Kuyini a Symbiosis of theory kanye classical izibonelo

Njalo abadala uyakhumbula esikoleni biology Yiqiniso, ukuthi Symbiosis ezinjalo. Noma okungenani wezwa izwi. Nokho, akubona bonke uyazi ukuthi ezivamile isibonelo Symbiosis kuyinto ambalwa abantu - acidosis acid amagciwane. Eqinisweni, Symbiosis - yiliphi uhlobo ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ezimbili eziphilayo kufanele genotypes ezahlukene kanye proiskhozhdzhenie which they babambisane akhona njengoba uhlelo olulodwa. Kodwa-ke ungayididanisi nge Symbiosis of parasitism, njengoba ngokuvamile kwenzeka.

Emvelweni, zikhona lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo Symbiosis: i parasitism eziphawulwe ngenhla okunzima (uhlobo ubuhlobo ukuthi ulusizo oyedwa, futhi kulimaze omunye), i-mutualism (Ubuhlobo letihlomulisa) commensalism (Ubuhlobo inenzuzo omunye umlingani qakala kolunye), kanye amensalizm (ubudlelwano ukuthi ziyingozi uhlangothi futhi ngabandayo yesibili). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-isayensi yesimanje ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa symbiogenesis noma endosymbiosis elimelela Symbiosis intracellular, eyodwa ngaphakathi kwenye amaseli eziphilayo. Organisms zisebuhlotsheni iqala ubuhlobo bokubambisana, ngokuthi eziphila.

Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi yini Symbiosis, kuba okokuqala kudingekile ukuba sicabangele owokuqala ezakheke, okungukuthi symbiogenesis. Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi solwazi organelle mitochondria futhi plastids ubukade ahlukene nezilwanyana ezincane lasendulo: i-mitochondria babe amagciwane prokaryotic futhi plastids - bacterium Autotrophic ukuthi kuphendule ngaphakathi elula amaseli eukaryotic. Ekuqaleni kwalo kwaba Symbiosis eyinqaba mutualism uhlobo, ie ubuhlobo letihlomulisa. Khona-ke, la magciwane iyahlanganiswa ukuze steel isakhiwo ebumbeneko, ukuthi ekugcineni wanamathela zofuzo.

Ngu isimiso esifanayo kuyakhiwa kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo ubudlelwano iqala ubuhlobo bokubambisana. Indlela elula ukucabanga ukuthi Symbiosis enjalo, isibonelo zakudala ulele. Lolu hlobo ubudlelwane kufanele ubhekwe njengelungiselelo mutualism, njengoba ukhunta ithola kusukela cyanobacteria izakhi kwemiqondo kakhulu yinzondo nobugovu, futhi, sekudala bacterium izimo ezikahle kwemvelo, ukuvikela kusuka omiswe, emisebeni yelanga nezinye izinto kwezemvelo okunomthelela omubi kakhulu, kodwa futhi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba khona substrate nokuba esidi pH ukuphendula.

Parasitism - njengoba uhlobo Symbiosis. Isibonelo Classic of it abhekwa wonke amanxusa eukaryotic ezithathelwanayo, kuhlanganise nesikhunta. Kulezi zici amagciwane uhlala emzimbeni umninikhaya sika, odla nemithombo yawo. Hlukanisa baphoqwe (DC) futhi ozikhethela (gqwa) parasitism. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa amagciwane, neyesibili - izintwala, izimpethu, kanye nabanye.

Isibonelo mutualism kuyinto pair of the microflora oshiwo ngenhla indoda-emathunjini.

Njengengxenye commensalism ukuhlukanisa subtypes eziningi: zoochory (ukusatshalaliswa izingxenye izitshalo ukuthi ukukhonza zokugaya, usebenzisa izilwane) - kuthiwa izinyoni ukudla imbewu noma bethwele kubo ngemilenze), sinoykiya (ukusetshenziswa umzimba owodwa yokuhlala omunye ngaphandle kokulimaza kuqala, isibonelo, inhlanzi, eziyizimbangela e amagobolondo ka-molluscs). Hhayi kudidaniswe Inquiline - usebenzisa ekhaya aphethe lapho kubhujiswa lesi samuva isibonelo, izinambuzane, izibungu otklydyvayuschie e silwanyana amagobolondo noma Gauls, ngenkathi kokubhubhisa aphethe.

Isibonelo esivame kakhulu ubuhlobo amensalizma ukhuni moss, okuyinto lukhula ngaphansi. Moss ihlangabezana umphumela ongemuhle Symbiosis enjalo (yokuntula ukukhanya, umsoco, amanzi, njll), Futhi isihlahla ukunakekelwa.

Ngakho, ngosizo izibonelo elula futhi okuphawuleka zizobonisa yini Symbiosis, hhayi kudidaniswe commensalism mutualism futhi parasitism.