Ubuhlongandlebe - Iyini? Zinhlobo zokuziphatha ihlongandlebe

Ubuhlongandlebe - Kuyinto ngokuya ezivamile kulezi zinsuku. Litjho kuphula umthetho we-izindinganiso zomphakathi bamukeleke umphakathi. Zonke okukhulu ngaphezulu ihlongandlebe futhi ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe ophoqelelwe sinake kubo, zezenhlalo, odokotela bengqondo, odokotela, amaphoyisa aqapha ngisho izakhamuzi ezivamile. ososayensi abaningi abatadisha izimbangela, izici nemibandela ukunquma ukubonakaliswa lesi simanga ezimbi. Kodwa okokuqala kudingeka wazi ukuthi yini ukuziphatha evamile futhi lokho kungenxa?

definition

Kuwo wonke umphakathi has namasiko alo kanye imithetho yokuziphatha. Zingaba kokubili esisemthethweni futhi engabhaliwe okwakudingeka. Kukhona omayelana yabo. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi akusiyo kuphela amaphoyisa kodwa futhi nokwesaba sola nasezihlotsheni. Umuntu angathola i-bangase bathi akuthathi zokuziphatha ezivamile, kodwa unganakile ukulandela. Shiya isimo ezahlukene kungabonakala nasemkhakheni umphakathi ukuthi uku-inqubo njalo kabusha. Phakathi nale nkathi, wabhubhisa imithetho ubudala kanye emisha, noma kukhona, kodwa awunaso isikhathi ukuphila okuzinzile futhi uthole ukuphoqelelwa izindlela. Ngakho-ke, iyiphi kabusha nokuvukela kusho amazinga ekuphumeni ubuhlongandlebe labantu. Lokhu kuchaza isimo eRussia zanamuhla, njengoba ngempela nokuthambekela elimazayo emhlabeni. Umqondo ubuhlongandlebe kuhilela yikuphi ukwephula izindinganiso zomphakathi nezomthetho. Kufanele zihlukaniswa kusukela nokwedelela. Lesi sakamuva kusho ukulahlwa, ngumqondo isihlobo. Libhekisela imithetho owandile eqenjini elithile emphakathini. Ubuhlongandlebe - kuba umqondo ophelele. It ihlobene imithetho yalelo lizwe. Nokho delinkvetnoe ukuziphatha kuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela lezo zenzo okuyiwona ekugcwalisekeni kufanele kube nesijeziso esisemthethweni.

History of the cwaningo

Ukuziphatha evamile zabantu - kuyisisekelo ukusebenza obunobunye kunoma yimuphi umphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ngaso sonke isikhathi namandla, zefilosofi futhi ososayensi baye bazama ukuthola izindlela futhi izindlela ezisetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke ubuhlongandlebe - okuyisihloko kwabantu izifundo. Ngesikhathi impande etafuleni yakhe yokufunda ngisho Durkheim. Nokho, endaweni ehlukile anikezelwe ekutadisheni ubuhlongandlebe, kwakheka ngenxa Merton futhi Cohen. ESoviet Union liye wafunda kohlaka Umlutha, yobugebengu suicidology njengoba distsilin ekhethekile. Ubuhlongandlebe - lena nodaba zezenhlalo Russian nge 1960-1970-yalolucwaningo kuphela. umnikelo Omkhulu ekutadisheni lo mkhuba ube Afanasiev ingqondo, Matochkin, Gilinskiy.

Izimbangela ubuhlongandlebe

izinkomba ezahlukene wachaza kwabantu ukuphambuka kusuka ukuziphatha evamile ehlukile. Merton, kulandela Durkheim, lisebenzisa igama elithi "anomaly". Laphaya ezansi ibona, uyasiqonda isimo umphakathi, lapho inani elisha akakabi iqine, futhi ubudala kakade waphila isikhathi eside ukudlula siqu sakhe. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuchaza ubuhlongandlebe kanye intsha. Ixhumeke nge kabusha psyche futhi ushintsho endaweni yabo futhi indima emphakathini. Imbangela ukuziphatha abangalaleli, ngokuvumelana Merton, ukuntuleka kusebentisana emkhatsini Izinjongo zazo ningabeki isikhubekiso phambi kwabantu, futhi kusho ukuthi ayinikeze. Enye mkhuba uchaza ukuphambuka phambi nezinye amasiko. Isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu Russian ukholelwa ukuthi kuphakama lokuchezuka ngenxa ukungalingani zabantu, akunakwenzeka ukuba anakekele izidingo zawo amaqembu ngabanye nomphakathi. Elinye iqembu izizathu lihlobene ukwanda kwenani pathologies ezehlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, isifo sengqondo, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa notshwala.

izinhlobo

Uhlobo eyinhloko yokuziphatha ihlongandlebe kuyicala. Futhi, uwuhlobo zobufebe nokuluthwa yizidakamizwa. Umsuka izifundo zesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu ngobugebengu lalala umsebenzi usosayensi Russian Hermann. A neqhaza kubo wenza noSozibalo Franco-Belgian Quetelet. Kugcine ngafika esiphethweni sokuthi iyiphi esimisweni sezenhlalo kusikisela ukuba khona amacala. Ukuqeda kubo ngokuphelele akunakwenzeka, ungakwazi kuphela igcinwe ngaphansi kolawulo. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukukhula zobugebengu eRussia futhi wathonywa kakhulu nangabanye kwathatha umnotho emakethe.

Ukuze uthole eside ukuluthwa isikhathi e-USSR kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso inkinga kuphela kumazwe zama-Capitalist. Nokho, akukho ekwenqabeleni ukubaluleka salo eRussia wesimanje. Vo zibonisa ukuthi imbangela eyinhloko ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukomela nakho ezintsha. Kuyinto ezimweni eziningi zentsha usuyisigqila kubo bedle nabangane nabantu obajwayele. umphakathi wanamuhla kungcono kakhulu unolwazi ngemiphumela ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, iningi abaphendulayo sibaphathe ngendlela engafanele.

Olunye uhlobo lokuziphatha ihlongandlebe nobufebe. It wayevela kusukela division yezenhlalakahle zomsebenzi kanye nokuthuthukiswa ibe nomfazi oyedwa. Ngisho Ephakathi esontweni waphoqeleka ukuba sibekezelele lesi simanga. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu inqubomgomo enkulu ngomzimba: Ukwenqatshelwa (prohibitionism), ukubhaliswa kanye nokuhlolwa wezokwelapha (isiqondiso) futhi ukufeza umsebenzi zokuvimbela (abolitionism). Eyokuqala amafomu amabili okuye kwenziwa kuye kwabonisa ukuthi kuphumelele. nakho okungokomlando kubonisa ukuthi kuphela kugucuka okuqhubekayo social nezingokomoya ungakwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga emphakathini.

Nokwedelela ubuhlongandlebe

Kuyadingeka ukucacisa ngokushesha ukuthi le miqondo emibili akuzona okulingana ngokuphelele. Basitshela ukuthi nomunye sisonke zayo. Noma yimuphi ukuziphatha abangalaleli kuyinto ezihlanekezelwe, kodwa akuzona zonke ukuphambuka - kuyicala. Zonke kuncike emithethweni enjalo esebenza ezweni. ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe iba ihlongandlebe kuphela ngaphansi kwethonya isimo e umuntu zemizimba yayo ekhethekile ukuqapha ukubulawa kwabo kwezinkambiso esisemthethweni.

ubuhlongandlebe eyeve eshumini nambili

Inguquko isikhathi uhlale nzima. Lokhu kuchaza zonke ubunkimbinkimbi kulonyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi ubunjalo kumiswa. Youth ubuhlongandlebe iqala isikole truancy, hooliganism eziyize. ibangelwa eyinhloko yemfundo ngokuvamile amaphutha kanye nezinkinga emkhayeni. Ngezinye izikhathi zingahlanganiswa psychopathology nemvelo okungavamile, okuyinto ungavumeli ukuzifinyelela nezinye izingane, okuyinto kuphakamisa ubudlova.