Ukujikeleza eMhlabeni uzungeza ilanga nalokho okukushoyo

Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo, ubukele Kulobo busuku obucwathile, abantu baye baqaphela ukuthi emini ilanga futhi isibhakabhaka ebusuku - cishe zonke izinkanyezi - ngezikhathi ukuphinda indlela yakhe. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi kukhona izizathu ezimbili eziholela kulesi simo. Noma kukhona Ukujikeleza eMhlabeni uzungeza ilanga ku ngemuva kwesibhakabhaka namanje anezinkanyezi noma ezulwini lumayelana Earth. Klavdiy Ptolemey, umsekeli odumile lasendulo ngesiGreki isazi sezinkanyezi, usosayensi nesazi sokuma komhlaba, njengoba yanquma lolu daba ngokubenza bakholelwe bonke ezigxile ilanga nesibhakabhaka Umhlaba umile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uhlelo geocentric abakwazanga ukukuchaza imihlola eziningi zokuhamba kwezinkanyezi, ukuze siphile ngayo.

Heliocentric uhlelo lefanako lesezingeni enye inguqulo, iwine ukuqashelwa yayo emzabalazweni eside futhi okukhulu. Abafile esigxotsheni Dzhordano Bruno, uGalileo neyaziwayo asebebadala "nokufaneleka" ka Zamacala Ezihlubuki zangeNkathi Ephakathi, kodwa "... kodwa ke akusho ukuhambisa!"

Namuhla, Ukujikeleza eMhlabeni uzungeza ilanga ubhekwa zigunyazwe ngokuphelele. Ikakhulukazi, ukuhamba orbit iplanethi yethu eduze kwelanga wazibonakalisa wayephazamisekile ka kwezinkanyezi kanye shift Parallax ngezikhawu unyaka owodwa. Namuhla kutholakala ukuthi lesi siqondiso ujikeleza eMhlabeni, ngokunembile, barycenter yayo, umzila wokuzungeza kuvumelana isiqondiso ujikeleza mayelana eksisi, isb uya kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga.

Kukhona amaqiniso amaningi okubonisa ukuthi Earth ihamba emkhathini ngendlela orbit eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuzungelezisa Zomhlaba uzungeza ilanga ephelezelwa ukuhamba kwayo emhlabeni ahlangene precession futhi nutation oscillations indiza okusheshayo nge kwelanga endaweni Kuvunguza ngaphakathi Galaxy, nakho akuyona esikhundleni.

Ukuzungelezisa Zomhlaba uzungeza ilanga, kanye namanye amaplanethi, kwelula i orbit okweqanda. Ngakho, kanye ngonyaka, ngo-January 3, ezweni itholakala eduze Sun, futhi kanye, ngo-July 5 esuswa ku ibanga elide kakhulu. Umehluko phakathi perihelion (izigidi ezingu-147 km.) Futhi aphelion (152 million. Km), uma kuqhathaniswa ibanga ukusuka elangeni ukuze umhlaba lincane kakhulu.

Ukuhambisa eduze orbit eduze kwelanga, iplanethi yethu yenzani 30 km ngomzuzwana, nokuvukela eMhlabeni uzungeza ilanga usuphothuliwe ngaphakathi 365 d 6 h It - .. okuthiwa sidereal noma ngonyaka sidereal. Ukuze kube lula kwenta ubhekwa izinsuku ezingu-365 ngonyaka. "Futhi," 6:00 4 iminyaka ema-awa 24, kusekhona ngosuku olulodwa. Laba-ke (safika sigijima, extra) usuku bese yengezwa Februwari njalo eminyakeni 4. Ngakho-ke, ekhalendeni lethu iminyaka engu-3 zihlanganisa izinsuku ezingu-365 kanye ngonyaka eqa - Kwathi ngomnyaka wesine iqukethe izinsuku ezingu-366.

ukutsheka komhlaba siqu ujikeleza uthambekele indiza esemkhathini at 66,5 °. Kule ndaba, phakathi nonyaka yelanga siwela phezu kwanoma iyiphi zonke iphuzu komhlaba ngaphansi Institute engeli inkinga yayisenhliziyweni. Ngakho, ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene iphuzu ngonyaka ezahlukene ama- kukhona ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani elehlukile ukukhanya nokushisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele, zonyaka kukhona ngqo libizwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, unyaka wonke imisebe kwelanga enkabazwe kuwele phansi ngesikhathi engela efanayo, ngakho zonyaka kukhona ukuhluka nomunye.

Ngo ehlobo ngenjikalanga ahlangene Earth ibhekene ukuphela kwayo enyakatho Sun, imisebe yalo iwe perpendicularly ngaphezu kobubanzi 23,5 °. Ngakho-ke, kusukela yenkabazwe ukuze 66,5 °, usuku lube eside ngobusuku obubodwa. Ukuze enyakatho latitude ka 66,5 ° kuwufanele usuku polar.