Ubuchwepheshe "bazi-Size" (Akukho-kuze) - zero tillage uhlelo. ezolimo yesimanje

ukulima ubuchwepheshe yesimanje ithuthukiswe tinkhombandlela eziningana, phakathi lapho okumqoka Tindlelanchubo izindlela tillage. abakhiqizi imishini Agricultural ukukhiqiza ngokuya eyinkimbinkimbi hardware ukutshala umkhakha chemical edonsa izingxenye lonke zikamanyolo. Nokho, okuqukethwe amasu eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukutshalwa umhlaba wokulima namuhla ancintisane ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele, lula umqondo yokusetshenziswa komhlaba. Kuyinto uhlelo ka-zero tillage, eyaziwa ngokuthi No-kuze ubuchwepheshe. Kuye ngokuthi izimo kokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa, kungaba futhi akusho ukubeka eceleni ukulima bendabuko. Le ndlela Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa, futhi uye savela kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule, futhi namuhla umdlandla liyophuma futhi ngenxa yezizathu eziningana.

Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi "Yazi-Size" ubuchwepheshe

ezolimo Classical ngempela kuhilela ukusetshenziswa machining ubuchwepheshe. lonke leli qembu izindlela nezindlela, okuvumela ukuba nokwandisa izici ikhava umhlaba ngokwanele ukulawula oyiyo. Ekugcineni imisebenzi enjalo ukudala seedbed inhlabathi okuxekethile ukwakheka eyohlobo okuyinto efanelekayo ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile sokuzivivinya. Isilinganiso ezivame kakhulu lolu hlobo is zilima ngokusebenzisa lapho inhlabathi futhi kuqeda ukhula.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, No-kuze uhlelo aqede le misebenzi futhi, ngokufanelekile, zonke izici ezimbi ukuthi ngihambe nabo. Eyokuqala machining lidinga ukuzikhandla, isikhathi nemali ukuthi zisetjenziselwa ukugcinwa kanye nokusebenza kwezimiso asebenzise imishini ethize. Akusho ukuthi ubuchwepheshe futhi 'bazi-Size "inikeza ngokuphelele hardware, kodwa umsebenzi wabo akunandaba ngakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ukutshala yendabuko avuse ukuguguleka izinqubo. Lena ngenye yama amaphuzu ayinhloko, elibangela isifiso abalimi abaningi ukushintshela izinhlelo okunye. Ukunqatshwa ukulima ikuvumela ukuba ugcine isimo somhlabathi, ngaphandle kokuyekethisa umswakama ibhalansi - ngaleyo ndlela asuse ingozi weathering wangaphezulu. Kodwa kukhona embi ngalo, okuyinto inhlabathi compaction. Ngaphandle ukutshala imihlola ezinjalo zingenzeka ngendlela yemvelo ukuthi kubathinta sokuthuthukisa izitshalo esikhathini esizayo.

ukulungiselela umhlabathi

imisebenzi Preparatory ngokuba ukuqaliswa lobu buchwepheshe aphethwe ngendlela semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla. Kodwa ukushintshela uqobo ukuba le ndlela okufanele kwenziwe ukuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo kanye. Iqiniso lokuthi izwe uhlelo zero kumelwe ahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile, main fike - surface bushelelezi. Yiqiniso, endabeni umhlaba wokulima kungenzeka ukukhuluma mayelana naloku kukhetha, kunemibandela kuphela. Le ndawo akanayo izinguquko elibukhali kokuphakama ukuze sokuprakthiza ekhethekile angabhekana ngayo umsebenzi walo. Iqiniso lokuthi inqubo Plating Kwenziwa nombala, ngenkathi imishini ihlanganisa strip olubanzi umhlaba. Ngenxa yalokho, bokungafani ngakolunye uhlangothi ithuluzi machining naphula imingcele blade ukucwiliswa, ngokulandelana, imbewu itshalwe nge ngeziphambeko kusukela kuyinsakavukela.

Mhlawumbe lena kuphela ingxenye ukuqaliswa kohlelo zero, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze usebenzise kubalimi bendabuko kanye nempahla ehlobene. Nalapha futhi, eminyakeni eyalandela ubuchwepheshe "bazi-Size" akusho ukuqondanisa ezengeziwe, kodwa kuphela uma kwezitshalo okuhlelwe kahle. Kulesi sigaba sokulungiselela kumele kwenziwe ukunciphisa imisebenzi inhlabathi ebesingenakuzenza esikhathini esizayo. Ngokuvamile, ukutshalwa ezijulile esikukhompiyutha ne nenqubo yokwazisa izakhi elawula izindawo agronomic zomhlaba. Kulandele kokuqhubeka omunye izigaba eziyinhloko ubuchwepheshe - mulching.

imibhede mulching

Yiqiniso, le nqubo akuyona esiteji, kuphela okungewakho indlela No-kuze, kodwa lesi simiso siqu izici ukusebenza kwayo. Emva kokuvuna, ezinhlangeni kusale endaweni umsebenzi - ke uyokwenza njengoba semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla, ngokusiza ukugcina umswakama xaxa. Leli cebo kuzosiza ukunciphisa izindleko amandla ento edaliwe, yokubasela imishini e inqubo ukuqaliswa imbewu. Lokho, uma kuqhathaniswa ukulima ezivamile, zero nqubo ihilela mulching ngotshani, okuyinto akakhishwanga uye ensimini, kodwa uhlala. Nokho, ngisho lapha kukhona izindlela ezahlukene. Abanye abalimi yanconywa ukulishiya ngqo ifomu okuqinile, okuyinto usindisa isikhathi, futhi, imizamo umlimi. Ukubuka okunye inikeza utshani ihlanzekile, kodwa ukugaya eyalandela nokubeka endaweni wangaphambili.

On the enamathela ebusweni Kumiswa esivikela inhlabathi ngokumelene Ukuwohloka efanayo, futhi bobabili ngamanzi nomoya. Ngokuvamile, uhla imisebenzi ku semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla kulokhu zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Lokhu enamathela kuvimbela ukukhula ukhula, ayivumeli ukushiya umswakama futhi kusiza ukwenza kusebenze microflora umhlabathi futhi izenzo njengesisekelo kabusha enhlabathini evundile izingqimba, okwandisa umkhiqizo. Uma lokhu akusho ukuthi alinganiselwe eyodwa utshani kuphela futhi biomass ukuthi esasisele enkundleni ngemuva isivuno izitshalo ukuthengisa. Kufanele kube emihle, kanye nezinye izinto. Ngokwesibonelo, asebenzisa ngayo ngokuphumelelayo semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla zikaphayini, izinsalela zommbila, zonke izinhlobo hulls ne amagxolo sawdust, kanye nezinye eco-friendly, kodwa eziphumelelayo ngokuya ukufihla ibhizinisi imfucuza. Isidingo eliphezulu semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla ngenxa isidingo nxephezela izakhiwo zokuzivikela, okuyinto kokulahlekelwa emhlabathini ngenxa kwehliswa ukucutshungulwa imisebenzi.

phansi Umanyolo

Ushintsho indlela elungiselela umhlaba ukuze kutshalwe futhi kulinywe amasu abavamile babekwazi asithinti base izakhi we ungqimba inhlabathi. Encishisiwe ukucutshungulwa umfutho kanye nokulondolozwa kwezitshalo ezisalayo kusukela biomass isiko esekhulile kusiza ukuphungula subsurface lokushisa gradients. Futhi, microclimate ngaphezulu inhlabathi evumayo ngakho sokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo izinsalela kuka izingqimba engezansi. Ngenxa yalokho, biomass izinsalela ukubola kancane kakhulu, futhi njengoba inqubo kancane nezakhi imfundo. Okokuqala nje lisho izici nitrogen, ukwakheka okuyinto sincike izimo zangaphandle. Kulokhu ukungabi khona ukukhuthazwa inhlabathi nezilwanyana ezincane, okuyinto kumasistimu ezivamile lusenza zilima, kuholela ekwandeni nitrogen ne-carbon kwezinsalela namaminerali. Ngakho, kunesidingo ukunikezela umhlaba izakhi eyengeziwe ewusizo.

Ukulaxazwa kulinywe ngokuyinhloko phuca ikhava umhlaba Ukuvikelwa ngenxa. Uma isakhiwo sangaphakathi elondoloza izinga eliphezulu ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo, izingqimba zangaphandle zidinga ukusetshenziswa yokubulala ukhula. Ukuze uthuthukise isivuno futhi luqhutshwa kwalokho nitrogen umquba. Kodwa-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi izicelo ebusweni-ukusakaza izingxenye ezinjalo kufanele kwenziwe omningi ukuze sivale lapho sisilela ukulahlekelwa ezingaba khona. Nakulokhu futhi kufanele wakhumbula ukuthi ubuchwepheshe zero namanje at the stage of ukucutshungulwa eyinhloko eyenza isethulo ezijulile kukamanyolo phakathi kulinywe. Kulokhu, umthamo kungase kungahambisani kwezinkambiso bendabuko, ngoba iqeda engozini nitrogen volatilization. Esikhathini esizayo, izinkinga ezifanayo ne weathering zikamanyolo phezu luqedwe ngokusebenzisa amasu ukuze neglubinnuyu kulinywe. Empeleni, isici esiyinhloko ekwenzeni izinga kwezakhi akuyona ngisho indlela yokwenza nokulinganisela izinto. Namuhla, ithuthukiswe sigqoka ekhethekile yakhelwe umhlaba wokuhlwanyela oqondile.

izimiso Jikelele yokuhlwanyela

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe eqeda ovula ukusebenza, futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i ngu ukuhlwanyelwa oqondile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukufika Kwenziwa ngokuqondile izinsalela izitshalo ezindala, walondoloza enkundleni njengoba semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla. Kodwa, ukuze uthole nomphumela ofiselekayo ka ukujikeleza, kubalulekile ekuqaleni ukubala kwabantu bayo. Lokhu ipharamitha kunqunywa izici eziningi uba ngaphansi kokuphatha kukabani ithonya kuzokwenzeka yezinhlelo at zero uhlelo. Ikakhulukazi, phakathi kwabo kukhona izimo zezulu, Inhlabathi, ndawo, nokunye. D. Njengoba izuzwe elikhulu ukuminyana ukusatshalaliswa imbewu, ningaqiniseka ukuthi ukuhluma ngokushesha zalesi sihlahla esizayo.

Ngo amapulazi professional yisithombo ukuminyana ibalwa ngenani izithombo per unit endaweni esekelwe ukusetshenziswa esiphezulu amanzi, ukukhanya kanye Ukukhetha efanele izakhamzimba. Okunengi wesifunda Ukukhetha kanye ukucushwa isiyonke kokwehla luncike uhlobo imishini esetshenziswa. Ngokungafani nezindlela ezivamile kulinywe ubuchwepheshe "bazi-Size" kuhilela ukusetshenziswa amathuluzi akhethekile elakhelwe zokutshala oqondile. Imininingwane imishini enjalo ngenxa ezicini eziningana, phakathi kwalokho ukuvundulula ukwelashwa isimiso.

Ukusetshenziswa izindlela lobuchwepheshe

Ngokuvamile inqubo zokutshala luyasetshenziswa nge turbonozha, esihlinzeka qualitative mikrovspashku recessing inhlabathi kumiswa. Lokhu kuyenza olunembile futhi eqondile imbewu ukubekwa. Kulokhu, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene imishini, izitshalo ezithile. izixazululo ejwayelekile kubhekwe turbonozh eyenza ukusika futhi Harrow phansi ngesikhathi ka-10 amasentimitha ukujula. Futhi kufanele kuphawulwe lapha kungenye yezimfanelo ebalulekile imishini yezolimo ukuhlwanyelwa oqondile. Kufanele kube yinto engenzeka ukuthi ncamashi ukuphinda zonke semfene wokukhululeka, okuvumela kumiswa anemifantu oyifunayo ukujula. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ngesikhathi kulungiselelwa amasimu kuze kube "Yazi-Size" uhlelo kubalulekile ukwenza ukuqondanisa eliphezulu. Lesi simo Uyoqeda ezinganembile e ebeka imbewu.

Lungisani ukukhubazeka ebusweni turbonozh Racks eqondiswa rotary entwasahlobo indlela, okuvumela ithuluzi ukuqinisekisa inhlabathi ukufana ngenkathi isigaba. Kukhona futhi ukulungiswa lapho ikhaba eqondiswa ngikwazi ukuqala. Ngokuya ukusebenza ezindaweni engalingani ukhetho okubi kakhulu, kusukela ezindaweni namabhampa agcwalise imishini okuhambisa umthwalo akulona uhlaka, kodwa kwakuyiyo yonke Coulter design, ngenxa eziphula ukuzinza inkambo ahlabayo disc isethi ukujula. On wonke uhla imishini yezolimo ukuze imisebenzi enjalo kufanele ezisuselwa kuzakhiwo ezifana unethemba ahlabayo kwezitshalo izinsalela, ukuqinisekisa ahlabayo bushelelezi futhi ukubekwa uphawu kwabangu-inhlabathi kutshalwa izinto ngokuqinile ngokuvumelana ukujula edingekayo. Yiqiniso, ukusebenza okuphelele, akukho ukwakhiwa singanikezwanga, kodwa ungathola eduze kwabo, uma izinga kusengaphambili kanye nezici ezithile site, lapho iyunithi izosetshenziswa.

Izinzuzo ubuchwepheshe

Mayelana nalesi ubuchwepheshe akusho ukuthi aqede Umninipulazi waseGroot asemrarweni futhi ngezindleko, okukuvumela ukubala ku esilinganayo izitshalo, kanye zabasebenzi ekwenzeni amasu ukutshalwa classical. Uneziqu amaningi umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama yayo, kodwa futhi eziningi izimfanelo ezikhangayo, futhi. Empeleni, njengoba abaqalene nokusungula ikambiso le ngendlela engcono kubonakaliswa umsebenzi sezolimo namahlathi, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko kuhilela ukuqaliswa izibalo okunengqondo ukusebenza phansi. Njengoba for izinzuzo, ohlangothini ezikhanga kakhulu ubuchwepheshe ziyancipha ukunciphisa imishini izindleko, uphethiloli ngenxa yalo, kanye ukuze wonge isikhathi.

Isici esibalulekile iyona kulondolozwe izimfanelo nomhlabathi ovundile. Wathi ukuguguleka kuyingozi hhayi kuphela yokuncipha kwesizini ezithela, kodwa futhi Ukuwohloka ehlelekile, okubangela kulendawo ukwala ukucutshungulwa iziza zabo. Nokho, kuleli cala, ezingozini ezinjalo kuyaqedwa, okuvumela abalimi uthembele kokusetshenziswa komhlaba eside. Endaweni ehlukile, ochwepheshe uqaphele, kanye ukunqwabelana umswakama enhlabathini. Uma bendabuko umhlaba ukutshala kuthuthukisa isakhiwo yayo, ekulondolozweni ungqimba evundile kuyasiza kulesetayelekile izimo umswakama. Lokhu inzuzo ikakhulukazi ezibalula asemaqeleni futhi ezindaweni ezomile lapho isivuno kuyinto encike ngqo kwi izimo zezulu.

ubuchwepheshe amaphutha

Okokuqala kuyafaneleka eziningi imikhawulo ungavumeli ukuba usebenzise lesi simiso e eziningi izimo. Lokhu kusebenza, isibonelo, indawo nge predominance kwamazwe omanzi exhaphozini. Aphazamisa le ehilelekile kungenzeka kwenzeka ukuthi phansi bazonikezwa eliphezulu amanzi ohlelweni. Lapha kuyafaneleka imikhawulo ukusebenza emasimini engalingani ukuthi azisizi ukulungisa ngezinjongo ezinjalo. Nokho, lezi zimo efanayo ekahle hhayi nje tillage ezivamile, emthwesa izinzuzo main emimoya ubuchwepheshe "bazi-Size" endaweni ukusebenza ejwayelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, kumayelana ibhalansi umswakama, esimweni nezinkinga amaxhaphozi ku indiza ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa zokutshala ngqo ku emazweni anjalo nje zingenzeki.

Futhi, naphezu izinzuzo ngesimo ukongiwa izimfanelo evundile zero tillage uhlelo kunalokho kahle ngokuya izakhiwo Ukuvikelwa inhlabathi. Ngokuvamile kulezi izimo zisebenze Amagciwane kanye izinambuzane, okuyinto kusiza ukuqeda ukuphela kwendlela esebenzayo ukuvikelwa amakhemikhali. Phakathi ukushiyeka No-kuze lugujwa nokuba yinkimbinkimbi yayo isihlobo ekuklanyweni. Yena kokululama kokuba ukwenza ezivamile imisebenzi efile, kodwa evusa izidingo ukuze uzivumelanise nezindinganiso ukutshala isiko. Ngisho ubungcweti sezolimo namahlathi akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ukusekelwa yayo bazokwazi ngokuphumelelayo nokuqalisa ubuchwepheshe, kutholwe isivuno esihle. Umlimi, ngokukhethekile, zidinga ukwesekwa okufanele kwezitshalo rotations, kanye ulwazi zinhlobo futhi isicelo ethize zinambuzane ahlukahlukene. Futhi lokho ingasaphathwa Ukucabangela izici zendawo inhlabathi, isimo sezulu, ulwazi mayelana izinambuzane nokunye. D.

Izici isicelo ubuchwepheshe eRussia

Pace-abenzi sokuthuthukiswa yobuchwepheshe izazi zezolimo namahlathi eCanada, Australia Brazil. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, Russia sikhombisa ukusebenza ngokuya ngokwaneliseka endaweni elalihlala zokutshala oqondile kunalokho nesizotha. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iningi umhlabathi olimekayo yasekhaya akuyona nje ekahle ukuqaliswa indlela No-kuze, futhi abadinga ke. emazweni ezinjalo azivamile wanisela, okwandisa ukuhlobana umbuzo ekubulungeni umswakamo isimo somhlabathi. Okwamanje eRussia ubuswa izindlela classical agronomical ukuze alondoloze umswakama izinkomba, phakathi okuyinto baziwa izindlela wokunisela. Kodwa ukuphumelela kwalesi indlela yokulondoloza isimo inhlabathi i elilungile kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka izazi zezolimo namahlathi. Izibuyekezo ukusho ukuthi ngenkasa kusho isenzo njengoba umkhakha alizibonanga Ukuntuleka kwamanzi, kodwa le nkinga ongema eyishumi ezayo bese ukwedlulisela kulesi simiso esisha kuyoba buhlungu kakhulu.

Nokho umkhuba ezithile besebenzisa zero-umhlaba ukucutshungulwa ubuchwepheshe abalimi Russian khona. Basebenzisa a izidindi zibe inqubo ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini futhi siqasha isu elikhethekile lapho seeding. Ikakhulukazi Agro-technical eziyinkimbinkimbi inikeza izindawo zokulahla umsebenzisi, Chisel futhi indiza, okuyinto ngokuyisisekelo nomphumela ofanayo njengoba turbonozhi. Kwenza ukusetshenziswa amasu zero-tillage futhi abheke ukuthi kungenzeka kwezomnotho. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi abanikazi ezindaweni ezinkulu, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukutshala yendabuko elikhulu imishini kanye nokugcinwa yayo.

isiphetho

Yiqiniso, umbandela esiyinhloko ukukhethwa uhlelo lokulima umphumela. Kulokhu, isivuno kanye nekhwalithi libe nezici. Prakthiza ebonisa ukuthi yesimanje uhlelo lokulima ngesimo No-kuze ubuchwepheshe usuthathelwa iphethini ajwayelekile kulinywe. Noma kunjalo, ukutshalwa ezivamile olubanzi Umanyolo elithela izithelo, kusukela lapho kuze kube abalimi ambalwa bazimisele ukunikeza. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iyashelela futhi ngendlela enenzuzo zokuxhashazwa Izwe lisatholakala uhlelo zero. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa kweminyaka eminingi isipiliyoni sokusebenza kwawo e-Canada, e-Australia nakwamanye amazwe, okuyinto hlala endaweni yokuqala rankings yomkhiqizo wezolimo e. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-indlela kumele liqale sihlaziye Ukwakheka inhlabathi. Ukuhlolwa nge kwathatha nobuchwepheshe obusha ingozi kwezifundo ezimbalwa, futhi professional nokusetshenziswa imishini ephambili nezinqubo iyabiza, nakuba, futhi ukusebenza uma.