Ubudlelwane Zokuziphatha emthethweni civil

рассматриваются как сравнительно обособленная юридическая категория. ubudlelwane Non-impahla emthethweni civil babonwa kuqhathaniswa bathinteka isigaba zomthetho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo zihlangana nezinye izikhungo kulawulwa kwezinkambiso.

Impahla kanye ubuhlobo babantu ngabanye-non-impahla

Ubunjalo ukusebenzisana phakathi izinhlangano ezehlukene zingase zihluke. kukhona ubudlelwane civil ezivamile ngokwanele ezingekho. Nokho, ezinye zazo neze ezihlobene sphere kwezomnotho. Abanye ngokuphambene unokuxhumeka ezithile naye. Ngakho ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ubudlelwane okungezona impahla. Ezinye zazo ziphakame ukuqashelwa inkululeko inalienable kanye amathuba zomthetho lomuntu, kanye nezinye izimpahla ezingaphatheki lingelakhe. Isigaba sesibili obuhlanganisa okungezona impahla ezihlobene impahla. Ikakhulukazi, singabeqiniso ekusebenzisaneni phakathi abadali bokusungula umsebenzi umkhiqizo.

ubunikazi

Impahla, ubuhlobo babantu ngabanye-non-impahla enganyelwe Code Civil. Ikhodi Practice uthi zabhalwa umsebenzi wokuhlekwa izincwadi zezinkondlo, isayensi art noma yasungulwa kuphakama ngokuzimela yokwesabela ukuzisebenzisa njengoba izimpahla. ukuqashelwa yayo kusho ukuvela kwasekuqaleni izithakazelo ezithile impahla. Ngokwesibonelo, kunikeza ukuze kuvikeleke igama lombhali, kanye negama okuqukethwe umsebenzi wakhe kusukela ngokungadingekile ukuhlanekezela imifanekiso, eboleka nokunye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izinto angaphatheki - imikhiqizo zomsebenzi engqondo - kukhona impahla. Kule kusobala ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwane impahla ngaphakathi kohlaka ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Ukuze Abadali, ngaphezu zabhalwa amalungelo akhethekile baziwa. Zonke lezi zigaba ndawonye nalapho echaza art. 1226 we Code Civil.

umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama

продуктов интеллектуального труда, как и непосредственно нематериальные объекты, являются непередаваемыми и неотчуждаемыми. amalungelo ngokokuziphatha nangokomthetho, maqondana bokusungula umsebenzi umkhiqizo, kanye ngqo izinto angaphatheki kukhona non-komunye futhi inalienable. Ngamanye amazwi, abakwazi ukubamba iqhaza lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. Kulokhu, lo okukhethekile (impahla) kwesokudla ukuze ukusetshenziswa mikhiqizo, umnikazi kungase silahle noma iyiphi izindlela ezingokomthetho. Amazinga kuhlanganise avunyelwe ukudluliswa zabo nabanye abantu kwi reimbursable isisekelo.

Kwamukelwa kwetinkhantolo nenkululeko nezinye izinzuzo abantu angaphatheki

, обладающие исключительно индивидуальным характером. Elinye iqembu siqukethe siqu okungezona impahla ubudlelwane ukuthi babe ezehlukile uhlamvu ngabanye. Uxhumano nge ukuzungeza impahla engekho nhlobo. возникают по поводу таких нематериальных объектов, как здоровье, жизнь, доброе имя, достоинство, репутация, честь и проч. Lezi ubudlelwane okungezona impahla ephakamayo mayelana lezinto angaphatheki ezifana impilo, ukuphila, nodumo, isithunzi, idumela, nodumo, nokunye. Zonke ekusebenzisaneni kulezi zigaba, awunakho okuqukethwe kwezomnotho. , являются неотделимыми и неотчуждаемыми. izinzuzo angaphatheki, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo kukhona ubudlelwane okungezona impahla, kukhona inalienable futhi imprescriptible.

Ukuvikelwa

, равно как и нематериальные объекты, по поводу которых они возникают, находятся под охраной норм. ubudlelwane Non-impahla, kanye lezinto angaphatheki mayelana lapho kuphakama, zivikelwe umthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, abanikazi lezi izimpahla nethuba isicelo enkantolo nokucindezela izenzo zabanye, ukujivaza udumo lwabo isithunzi, inkululeko nokuphulwa kophawu izithakazelo zabo. Ikakhulukazi, isihloko kungadinga ukushicilelwa ukuphika, nokuvulwa umonakalo zokuziphatha nokunye.

I ngokucacile we

ubudlelwane Impahla ayikwazi ngokugcwele kulawulwa umthetho. Lokhu kungenxa ngokuyinhloko yokuthi izinto mayelana lapho zenzeka, kukhona uhlamvu langempela. Kulesisimo-ke, umthetho ekhona kugada ukuvikela izinzuzo angaphatheki kusukela nokungena emthethweni kungagcini. Okwamanje akukho simiso "omuhle" imithetho kokuqukethwe okwakuyoholela alawule ubudlelwane okungezona impahla, kanye uyomisa ngesimo esingokomthetho izinto abafanele.

onobuhle zokulawula Ekhona

Ngokuhambisana Civil Code, umthetho ulawula ubudlelwane impahla okuhlotshaniswa impahla. Lesi simo samanje esihlokweni. HA 2, n. 1, isig. 1. Bekanye lo mthetho uvikela ubuhlobo zokuziphatha ukuthi awahlobene ne impahla, ngaphandle uma kungenjalo ophuma izinzuzo ekubeni. Leli lungiselelo inikezwe isigaba sesibili ngenhla 2. Ngokuvamile kuziwa ekuhlanganyeleni ukuba senziwe inkululeko inalienable, amalungelo wobuntu kanye nezinye izinzuzo angaphatheki.

izincazelo

Ubudlelwano ephakamayo ngokuqondene nalesi nenkululeko inalienable kanye namalungelo esintu, kukhona ukuxhumana izimpahla ezithile ezifana kungenzeka nokuzikhethela ngenkululeko domicile, indawo yokuhlala, ukunyakaza, ilungelo igama, ubuqambi, nokunye. Isigaba ezinye amagugu okungezona izinto zihlanganisa udumo, idumela elihle, isithunzi, impilo, ukuphila, nokunye. Umehluko phakathi lezi zigaba, empeleni kuyinto kunalokho ezingafanele. Article 150 Ikhodi bamunye ngaphansi igama elilodwa - "izinzuzo angaphatheki". Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi yena, eziningi izici ezivamile. Ake sihlole kubo.

Izimpawu izinzuzo angaphatheki

Okokuqala abanayo bemvelo civil. izinzuzo angaphatheki abe umlingisi jikelele kanye awashintsheki nguMtsetfosisekelo. Ngo-CC, esikhundleni salokho, izihlinzeko ezifanele zoMthetho Basic yakhiqizwa futhi concretized. amafa angaphatheki basonta bonke. Nokho, kuphela abanye babo bangase babe inhlangano. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlangano ezingokomthetho babe ibhizinisi idumela. izinzuzo angaphatheki kukhona yemvelo. Umthetho lisho ngokucacile ukuthi basonta abantu kusukela ekuzalweni. Nokho, kuphela ezinye zezinzuzo kungenzeka ezimweni ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, ubuqambi kanye ubudlelwano okuhambisanayo avele ngenxa ukudalwa bokusungula umsebenzi umkhiqizo. izinzuzo angaphatheki kukhona isixhumanisi inextricable ngabezindaba ubuntu. Kule kusobala ukuthi abakwazi sihlukanisiwe idluliselwe nabanye abantu. In the ukungabikho ingxenye kwezomnotho izinzuzo angaphatheki awekho ngaphansi kokuhlaziywa yemali. Kule kusobala ukuthi lapho eshaywe, abakwazi iyobuyiselwa esimweni sayo ngokuphelele.

amaphuzu abalulekile

Ikhumbula izici ezingenhla kwezimpahla angaphatheki kanye ukuvela ngesikhathi nobuhlobo babo, kanye yachazwa imithetho 152 th futhi 151 th izihloko Code Civil, kungenzeka ukuba uphendule umbuzo othi kungani art. 2 n. 2 Ikhodi kubonisa abe isivikelo, kodwa isiqondiso sabo akuyona normative. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yezizathu inhloso. Ngenxa yalokho, umehluko phakathi isiqondiso nesivikelo ngomqondo terminological, hhayi ngesimiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi abalobi ubonisa ukuthi amafomu langempela ezisebenzisa izinzuzo angaphatheki abe nohlamvu langempela kuphela. Kuyinto, eqinisweni, siqambe isiqondiso egcwele civil kanye zomthetho. Ngempela, imithetho elibanzi ayikwazi alawule ezithinta impilo, ukuphila, izimfihlo umndeni, umusa kanye nezinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uqobo izinzuzo angaphatheki kukhawulwe isimemezelo sabo imithetho declarative. Bona, ukuba ekhethekile, ungenalo umphumela zokulawula.

ngaphezu kwalokho

Ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka izinzuzo angaphatheki ixhunyaniswe komthetho we-civil kuphela uma sokwephulwa kwe futhi uma kunesidingo ukubabuyisela usebenzisa izilinganiso ezibekwe ngumthetho, umehluko phakathi isiqondiso nesivikelo ukuthi esimweni sangaphambili kukhona umthelela ukuziphatha abadlali kunoma iyiphi isimo ohambelana, futhi okwesibili - kuphela uma izenzo zabanye. Nokho, ezinye izinto akagcinanga. Ngokwesibonelo, ilungelo igama, zabhalwa kulawulwa kwezinkambiso. into enjalo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingabe akuphikisani kumagama dispositive Article 2 para. 2 Code Civil. Ngezinye izimo ezifanayo ukuvikelwa isigaba ezithile izimpahla ezingaphatheki ungakwazi ukulawula izinto ekusebenziseni kwabo emthethweni nomthetho. Leli qiniso negates le ukuthola umehluko phakathi isiqondiso nesivikelo.

okutholakele

Ngaphansi-non-impahla ubudlelwano siqu, ukuqonda ngakho kwezinto ekuxhumaneni komphakathi senziwe izinzuzo angaphatheki. Phakathi kwabo kukhona individualization of ubuntu isihloko (isakhamuzi noma inhlangano) ngokuhlonza nekuhlatiya zokuziphatha, noma ezinye izici zomphakathi. Uma, ukwenza isibonelo, indoda wabhala inoveli, phakathi kwakhe nabo bonke abanye abantu kukhona ubudlelwane okungezona impahla. Siveza izimfanelo zomphakathi zokuziphatha, kwezobuciko, nezinye nombhali, eqoshiwe ngqo umkhiqizo. Zonke lezi zimpawu ukuhlolwa abafundi. Lokhu ubudlelwane impahla kubuswa GC. Ngokusho kwabo, umbhali uyakwazi ukwenza njenge umbhali, sebenzisa inoveli yakho wena noma uvumele abanye ukukwenza, kusetshenziswa mbumbulu, ukuze enze umphakathi noma ukunikeza imvume shicilelo. Yena, phakathi kwezinye izinto, yibhange ukuvikelwa yemisebenzi yakhe kusukela ukuphazamiseka emthethweni, ukuhlanekezela ezingalimaza isithunzi noma behlonipha umbhali.

isiphetho

zomthetho alawule kuphela ubudlelwane okungezona impahla, ezithinta ukuxhumana nge impahla. It kulandela ukuthi amalungiselelo Code Civil azisebenzi esigabeni sesibili yalezi ekuhlanganyeleni. Nokho, lokho akulona iqiniso. iziqondiso Action ubuhlobo impahla, hhayi impahla, kuphela uma kukhona yokungena ku izinzuzo inalienable womuntu angaphatheki. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isebenze indlela ukuqinisekisa kuvikelwe namalungelo kanye nenkululeko. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, inani abalobi eveziwe ukususwa ezinjalo ubudlelwane okungezona impahla ukuthi awahlobene ne impahla, isihloko isiqondiso normative ngokungadingekile. Lesi sikhundla kuchazwe kanje. Abalobi aveze ukuthi uma ekusebenzisaneni kukhona isigaba non civil-zomthetho ke akumelwe nje kuphela ukuvikela, kodwa futhi ukusebenza kwezikole zokusoka.