Ukuhlaziywa olunzulu umbhalo: isibonelo. Umbhalo Ukuhlaziywa Hlela: umbhali, isihloko, isitayela, futhi ingqikithi

amazinga State imfundvo amanyuvesi ezibhekiswe othisha esizayo ezincwadi zihlolisisa isimo kombhalo. Izibonelo isidingo ngoba lezo zinqubo kungenziwa ekhonjiwe. Empeleni, kwenye iqoqo nesayensi ukufunda isiko kubantu ngokusebenzisa ulimi futhi umsebenzi wokubhala, ngeke akwenze ngaphandle kolimi, njengoba nje ingaba njengendlela yokuthola semibhalo zamakhono, futhi ngokuyisisekelo onguchwepheshe ezimbili ithrekhi - ulimi Russian nezincwadi. Kolimi uqobo wazalwa ngo ekufundzeni ematheksthi futhi kuze kube namuhla, igatsha elilodwa ulwazi ngazo.

Ukuhlaziywa: izinkomba ezimbili

Lezi zikhombisi sasivumela ezizimele kanye cabangela imibhalo ngaphansi engela ahlukene ngokuphelele - tetemibhalo namalimi wemiphakathi. Icala lokuqala uhlola uhlobo sokusebenzisana umsebenzi, s'jabule, umqondo, uhlelo isithombe, ukwakheka kanye ngokucacile of chronotope. Eyesibili uhlola umbhalo ngekusho kwelulwimi, akhe izindlela kwezobuciko, imizila (epithets, izingathekiso), ngeshwa, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokubheka okuqukethwe futhi ngaphandle kuvisisa imisebenzi kuphela njengendlela umhlobiso, ekusizeni ngokukhanyisa speak kumbhali. ongaziwa nakakhulu ukubukeka tiered ukuhlaziya umbhalo abafundi nabafundi, lapho yabhubhisa khona ubuqotho umkhiqizo kanye nombono zayo yobuhle, futhi zonke ukubulawa kwezobuciko nje zihlolisisa isimo kombhalo.

Isibonelo: "Ingabe ikondlo buviyoviyo ezacile, kanye nesakhiwo syntax ku inani umsindo pentameter Tetrameters lapho ukucindezeleka ewela zonke 2nd, 4th, 6th kanye amaqoqo ezinhlamvu 10, ngemuva ngamunye sesine - the okubeka obala ikhefu isikhathi eside." Vele uqhubeke: silulumagama, amafonethiki, morphology, izikhathi yesitayela-syntax ... Futhi konke ngekondlo emangalisayo inhliziyo "nginithandile." Lokho umphefumulo uhlala emva ukubuyekeza enjalo, hhayi umphefumulo lizokuya liphola izinkondlo? Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba inhlanganisela ivumelane yezilimi, etemibhalo kwamasiko-zomlando esibandakanya zihlolisisa isimo kombhalo philological. ISIBONELO incazelo kufanele kuholele ukuqonda, ukhiqize yi ezithile. Okokuqala, kuvela kule ndawo kwamthinta ngokujulile subjective ngemva kokufunda ke ekuguquleni nakho ekuqondeni indlela isigijimi kombhali. Kulapho ulwazi lwangempela. Uma, e iambic, lwazi yanda, lokhu kwaba konke ngeze mnogoumny zihlolisisa kombhalo. Isibonelo ukwehluleka afinyelele nemigomo - zingekho.

Ifomu kanye nokuqukethwe

Dialectic ubunye engenakususwa ifomu kanye nokuqukethwe ubuciko umbhalo, futhi kuncikene, futhi ngenxa yobuhle ukulungisiswa lomqondo theory libhekene ukuhlaziywa philological. Uhlaziyo temibhalo ihamba kusukela okuqukethwe ukwakha, imizimba ke, wembula amaqiniso athile. Kwesinye ngombono, futhi ucwaningo kungenziwa explicated ngu ezakheke phambili ukuqonda okuqukethwe. Indlela yokuqala kungaba yingozi emagama okuqukethwe futhi kakhulu we luhlangotsi, owakhe isidleke sakho phakathi ukuhlaziya, kusukela umbhalo afune isiqiniseko sama izibikezelo zakhe siqu, futhi ulimi namathuluzi kwakhona nje engokomfanekiso yokuthi uyimbudane. Kusukela ifomu kokuqukethwe - indlela enengqondo kakhudlwana. Epithets, izingathekiso nezinye emizileni atholakala inqubo ezihambayo, kungani amazwi akhethwe ezithile, indlela axhunyiwe, okuyinto ezwakala isakhiwo kanye namafomu kolimi, indlela engasho lutho kugxila yomfundi - futhi ukuthi ihlangana kanjani ku-NDP. Ngakho-ke acacisa umqondo umbhali, isimo sakhe sengqondo. Kuphela ifomu ungaguqula okuqukethwe okushiwo. Pushkin sika "Ngiyakuthanda" kungenziwa ayifake ukuma ehlukile, bese magic uzonyamalala.

Le ndlela kakhulu kwandisa yezingxenye lucebe futhi semantic ka temibhalo. Ngokuvamile-ke kubhekwa nhlobo yizicucu: "Cacisa isihloko umbhalo", "Kuphi futhi kanjani umbhalo kwakheka umzila?", "Kuphi umbhali uyavuma ukuphambuka kusuka imithetho ulimi jikelele futhi kungani?" nokunye. Futhi lokhu kuholela yokuthi umbhalo lendwangu idabukile khumuza ngokoqobo inhloso, indaba isizinda, kuleso simo full, ngo-ejulile futhi ukuhlaziywa okuphelele akukuniki kombhali umbhalo kuvisisa. Kodwa uma esikhundleni "ukunquma isihloko umbhalo" ukucela incazelo Ukwakheka semantic, inqubo izohamba ekusakazeni olulodwa, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ukunqunywa izindikimba lyrical - inselele impela, uma kungekhona kubonelelwe ukuhlaziya, isibonelo, inkondlo umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama yayo eqondile. Ukuphimisela musa shift uma ezikhonjwe amaketanga semantic ukuthi ukhiqize ubudlelwano kanye nokuxhumana lapho kokubili yayiyobizwa abaqhubeke omunye "kwamanzi," incazelo entsha. Ukunakekela engasho lutho umbhalo unezela obala, okuyinto enomthelela nokujula kokuqonda.

esikoleni

Ukuze abafundi yokuhlaziya umbhalo umqondo kufanele washayelwa ngamafuphi, ngamafuphi futhi lihlaba esikhonkosini, ukuhlaziya kumele kube ngokuyinhloko okunenjongo okuhloswe ngaso ukuqonda, ngomqondo - "igxathu negxathu". Nanoma umsebenzi umbhalo okufanele kwenziwe ngokuphumelelayo, kuba umbhalo wobuciko noma lesibonwa. Zonke izinhlobo imibhalo ngokoqobo uhlupho umuntu wesimanje, ikakhulukazi umfundi: ukukhangisa emgwaqweni ku-TV, umsakazo, amaphephandaba, omagazini, amaphepha, imibiko, imibhalo yesayensi ubuciko, ngisho i-SMS noma ukuphawula kwabo okubhaliwe ngoMthethosivivinywa izinkundla ku-intanethi. Sekube kwakuzothutheleka ematheksthi elwati kwamandla okukhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuqala Kudingeka ukuba sonke sifunde ongakhetha kuzo lokhu ulwandle kuphela eyigugu kakhulu, amahle okumnandi. umbhalo lesibonwa namuhla iphesenti elikhulu uyaca ingqikithi ulwazi, ngakho-ke ukuhlaziya yayo esibanzi kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuze abafundi ngale ndlela akuzona kuphela amakhono nokuzimisela ifomu kwezinsiza ngokolimi, kodwa kuqala kunazo zonke - ukubaluleka yobuhle lo mbhalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu ekilasini, abafundi ukufunda imiklamo ikakhulukazi zakudala, yenza iplani yombhalo ukuhlaziywa, inkulumo futhi uchaze umsuka izithombe, bese wenza umbhalo onjalo lakhe - by Isifaniso, ngaleyo ndlela ekwandiseni inqolobane yamagama, ukufunda izitayela ezahlukene inkulumo ngoba ezihlukahlukene zokuphila nezimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto ukusula nesidingo sokutadisha amafonethiki, lolimi, morphemics kanye nazo zonke ezinye amagatsha yesayensi ngokolimi ikhono ekucabangayo nokuveza baqonde nomunye. Ukusebenza abafundi iqhutshwa izigaba, ekupheleni kwesigaba test ngalinye esiqhutshwa ngencwadi ebhalwe phansi noma iphrojekthi zokudala. Into esemqoka ngale ndlela - ukusiza abafundi ukuthola indlela yokusesha, ngayiphi injongo namasu ekhethekile lapho kutadishwa umbhalo. Kufika ukuluthwa ezithile - high - indlela yokuxhumana, abafundi bafunde ukulalela, okubeka imibuzo futhi ukuphendula ngokucacile.

Indlela Hlela umbhalo ukuhlaziywa

Umbhalo ukuhlaziya kubhekwa emazingeni ahlukene, ukuze abo ingahluka ngokukhululekile ngempela futhi ukubuza imininingwane yalolu endabeni ethile. Kodwa noma kunjalo kubalulekile uzulazule izici eziyinhloko umbhalo, uhlobo inkulumo nezitayela yayo. Ukuze kuphakanyiswa kuqala ukunquma amapharamitha alandelayo.

• Thayipha umbhalo kwenkulumo.
• Ukwakheka, kukhombisa isibalo amayunithi semantic futhi microtia kuzo.
• Umhlobo isixhumanisi embhalweni - ukuxhumanisa parallel noma iketanga.
• What means ixhumana kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama.
• Isitayela inkulumo umbhalo - lesibonwa, ethandwa yesayensi, isikhulu ibhizinisi, ubuciko, ingxoxo, ezijatshulelwa nombhali embhalweni.
• Isihloko umbhalo nalokho ulimi kusho enikeziwe ngobunye bayo.
• Umqondo oyinhloko (abanye abantu babhekwe njengabezinye) umbhalo.

izinkondlo nezici zendlela yokubhala futhi uhlobo

umbhalo Scientific kuyehluka kuneminye isethulo logic, generalized, yamandla, izincazelo ezinembile zokubukwa logic. A ezahlukene kancane kusuka isayensi umbhalo wakhe ethandwa. Isibonelo zingatholakala kunoma iyiphi esavela ephephabhukwini lesayensi i, lapho lokhu noma lokhuya umqondo noma ukutholakala ukuwudlulisela anhlobonhlobo abafundi, okusho ukuthi umbhalo kufanele kube mnandi futhi kulula bezibona. Futhi lapha isebenza isitayela ezesayensi noma lesibonwa, noma ubuciko. Lesibonwa efanayo - etholakalayo, ugqozi, ukushaya, ngokomzwelo, otsenochen, izithombe, kanye okunengqondo. umbhalo yobuciko kuyahluka asinazo izithombe eliphezulu futhi bekholelwa kulokho ulimi izindlela - ingcaca futhi ekhululekile. Ubunjalo umbhalo esemthethweni-ibhizinisi akuyona siqu, eklanyelwe, eqinile, ne magama ngqo, zifane, stereotypical eyakhelwe. umbhalo okhulunyiwe libonisa an informal futhi ekhululekile, ngokuphinda yetemlomo wokuxhumana lengakalungiselelwa.

Isayensi umbhalo ezitholakala izincwadi namajenali, ama-encyclopedia izichazamazwi, zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele, iziphakamiso. izinhlobo ezimbili ngokwako ihlanganyela ethandwa isayensi umbhalo, isibonelo zingatholakala kunoma iyiphi magazini enikelwe isikhala, ubuchwepheshe kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Ngu ngokunemba kanye logic zokubukwa yesayensi unamathele ngokuvamile iningi polemical ukufinyeleleka yayo futhi isithombe. umbhalo lesibonwa sici senkinga indzabambhalo, okuyinto kuphakamisa inkinga ngalokho okushiwo kwezenhlalo kanye ekuhlaziyweni izindlela ukuxazulula le nkinga, kuba indaba emfushane portrait, okwambula ukuhlonza ukuthi umuntu othile, indaba travel ngemidwebo nemvelo, ukuphila nokuhamba nakho, kungaba inothi ephephandabeni noma sihloko. umbhalo yobuciko uvezwa ehlukahlukene - inkondlo lyric, indaba, umzekeliso, kungase insalela inoveli noma indaba. Esemthethweni umbhalo ibhizinisi sithola izicelo, amamemo namanothi achazayo, autobiographies, amandla ommeli, nezimemezelo. Ngezansi sizokubonisa ngokuningiliziwe umehluko phakathi kwalezi izitayela.

Esebenzisa inkulumo isitayela

Ngo umbhalo yesayensi, isici sobuntu isitayela kuyizimbangela elandelayo: amagama asetshenziswa kuphela ngomunye umqondo, abathathi hlangothi, ezivamile, ngokuvamile yesayensi (njengesifaniso segciwane, imininingwane, amandla, njll ...), Ngokuvamile okuphindaphindiwe angukhiye umbhalo, amathuluzi ezimise bengekho. umbhalo lesibonwa - Ngokuyinhloko silulumagama kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe, elimelela umqondo yokuziphatha, imithi, izimiso zokuziphatha, zokusebenza kwengqondo, ezomnotho nokunye. Futhi journalism yavama izindlela ukuthonya imizwelo yabantu - ukufana syntactic epithets, ukuqhathanisa, ukuphindaphinda lucebe, ukushiyana kwezidalwa, amazwi nezaga, izingcaphuno tetemibhalo, amahlaya, ukubhinqa, indida, nokunye.

Letinye tinhlobo temibhalo eyabhalwa okusezingeni eliphezulu isitayela senkondlo. Kube owandile incwadi silulumagama, lapho hhayi kuphela izifenqo elisetshenziswe embhalweni, ubuciko isitayela imbues wakhe lomdabu, ulimi lwesigodi, imikhuba professional kanye ibhizinisi lathathwa isitayela lesibonwa Emagama kuyahambisana, bomcondvophika, staroslavyanizmy futhi archaisms, neologisms. Esemthethweni ibhizinisi isitayela inzuzo esezingeni, amagama akhethekile, collocations nokuntula okuqukethwe ngokomzwelo.

ekhululekile morphology izindlela

Ngo isitayela yesayensi yibona ngokuvamile emabito okungenabulili (imfundo, impahla), emabito ngamazwi futhi tento ngokwencazelo yaleli generalized noma ukuphazanyiswa (inkinga wukuthi kuholela zifana, nokunye okunjalo), ifomu asetshenziswa kabanzi uhlobo tento abangaphelele azisetshenziswa namazwi edidayo embhalweni, kodwa eziningi third-umuntu izabizwana. Umbhalo lesibonwa iqukethe tento eziningi kuphoqelekile futhi ukubuya, wayevame ukusebenzisa ibizo kule genitive njengoba izincazelo lingahambisani (amazwe non-CIS, izwi zomhlaba, njalo njalo).

umbhalo yobuciko kuyahluka ukugcwaliswa tento ngoba umfutho futhi dynamism of action, wasebenzisa Verbless, Lwezinhlelo ze-non-siqu futhi ezingaphelelwa isikhathi ukunika khona sanyalo, lenqwaba amasakramente zencazelo lento okwenyanga kanye nezici zayo the Dynamics amacala nezigaba ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa inkulumo (nge ablative - olunothile, ezifana ukucula Nightingale) esetshenziswa tiphawulo esifushane, isabizwana nanini kuze umcimbi ezikude, futhi siqu futhi sebuniyo azijabulise ukudluliswa vannosti noma ubuqotho. isitayela Esemthethweni-ibhizinisi usebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene lokwakha umbhalo. It ayikuvumeli izinhlobo tento kanye izabizwana zoqobo lomuntu lokuqala nelesibili, futhi umuntu wesithathu zizwakala enanini esingachaziwe. emabitogcogca, asetshenziswa amakhodi nezimiso wabeka tento imperfective, futhi kubhalwe njengoba kunjalo emaminithini - ephelele.

Esebenzisa inkulumo-syntax

Ngo umbhalo yesayensi, kuhlelwa kwemagama iqonde, eziningi imisho engeyena umuntu ongokoqobo ngalokwanele-siqu, eziningi imisho lemagalagala, wayevame ukusebenzisa esithi ngamazwi ibinzana participial, ibinzana kabanzi lisetshenziswe kunjalo genitive, nge Ibizo plus ibizo. Embhalweni lesibonwa ivame ukuhlotshaniswa a semantic ngentambo isiqalo nesiphetho umbhalo ngokusebenzisa amagama eyohlobo, Amazwi okuvula nemisho abathintekayo nangamazwi esithi amabinzana, ngokuvamile imisho lemagalagala. Futhi kusho lukhulu lapha kanye isihloko sombhalo.

Esemthethweni-ibhizinisi isitayela umbhalo unika ubunjalo ngenxa kuyinkimbinkimbi imisho elula nge ematfuba ahlukene namalungu eyohlobo. A temibhalo ingaqukatha iziphakamiso kanye interrogative futhi yisibabazo, futhi indaba elandiswayo, zingaba amathuluzi ephelele futhi akuphelele, eyodwa isiqeshana futhi multi-piece. Lapha nenkululeko ephelele kukhethwa esebenzisa ezibukwayo futhi ekhululekile.

Ukuhlaziya wobuciko

Uhlaziyo is best kwenziwa uhlelo ocacile ukumambula ngokugcwele isithembiso kombhali ka kulo msebenzi.

• Qala ukhululekile kakhulu nomlando wendalo.
• Endleleni ukuletha ulwazi mayelana nesenzakalo themes nemibono. Kusuka lapha ungakwazi ukuqala ukuhlaziya izinkinga.
• Landelayo kuyinto ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo neludvweshu, kuvetwa kwengoma.
• ukubandakanya Uhlobo.
• Heroes - ezinkulu nezincane, indima yabo eyinhloko.
• Izici Ulimi: silulumagama, amafonethiki, morphology,-syntax.
• amathuluzi Visual futhi esebenzisa inkulumo, indima yabo futhi indlela isicelo.
• Usayizi, isigqi strofika uma le nkondlo.
• Sebenza sisonke kanye nendzima yayo emhlabeni nezincwadi Russian.
• Okuphoqelekile sokuzihlola komfundi.

Mthetho ecebeni - isinqumo esifanele, ikakhulukazi uma umgomo - ukufundisa abafundi ukuqonda wobuciko e yobuhle bayo, ubunye semantic nangokokuziphatha.

Ngo ekolishi

Abafundi-Philologists eduze ku yezilimi, ngakhoke ukuhlaziya umbhalo oluphelele ngabo akuyona inkinga. Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza amazwana ngokolimi ukusiza ukulungiselela uhlaziyo kolimi. Izinhloso ukuhlaziywa zezilimi kungase kungabi ekufundzeni ematheksthi etemibhalo, ingaba yimuphi uhlobo nezitayela. Injongo yokuhlaziya kwezilimi ematheksthi langemaciniso futhi phakathi kwezinye izinto eziningi, ukutadisha inhlangano ulimi, ngoba kuyindlela yokukhuluma kanye nokuqukethwe umsebenzi. Emkhakheni wezingalo umbono zonke amazinga olimi kusho - futhi syntactic kanye morphological, futhi lucebe futhi ifonotiki.

Yiqiniso, ukunaka komfundi kufanele lapha igxila ngokuyinhloko ngiko lokubalulekile endaweni pragmatic futhi wokufihla kusho kolimi, futhi-ke, lucebe - isimiso kuqala, njengoba izwi kunoma yimuphi umbhalo unikezwa indima ekhethekile zokuphaka incazelo semantic. Abafundi bajwayelene ukwenza ngokuzimela ekucwaningweni kolimi, wazi ukuthi udinga ukuphendula ngokulandelana ngokuyinhloko imibuzo elandelayo.

• Yini lo mbhalo, lokho yisihloko salo?
• Ingabe inkinga owaphakanyiswa lombhalo, kuba omunye noma eziningana zazo? Uhlu.
• enza umbhali uyayixazulula inkinga ukuthi uyakuzwa imibuzo, unasiphi isikhundla kanjani?
• Yini sitayela amasu ngokolimi esetshenziswa umbhali lokuveza isikhundla sakhe futhi sengqondo maqondana nokuma inkinga?
• Siyini isimo yomfundi maqondana yangasese ezibangelwa inkinga nombhali, kungakhathaliseki isikhundla lihlukile umbhali?

izindlela ulimi

imibhalo ihlaziye ingaqukatha zonke izinhlobo zamathuluzi ulimi, kuhlanganise lucebe, morphological, syntactic, ifonotiki, futhi uhlu kuqhubeka. Nokho, ngokuyinhloko kubalulekile ukuchaza.

• izindlela lucebe: ukusetshenziswa bomcondvofana kanye nabomcondvophika, amazwi zesimo ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, phraseology, silulumagama egqamile - silulumagama ngokomfanekiso noma ngokomzwelo ezinemibala stylistically - okusezingeni eliphezulu, ongaphakeme, noma encwadini, okuxoxa, Slavonicisms, archaisms nokunye okunjalo. Lapha kubalulekile ukusho khona tropes - epithets, ukuqhathanisa, tifanisongco, tiga tenkhulumo, synecdoche, ihaba, litotes, abalingiswa ngokumangalisayo, ngoba umzila ngamunye wabo obusebenzayo siqu kanye nendima yabo nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu.
• I amafonethiki ebaluleke kakhulu - iyona sifanamsindvo, sifanankhamisa (ukuphindaphinda onkamisa nongwaqa).
• Esikhathini morphology kwezimali zabo, okuyinto ziningi futhi ngeke ube okubaliwe ephelele. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuchichima tento noma emabito unika Dynamics umbhalo, kodwa uma eziningi tiphawulo, ukufunda isigqi kubambezela ngokucacile, izinhlayiya kahle ashumekiwe utibone ukunikeza umbhalo umuzwa omkhulu nokunye.
• Syntax futhi izibalo syntactic --insimu enkulu elungele kukhethwa izindlela yokukhuluma. Lokhu bheka ukwakhiwa kwemisho, kanye nosayizi. Ngokusho isakhiwo inikeza elula eziyinkimbinkimbi letihloniphekile, nokuba khona amalungu ezincane, ngokuvumelana umsebenzi wabo nokunye. Syntactic izibalo kungenzeka kanje: ukuphindaphinda noma ukugcizelela kwenye ngezwi elifanayo, epiphora futhi anaphora, syntactic ukufana amalunga omzimba - igama noma isisho okufanayo ekupheleni ibinzana ekuqaleni eyalandela, ukuphinda bondzaweni netihlanganiso njengoba amancane futhi ukuphinda yonke le-syntax njengoba esiphezulu , iziqu - oluqinisayo noma buthakathaka umuzwa noma ukubaluleka obungokomzwelo inqubo yokwenza iqembu ngenhloso amazwi noma yonke izakhiwo, kombhala - engavamile izwi oda, upholavuthondaba - umahluko omkhulu okhona phakathi yavl Nij noma imiqondo, ubuza umbuzo ongafuni mpendulo noma isibabazo - akudingi impendulo, kodwa umzwelo iyanda.

Afterword

Ukuhlaziya umsebenzi yobuciko, umfundi, isimiso, kuphela aphendvule imibuto lemibili: "Yini?" futhi "kanjani?", lapho kuqala - lokhu akulona nje kumagazini i-umkhiqizo owodwa nazo zonke izinkinga zako, kodwa endaweni yayo ngokomongo etemibhalo zomlando. Kodwa Ludzaba lwesibili kakade yonke art uhlelo, ke lifana mhlaba organic kwezobuciko, zonke izingxenye okuyinto uhlala kulo lonke futhi sithole amandla emthonjeni ofanayo.

Deep ukuhlaziywa ezimele ematheksthi etemibhalo ubonakala uhlelo uphawu, ngawo wadala nangokusetshenziswa nelwatinchanti lwabo injabulo enkulu okuqonda nezindlela wokubona, okwamsiza ukwakha umbhalo wobuciko. Hlaziya izwi enkosini imidlalo okuthakazelisayo, futhi ngoba kulula kakhulu ukufundisa abafundi abasha, akazange ayeke ukudlala kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe.