Ubulili nobudala isakhiwo labantu Russia

Ubulili nobudala isakhiwo labantu eRussia esimisweni lapho izakhamuzi zihlukaniswe ngezigaba esekelwe inani leminyaka wahlala kanye nesazisi ubulili. Lokhu kuthonywa imininingwane yokuzalana nokuthuthela kwamanye amazwe izinqubo. Sabe cabanga ethile yobudala kanye ocansini isakhiwo sabantu yeRussia.

Uhlolojikelele

Ubulili isakhiwo sabantu ihlukaniselwe abesilisa nabesifazane. Ngokuvamile, inani iplanethi kuqala manje. Empeleni lesi sibalo ibangelwa amazwe ase-Asia. akhawunti Bona 1 042 amadoda kuyo yonke abesifazane ayizinkulungwane. Okuphambene isimo e-Europe. isakhiwo Age isimiso ekulinganisweni kwabantu ngenani leminyaka wahlala yibo. Isetshenziselwa yokulinganisa ezihlukahlukene ngeengaba. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo yamaShayina yasendulo inike abantu:

1. Young - kuze kube iminyaka engu-20.
2. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-umshado --30 amalitha.
3. Ingabe inkathi nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi yomphakathi - kuze kube iminyaka engu-40.
4. Ngo engu wolwazi amaphutha akhe - kufika ku-50 amalitha.
5. Labo zinyanga inkathi yokudala - kuze kube iminyaka engama-60.
6. Umnyaka oyifunayo - kufika ku-70 amalitha.
7. Old - ngemva kweminyaka engu-70.

Izici ubulili nobudala isakhiwo sabantu

izinkomba Ekhona zibangelwa izinqubo zemvelo, kwezomnotho, kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe. Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi ngiyafakaza okukhulu ukuguga sabantu. Ngo oyiyo zaqala ukuvela e inani labantu abadala. Ngokusho ngezigaba UN, izwe, okuyinto siye ku 7% walabo engaphezu kwengu-65 Lapho lonke inani lalabo izakhamuzi ekhaya, kubhekwa ubudala. lwaphuka ngobulili nobudala isakhiwo sabantu phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Okwamanje, ukungalingani ngezinga elithile esehlelembe futhi azibonakali kuphela amaqembu ehlanganisa izakhamuzi abaneminyaka engama-70. Isilinganiso ngendlela abesifazane namadoda athile namuhla 53% kuya ku-47% ngokulandelana. Lezi ukungafani abe nomthelela omubi inqubo zokuzala, kuphazamise ekudalweni evamile zemindeni.

territorially

Ubulili nobudala isakhiwo sabantu ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni uhlukile ebonwe emizaneni. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa izibalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni inani lamadoda ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-25, ngaphezu kwabesifazane beminyaka yobudala efanayo. Kuhlukile emaphandleni. Kukhona amadoda ngaphezu kwabesifazane wonke amaqembu kuka-50 Lokhu kungenxa Ingxenye ngokuyinhloko okusezingeni eliphezulu yokudlanga wale mithandazo esemncane uhlu labantu kufuduka kusuka ezindaweni zasemakhaya ngokugcwala phakathi neminyaka post-yimpi. Emaqenjini amadala, isibalo sabesifazane kunalaba amadoda. Kule nkathi kukhona nokwanda lokhu kungalingani. Abesilisa abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-70 emzini 2.3 2.5 ezindaweni zasemakhaya lingaphansi kuka abesifazane.

imibhoshongo

Ubulili nobudala isakhiwo sabantu bafundelwa Dynamics. Kuze kube yimanje, kwakhiwa mbhoshongo okuthiwa. Cabanga imininingwane ukwakhiwa zabo:

1. I-axis emile kuboniswe ngophawu yobudala: esalisekela, iqembu oneminyaka eyishumi five- noma.
2. Isibalo izigaba uboniswa ngendlela calandze. Basuke ngokufanele ngenhla kwesinye ukuze okwandisa ubudala. amaqembu zabesilisa kuyoba ngakwesokunxele, abesifazane - ngakwesokudla.
3. Ngu ndawo, inani calandze kuchazwe kwengoma. Esikhundleni amagugu ngokuphelele amagugu isihlobo ingasetshenziswa.

Meaning of imibhoshongo

Ngenxa sokuqhafaza ukuhlaziywa izinguquko okuzwiwa ubulili isakhiwo labantu ethulwa ngokuhlanganyela izinqubo yezibalo. Pyramids ukuvumela ukubona ngokucacile umphumela ezingeni empi, ukunciphisa wenzalo ngenani namaqembu ngesimo "ukwehluleka". Kanye nalezi flowchart uvunyelwe ukuhlola kanye nezinye izinhlaka (yobuhlanga, isibonelo, inombolo isimo tetakhamuti isimo nokunye.). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucacisa mkhuba esikhathini esizayo yokuzalana kanye kungenzeka amathemba ushintsho inani besilisa nabesifazane.

Ngokucacile we amashadi ku Russian Federation ekuqaleni 2008

Ukuhlaziya mbhoshongo isakhiwo ubulili, kungaba kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho kuzalwa amantombazane nabafana cishe okufanayo. Eenqhemeni amadala kukhona kwabomdabu, futhi abesifazane yibona. Falling okuzala, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, ke umelwe ayimigodi. amahlamvu Nokufa ku mbhoshongo kufanele kuphela kokunikezwa kwe-olinganise nabesifazane futhi ukushintsha ifomu ukumisa. Umkhuba lokuqala siyenzeka kuphela amaqembu amadala. bokuphakama wenombolo abesifazane isivele lubonakale ngemva kweminyaka engu-40.

ngokoqobo kolwazi

Njengoba esinye zezici ebaluleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kolwazi yobudala kanye ocansini imibhoshongo ukhonza ukuhlaziya ubuhlobo ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ubuhlobo livele isikhathi eside. Emuva ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. demographer Swedish Sundberg waqala ukusebenzisa umqondo amafomu yayikhona intuthuko engatheni, lesichubekako kwamaciko isakhiwo ubudala. Namuhla uphawula iphethini elilandelayo. Ingxenye lande kwandisa, nezingane - sinciphile. Lokhu kunjalo manje emhlabeni. Yandisa sabantu umhlalaphansi yobudala kufanele kuhambisana replenishment ezanele zezingane namaqembu kwentsha. Lokhu kuyadingeka hhayi kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kabusha esethembisayo, kodwa futhi ukulondoloza inombolo izakhamuzi enamandla. Kule ndaba, kwathiwa ngokuvamile washayelwa isakhiwo elilungile labantu. demographer Domestic Urlanis okuphakanyiswe ubudlelwane elandelayo: izingane - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-20%, abadala - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-15% wabantu abadala - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-65%. masheya yakha ukwakheka kahle sabantu. Kulokhu, izimo ezikahle ukuze kwenziwe esitalini ukukhuphuka kancane.

Umthwalo phezu izakhamuzi enamandla

Lo mqondo isetshenziswa izibalo lokubala ubuningi babantu kanye nabasebenzi. Lokhu umthwalo kunqunywa ratio isabelo sabantu abasebenzayo kanye lingaphumeleli. Inkomba kubhekwa elilungile uma ingxenye ingaphezu kwe-inombolo yokuqala engxenyeni yesibili. Ngamanye amazwi, lo isilinganiso kufanele ibe 66-70% 30-34% inoperative asebenzayo. Ngamafuphi nje, i-zonke "nabanakekeli" ayizinkulungwane kufanele kube kungekho kuka 500-600 "abondliwa". Umshado onjalo uzonikeza izinga edingekayo ekuphileni zonke izizukulwane.

Imibuzo ukulawula

Ngemva kokubukeza ulwazi olungenhla, ungabona kahle kanjani liye balufunda. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo embalwa:

1. Yiziphi izici yobudala kanye ocansini isakhiwo sabantu.
2. I ukungalingani kubangelwa?
3. Uyini "umthwalo labantu abasebenza"? Yini-ke kubhekwa okungcono inkomba?
4. Yiziphi izici yobudala kanye ocansini isakhiwo sabantu yeRussia.
5. Indlela belandisa Ingxenye abesilisa nabesifazane, kuye endaweni yokuhlala?

isiphetho

Ulwazi ngobulili nobudala isakhiwo etholwe ngesikhathi yokubala abantu, survey akhethekile ukuhlaziywa lokubala ubuningi babantu yezenzakalo zamanje. Konke lokhu kwaziswa kuyadingeka ukuze utadisha izinqubo izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho kuleli zwe. Ukwazi imininingwane isakhiwo sabantu esikhathini esinikeziwe, kungenzeka ukubikezela lokufa futhi lokuzalwa amazinga, amathuba izinkinga ezingeni izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, isidingo lezi noma eminye imikhiqizo noma amasevisi.