhlawulo encane yemvelo.
• I-sturgeon yaseSiberia - inhlanzi enkulu kakhulu kufike ku-1.5m ubude nesisindo esilinganisiwe sama-50 kg. Izilwane ezingavamile kakhulu ngenxa ye-poaching esebenzayo nokungcola kwamanzi.
• I-Nelma - inhlanzi enkulu yemifula, inkinga ikhona ekungcoliseni izizathu zokuzala kanye nezizathu zokudla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Arctic Arctic char, i-grayness yaseSiberia, ne-underground evamile ibhalwe encwadini.

Iziqubuzelayo, noma ama-Amphibians

Lezi zilwane zeBhuku Elilubomvu laseRiphabhliki yaseKomi libhekisela kuma-vertebrates okuqala, okuholela ekungeneni kwamanzi noma emanzini. Lesi sigaba simelelwa yizinhlobo ezimbili kuphela. Owokuqala ungumngane waseSiberia. Unomzimba obolwe futhi ojikelezayo onenhloko ebanzi futhi ephihliwe. Ubukhulu babantu abadala ngobude buka-11-15 cm. Izizathu zezinombolo zayo ezincane azifundele kancane, kepha ngokusho kolwazi oluthile lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nendawo yokuhlala. Uhlobo lwesibili luyi-red whisk whisk. Amphibia encane kuze kufike ku-5-6 cm ngesayizi nge-orange ekhanyayo noma ebomvu elibomvu elimbozwe ngamacwecwe aphuzi. Usongo lukhona ekungcoleni kwezindawo zokuhlala noma ukuguqulwa kwawo.

Izinyoni

ERiphabhulikhi yaseKomi 250 izinhlobo zezinyoni ezidlekeni. Phakathi kwabo, i-Red Data Book yesifunda ihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo: i-grebe enkulu nebomvu, i-euro- black-throated loon, i-bitty evamile neyomncane, i-small and swan-swan, i -Goose, i-Goose ebomvu, i-Goose White-fronted, i-Osprey, i- I-peregrine falcon, imbuzi yaseSiberia, i- grey crane, izigwaca, umhlanga, i-coot, i-corncrake, i-magpie-magpie, i-dopel, i-godparnee enkulu, i-owl owesikhumba, i-owl esimhlophe, i-grey, i-bearded ne-owl ende-tailed, i-owl eagle, i-common shrike ne-nightingale eminyene.

Incwadi Ebomvu YeRiphabhliki Komi (izilwane): uhlu lwezilwane ezincelisayo

Lezi zingqinamba ezihleliwe kakhulu, zibhekene nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi yesimiso sezinzwa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izimpendulo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezokuziphatha. ERiphabhlikhi kunezinhlobo ezingu-60 zezifuyo ezincelisayo, kanti ezinhlanu zibhekwa njengezingavamile futhi zingengozi.

• I-reindeer yizinhlobo ezifudukayo, zijwayele ukubhekana nengozi ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuzingela. Esikhathini eside kusukela abantu basePollar kubhekwa njengumthombo obalulekile wenyama nezinsiza.
• I-pika yaseNyakatho - isilwane esincane, ngobukhulu nokubukeka kufana nesilwane, kodwa ngomsila omfushane, izindlebe ezinde, umbala - ophuzi-ophuzi. Usongo lubangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zamazwe, okubhubhisa izindawo zokuhlala zesilwane.
• Kulolu hlu lwe "Izilwane Zencwadi Elubomvu YeRiphabhuliki YaseKhabhulikhi Komi" ibheji ifakiwe, nakuba kuvamile ngaphakathi kweRussian Federation. Ubukhulu obuncane babantu buhlotshaniswa nesisekelo sokudla esilinganiselwe, izimo ezimbi zezulu, ukuqothulwa kwabazingeli.
• I-European mink ihlala ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia, kodwa eKomi incane, izizathu aziwa, mhlawumbe ngenxa yezinguquko ezimweni zokuphila.
• Ubuningi obubomvu yi-bat encane, isizathu sokusakazeka okuncane kubusika obubandayo nokushiswa kwamahlathi.

Njengoba wazi, konke okusemhlabeni kulinganiselwe, kodwa ngaphansi kwethonya lomsebenzi womnotho, kungaba kalula ukuhambisa isiqondiso esingathandeki. Ngokuvamile, kodwa kukhona amacala nokuhlanekezela, lapho izilwane ezingavamile zeBhuku Elibomvu lakwaKomi Republic zibuyiselwe ngokwabo. Amahlathi ferret - isibonelo esiqondile salokhu. Yayibhalwe ohlwini lokuqala, kodwa manje isibalo sabantu sitholile futhi asibangeli ukwesaba kwabolwazi bezilwane, ngakho-ke isilwane asifakiwe ohlwini.