Uhlelo womuntu Antinociceptive ekunciphiseni izinhlungu

uhlelo Antinociceptive zomzimba womuntu is ngokucacile delimited ezinzwa isakhiwo etholakala kuzo zonke izindawo futhi kuzo zonke izingxenye isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. inhlanganisela wabo uhlobo isigaba sabefundisi izingalo neurochemical asebenzayo, kokuba ikhono sokumisa ukusebenza izakhiwo okubuhlungu okungaphakathi uhlelo nociceptive.

Action uhlelo antinociceptive

Lapho uhlelo sisetshenziswa antipain ngokuvamile opiotergicheskaya Olawula wesifunda. Kuyinto nokuxhumana receptor opioid futhi ligands-opioids. Balamuli uhlelo antinociceptive engenzeka ukucindezela ukungakhululeki ukuzwa babulawa emazingeni ahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi we mshini izinhlungu nokuphatheka kabi akazange abe umuzwa wansuku zonke umuntfu lakhetsa kuphila ngato. Ngisho nalapho ubuhlungu iza, izakhi oyibamba uhlelo antinociceptive afakiwe umsebenzi ukuthi ungaziqhenya ezikhathini zobuhlungu ukubaleka, phumula. Lona umsebenzi oyinhloko lamasu okuvikela umzimba noma yimuphi umuntu.

Meaning of amaphilisi ezinhlungu kwezidakamizwa namuhla

Isithakazelo iNarcotic Izidakamizwa, ngasendleleni, futhi wabeletha uhlelo antinociceptive. I zomzimba zomzimba womuntu evezwe ngokucacile injongo izidakamizwa kwezokwelapha: bajwayele njengoba umuthi onamandla okubulala izinzwa ezingasiza unqobe ubuhlungu uhlelo antinociceptive noma enze esikhundleni salo.

Kuze kube manje, izidakamizwa - okuwukuphela kwendlela ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo siyefana abanomdlavuza. Kungenzeka ezinye izinto ezivelile ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ikhumbula umphumela yabo analgesic. Nokho, zonke kusimo eyaziwa oyinhloko le mithi bengathola ezanele, umuntu ezinzile ngengqondo isidalwa engaphansi ecindezeleke ekuseni futhi cishe yaphela umsebenzi wakhe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Umehluko phakathi nociceptive futhi izinhlelo antinociceptive

uhlelo Antinociceptive kuyinto determinant yobuhlungu, oqinisekisa ngamaphesenti ayikhulu ubuhlungu bezibona. Ukucabangela lesi eside, umehluko phakathi lo mqondo futhi igama elithi "Uhlelo oluphathelene nemizwa" ingachazwa kalula. Kusukela wathola eliyisisekelo "Idivayisi", t. E. ngokuchaza Ngakho analyzer ingabizwa kuphela isinqamu ahlukene kohlelo inzwa, le nociceptive futhi uhlelo antinociceptive cumulatively ukumela nje determinant, futhi ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo self uhlelo kunalokho xaka.

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu, kubalulekile ukuba nikeza isibonelo. Prakthiza owazi Ezimweni ezingavamile yokushoda ubuhlungu umuzwa kubantu, isegazini. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-main indlela nociceptive babesebenza evamile, isb. E. Ukuvimbela indlela usebenza umsebenzi ubuhlungu.

Njengoba kukhona ubuhlungu kanye shock esibuhlungu?

Ngu iminyaka engu-70 th kwekhulu elidlule, abacwaningi baye ekugcineni kwakhiwa umbono ngalokhu ingxenye isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko njengoba ubuchopho uhlelo antinociceptive. Ngaleso sikhathi, ososayensi bakwazi ukusungula ulinganiselwe bezikhali ubuhlungu excitation, overvoltage izakhiwo zokuvimbela umnyango nociceptive. Ukwandisa ukucasuka nociceptive asebenzayo unyathela amabhuleki uhlelo kuphakamisa le nqubo izakhi antipain.

Izikhalazo zobuhlungu singenzeka kuphela uma ngaphansi imiphumela kakhulu emzimbeni uhlelo antinociceptive ayikwazi ukuyiveza ngenxa yethonya yezici nezingahlobene nendaba. Encishisiwe ukubopha umsebenzi igcwele overexcitation uhlelo nociceptive futhi okubangela esingalindelekile ubuhlungu ezingalindelekile bemvelo psychogenic ngendlela izitho kuyinto eyamukeleka ngokuphelele non-onesifo.

uhlelo analgesic isakhiwo umzimba

Uma ucabangela nomqondo antinociception (uhlelo antinociceptive), kufanele sinake izingxenye zalo ngabanye. Phakathi kwabo, okokuqala kuyafaneleka izakhi amaphiko ubuchopho obuphakathi futhi medulla (grey ndaba, i-nucleus ye kumiswa reticular futhi nucleus raphe, ingxenye gelatinous ka emgogodleni).

Siyabonga kubo, kukhona eyisisekelo Ukuvinjwa ubuhlungu. Umuntu uyayeka ubuhlungu lapho ebheka phezulu excitation nociceptive ecucuza amenable ukuba okusithiyayo. Lokhu umsebenzi kungokwalabo ukulawula ukwehla ubuhlungu. The main izinto asebenzayo ukusebenza unyathela amabhuleki isenzo opioids futhi abanye hormone, ezifana le-serotonin. Lungile ukubabiza modulators ngoba ukushintsha original isikhundla izinzwa ezilinganiselwe, kuyilapho nawe ungalushayi labona esiqondisweni sabo akunamthelela okuthakazelisayo.

Neurotransmitters futhi zemizwa ubuhlungu uhlelo antitsitseptivnoy

I izinzwa main futhi kokuqagela izinhlelo analgesic yilezo ise grey indaba ephakathi. indima ebalulekile lapha axons, okuyinto enyuka maqondana hypothalamus nezinye izindlela kwesokunxele Nenkabazwe-cerebral palsy. Futhi iqhaza kolunye uhlangothi kuya nomgogodla. Mediators lezi izinzwa kubhekwa pentapeptides, okuhlanganisa enkephalins zenyathi. balamuli okunjalo ngesimo amino acid kufanele bathole methionine, futhi leucine.

Enkephalins bayakwazi e ngesikhathi esifushane, ukuqalisa zonke receptor opiate. Lapho opiatergicheskih synapse, lezi ezenza zitholakala ikakhulu ulwelwesi, okuyinto ayisebenzisa ngayo imisebenzi ye postsynaptic "isiguqo". Hhayi iqhaza synapse abe buhlungu, kuyilapho ulwelwesi kumele sandiswe balamuli khaphi excitation ungakhululekile kusukela namangqamuzana ezinzwa ethile komunye.

Endogenous uhlelo antinociceptive has a receptor isici opioid, ukuthi ziya ngokuya metabotropic. Basuke ngokuvamile uhlanganiswa bioregulator okubangela okusithiyayo of adenylate cyclase ngokusebenzisa ukuqashelwa intracellular. Umphumela zonke ngenhla ngesiphazamiso ohlelweni zamagama antipain. Ngaphandle ukunciphisa sokugembula-calcium emzimbeni womuntu zihlanganisa ukuba balamuli eyinhloko ubuhlungu, t. E. umzimba uqala ukukhiqiza nabo bebodwa. I balamuli ezivame kakhulu ubuhlungu yilezi:

• izidakamizwa P;
• cholecystokinin;
• somatostatin;
• glutamic acid.

Hypothalamus futhi Nenkabazwe kwesokunxele zobuchopho - activators yesenzo

By Ukwakheka kohlelo zibandakanya antipain analgesic izakhiwo hypothalamic kanye somatosensory cortex we kwesokunxele Nenkabazwe-cerebral palsy. Bendawo umphumela zabo inhibitory ku nociceptive izindlela umuntu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa:

• okusithiyayo yemiphumela esezansi ku izinzwa of emgogodleni;
• ekuphumeni unyathela amabhuleki ukusebenza ngomhla ka-izinzwa we thalamus;
• imiphumela yasebenza uhlelo oshiwo ngenhla of phezulu ukulawula amabhuleki.

Disengagement zobuhlungu emzimbeni

izinhlelo Nociceptive futhi antinociceptive yomzimba ku ukubambisana eduze. Lesi sakamuva ukhiqiza izingxenye endogenous opioid, okuyinto empeleni kuyinto izidakamizwa ngaphakathi.

Lezi zihlanganisa endorphins, dynorphin, nokunye. D. engavamile ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kukhona emaweni peptide ukulandelanisa, efana amancane amaprotheni molecule akhiwe amino acid.

Indima peptides non-opioid futhi opioid

Ngo inombolo kunenzuzo izinzwa ukuthi kuhlanganisa uhlelo antinociceptive receptor ethize thola izinto ezinjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, nabo opioid receptor ngokuvamile kubonakala unyathela amabhuleki ukusebenza okwalandela izinzwa ngabanye. Kulokhu, nociceptive ubuhlungu uhlelo iba OAmaKristu kanye besezinhlungwini cishe akasabeli. Into izinzwa encane uhlelo analgesic kuyinto ukuvimbela ukudluliswa nokusatshalaliswa ubuhlungu okwalandela excitation uchungechunge eziyimpumelelo.

Inqubo lelawula ukuvela ubuhlungu kuhilela peptides opioid hhayi kuphela. peptides Non-opioid (isib neurotensin) futhi kuthinte yokugcina bolevospriyatie womuntu. Ezivela kwimithombo ehlukahlukene, ubuhlungu singavimbela noradrenaline, Dopamine, serotonin nezinye catecholamines.

Kanjani lo mshini nokucindezela ubuhlungu?

umsebenzi Antinociceptive kohlelo umzimba kungaba ngezindlela eziningana:

1. Lo mshini wezenzo esiphuthumayo. Kukhona ukusabela umfutho ubuhlungu, okubangela excitation izinhlaka zokuxhumana zobuchopho ohlelweni wehlela ukulawula inhibitory. Ngaphakathi uphondo ezingemuva emgogodleni ngalesi sikhathi kungabonwa nokukhawulela afferent ukushukuma nociceptive. Ngo ingxenye eyinhloko analgesia lamasu. Lapho ukucindezelwa of ubuhlungu kanyekanye usebenze umfutho ezimbili ezibuhlungu.
2. Lo mshini wezenzo iDemo. Qala le ngxenye, ezihilela isilawuli ukubopha uhlelo ukwehla uhlobo amaphiko ubuchopho obuphakathi futhi medulla. Ukucupha ezosetshenziswa okulinganisela excitation zobuhlungu ezingeni we stressors umgogodla futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingqondo kudingeka.
3. Lo mshini wezenzo eside. Izindawo eziyinhloko zitholakala kule ngxenye, ziyasebenza ngesikhathi ngihlala ngisezinhlungwini. Updraft excitation ubuhlungu idluliselwa ku zonke izingxenye ukulawula phansi. Ngu ohlelweni nociceptive lebhokisi coloration ngokomzwelo ubuhlungu. ukulinganisa okunjalo ezimweni eziningi akuyona inhloso.
4. indlela Tonic. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe njalo uhlelo antinociceptive asekelwe izikhungo izindawo esemkhathini futhi okuqondile cortex cerebral. Basuke ise Lobe ngokuqondile, ngemva kwamehlo. Umsebenzi isakhiwo nociceptive waqinisekisa njalo unyathela amabhuleki umphumela. By endleleni, le nqubo kungabonwa, futhi ukungabi oluphelele ubuhlungu.

Kuyini ubuhlungu?

Antsinotsitseptivnaya simiso umzimba, ukulawula isakhiwo cortex cerebral, kusiza ukulungiselela ngomphumela zangaphambi okukhwantabalisayo, bese uthatha umfutho zobuhlungu nge Ukwehla ezingemnandi, emizweni ungakhululekile.

Kusukela bonke ngenhla, ungakwazi ukufinyelela kwesakho isiphetho elula ukuthi umfutho kanye nohlobo ubuhlungu predetermined izici ukusebenza izinhlelo ezimbili: nociceptive futhi antinociceptive. Okokuqala - ubuhlungu, kwesibili - antipain. Imininingwane ekusebenzelaneni kwabo inquma ubunjalo ubuhlungu obuzwiwa indoda. Ubuhlungu zingase zihluke, kanje:

• Hyperalgesia - isimo lapho lenyuka luvelo ubuhlungu, ngenxa ongase ube ukuyaluza okusezingeni eliphezulu uhlelo nociceptive noma antinociceptive ongaphakeme excitation uhlelo.
• Hypoalgesia - isimo ngesikhathi ukuzwela sehliselwe ebuhlungwini nomphumela ohlukile: ubuhlungu uhlelo antinociceptive anda futhi yehlise nociceptive uhlelo excitation.

Zombili lezi zifo zingaba nomthelela omuhle umzimba, futhi ikakhulukazi incike embundwini ubuhlungu. Lokhu value simele non-static ingxenye ezithathekayo, kuzohluka nge izici ubuhlungu futhi izinhlelo analgesic. Futhi antinociceptive bese bakha isakhiwo esisodwa ubuhlungu nociceptive eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuba izakhi zawo kuphela.

Yini esongela ukulimaza umuntu?

Kunalokho kuyinkimbinkimbi sezinzwa bolevospriyatiya uhlelo ezidingekayo ukuze umuntu alondoloze umzimba futhi izingxenye zayo, uthanda ubuqotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlelo ukusebenza iziyaluyalu (ubuhlungu futhi antipain) kuthinte ukuphila komuntu omubi. Ngo-acute esifushane noma obungapheli emizweni, okulandelayo kwenzeka:

1. ubuthongo thuthuva.
2. Ukuntula isifiso sobulili.
3. Ukucasuka, inattention.
4. Ukwehla motor umsebenzi.
5. Ukucindezeleka, isimo ecindezelekile psycho-ngokomzwelo.

Izikhalazo zobuhlungu - ukufa

ubuhlungu obukhulu engabambezela ukuphefumula, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ukuyimisa ngokuphelele, kuyilapho buhlungu ngemuva ababuthakathaka kungathinta ukusheshisa yayo. Sebuhlungwini obunzima kwandisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, kukhuphuke blood pressure, lazo ezithusayo ukuthuthukiswa neuropathy spasm semithambo.

Okokuqala, isikhumba kuba okhanyayo, kodwa ubuhlungu osuke usuvulekile imithambo yegazi yesikhathi esifushane babangela siwasebenzise ke. uketshezi Unciphise ngamathe, juice esiswini kanye ukukhiqizwa kwamanyikwe, emathunjini peristalsis izitobhi, okuvame ukuholela anuria. Kutfutfukiswa ukushaqeka buhlungu uma ubuhlungu obukhulu igcwele kuholele ekufeni.