Glycogen. Kuyini lokhu? Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani!

Glycogen uyinto eyinkimbinkimbi, a carbohydrate eziyinkimbinkimbi, kwakheka okuyinto e inqubo glycogenesis glucose udle kanye nokudla. Kusukela iphuzu amakhemikhali bakubheka kunqunywa C6H10O5 ifomula futhi imele polysaccharide colloidal kokuba neketanga branched kakhulu glucose izinsalela. Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela zonke mayelana glycogen: ukuthi kuyini, ukuthi imisebenzi yabo yilezi, lapho Stocking up. Futhi, sizobe ukuchaza yiziphi ngeziphambeko inqubo Kuhlanganisa.

Glycogen: ukuthi kuyini futhi kanjani they kwemiqondo?

Glycogen kuyinto umzimba udinga glucose izinqolobane. Kubantu it is kuhlelwe kanje. Isikhathi sokudla carbohydrate (kuhlanganise isitashi disaccharides - lactose, maltose kanye sucrose) ngaphansi isenzo enzayimu (Amylase) zihlukaniswa zibe amangqamuzana amancane. Khona-ke, e-enzyme encane amathumbu ezifana sucrase, maltase futhi Amylase pancreatic hydrolyzing izinsalela carbohydrate ukuba monosaccharides, kuhlanganise i-glucose. Omunye ingxenye ukukhululwa glucose, lingene egazini, ukuze kwesibindi, futhi enye zithutha ku amaseli nezinye izitho. Ngqo amaseli, kuhlanganise imisipha, kukhona ukubola alandelayo glucose monosaccharide ebizwe glycolysis. Ngo inqubo glycolysis, okuyinto eyenzeka noma ngaphandle iqhaza (aerobic kanye anaerobic) nomoya-mpilo kuthiwa kwemiqondo ATP molecule okuyinto iwumthombo wamandla kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Kodwa akubona bonke glucose ongena ukudla emzimbeni womuntu, kudliwe synthesis ATP. Ingxenye lilondolozwe ngesimo glycogen. Le nqubo ihlanganisa the polymerization of glycogenesis, okusho ukuthi, ngaphezu ezilandelanayo glucose komunye nomunye futhi monomers ukwakha branched uchungechunge polysaccharide ngaphansi kwethonya enzyme ethize.

Likuphi glycogen?

glycogen egciniwe etholakale ngesimo granules specific cytoplasm (cytosol) amaseli amaningi emzimbeni. okuqukethwe okusezingeni eliphezulu Ikakhulu glycogen e isibindi kwemisipha izicubu. Futhi Muscle glycogen - umthombo isitokwe glucose ngoba amangqamuzana amaningi kwemisipha (esimweni komthwalo osindayo), kanye nokugcina evamile hepatic igazi glucose okuhlushwa. Njengoba supply lezi carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi etholakala amangqamuzana ezinzwa, inhliziyo, aorta, epithelium, ezicutshini, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila kwesibeletho futhi yakhe izicubu ye-fetus. Ngakho, sabuka lokho ukuthini igama elithi "glycogen". Kuyini, manje kuyacaca. Ngokulandelayo, ake sixoxe ngemisebenzi yabo.

Yini edingwa umzimba glycogen?

Esikhathini glycogen umzimba isetshenziswa njengenhlangano reserve amandla. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo umzimba ungakwazi ukuphuma entula glucose. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Glycogen ukuwohloka kwenzeka phakathi ukudla, kodwa futhi kakhulu yashesha ngesikhathi umsebenzi obukhulu emzimbeni. Le nqubo kwenzeka cleavage glucose izinsalela ngaphansi kwethonya enzyme akhethekile. Ngenxa yalokho, glycogen ubola ukuba glucose khulula nezinhlayiyana zikashukela-6-phosphate ka ATP ngaphandle izindleko.

Kungani udinga glycogen esibindini?

Isibindi ingenye ezibaluleke kakhulu izitho zangaphakathi namalungu omzimba womuntu. It wenza ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi ebalulekile. Kubandakanya inikeza amazinga evamile kashukela, kuyadingeka ubuchopho ukusebenza. Izinqubo main ngawo ukulondoloza glucose esezingeni evamile - kusuka 80 kuya 120 mg / DL alandelwa yokubola lipogenesis glycogen gluconeogenesis kanye nenguquko ezinye ushukela ukuze glucose. Ngu wehlise izinga likashukela egazini oyenza phosphorylase bese isibindi glycogen is wajinge wanamatsela. Kusukela cytoplasm lamaseli zinyamalale omhlambi wakhe, kanye glucose ingena egazini, enikeza umzimba amandla adingekayo. Emazingeni aphezulu ushukela, isibonelo emva kokudla, amaseli isibindi uqale ngenkuthalo synthesize glycogen futhi awubeke. Gluconeogenesis kuyinto inqubo Kuhlanganisa glucose kusukela kwesibindi kwezinye izinto, kuhlanganise nama-amino acid. I zokulawula umsebenzi kwesibindi kwenza ukuthi kube nesidingo ngokuhlolisisa ekusebenzeni umzimba evamile. Ukuphambuka - ephawulekayo ukwanda / ukwehla kwamazinga igazi glucose - zimelela engozini enkulu empilweni yomuntu.

Ukwephula glycogen zamagama

iziyaluyalu umzimba kukhona iqembu glycogen glycogen izifo sitholwa njengefa. izimbangela zabo ziyisiliva ezihlukahlukene ukukhubazeka enzyme abahileleke ngokuqondile ukulawulwa glycogen kumiswa noma cleavage. Phakathi izifo glycogen futhi glycogenoses angawodwa aglikogenozy. Esokuqala isifo ezingavamile ngofuzo odalwe ekuqongeleleni ngokweqile polysaccharide e C6H10O5 amaseli. Glycogen zamagama nobukhona kwalo okwalandela ngokweqile e isibindi, iphaphu, izinso, imisipha lwamathambo kanye zamehlo inhliziyo kubangelwa enzayimu (isib zikashukela-6-phosphatase) Kuhlanganisani ukubhidlika glycogen. Ngokuvamile, uma imizimba glycogen waphawula ukwephula ukuthuthukiswa, lengqondo retardation, isimo ezinzima hypoglycemic, kuze ukuqala ikhoma. Ukuze uqinisekise uphethwe futhi ukucacisa uhlobo glycogenosis eyenziwa biopsy isibindi kanye nemisipha, bese ukuthumela impahla umphumela cwaningo histochemical. Phakathi glycogen yakhe okuqukethwe isethi ezicutshini, futhi umsebenzi enzyme anomthelela zamagama alo kanye nokucekelwa.

Uma umzimba izindawo ngaphandle glycogen, kusho ukuthini?

Aglikogenozy amelela isifo esiyingozi lezinceku kubangelwa ukuntula enzyme uyakwazi ukufeza synthesis glycogen (glycogen). Ngo khona kwale isifo glycogen isibindi engekho nhlobo. ukubonakaliswa Clinical lesi sifo yilezi: eliphansi kakhulu igazi glucose, lapho - njalo nokuquleka hypoglycemic. Isimo iziguli kuchazwa njenganoma ngokungathí sina ngokweqile. I aglikogenoza khona bahlola ngokufeza a biopsy isibindi.