UBorisov-Musatov, umculi. Biography. Ukudala

Borisov-Musatov - isibongo somculi waseRussia ophawulekayo, osebenza imisebenzi yakhe ngokushesha. Uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umculi wezidleke ezinhle". Ungangeza "umculi we-lilac" - uhle kakhulu emigodini yakhe, ngakho-ke kukhona abaningi - ungambona kulezi zikhukhula njenge "Self-portrait nodade", "Spring", "Kwangathi izimbali".

Ummeleli wesiliva we-Silver Age

Ukwakhiwa kwaleli master, ummeli ovelele kakhulu futhi odumile we-Volga Art School, kubhekisela ekuboniseni, noma kunalokho, esiteji sesibili. Umculi uBorisov-Musatov uhlanganiswe emgumbini wabakhi abahlakaniphile be-Silver Age. Imigqa ka-A. Akhmatova "... kanye nenyanga yesiliva ekhanyayo ngaphezu kwesikhathi semali yesiliva ...", eyanikeza igama ngalesi sikhathi, ifaneleka kakhulu emigodini yomculi. Ubuhle, ukucaca, ukuthula nokuthula ...

Ukuvela kwegama elidumile

Ungubani yena, V. E. Borisov-Musatov? Ukuqala kwegama lomculi kanye ne-patronymic kunqunywa njengo-Victor Elpidiforovich. Igama elingavamile likayise lithatha indawo yakhe emlandweni wezempi waseRussia - phakathi neMpi Yezwe Lokuqala izibhamu eziningana zaqanjwa ngamagama.

Ngo-Ephreli 2, 1870, isisebenzi somzila u-Elpidifor Borisovich Musatov waba ubaba, wayenomfana. Umculi wesikhathi esizayo wayethanda kakhulu umndeni, ikakhulukazi umkhulu wakhe, ubuntu obuqhakazile futhi obuhlukile, wayeziqhenya kakhulu kangangokuthi igama lakhe - uBoris - wathatha isinyathelo emndenini igama elithi Musatov. Ngenxa yalokho, umhlaba uyazi umculi, ogama lakhe linguBorisov-Musatov.

Yenza izikhathi zokushaya

Yiqiniso, ungahlala iminyaka eyikhulu futhi ungazi lutho ngaleli master elimangalisayo. Kodwa uma kwenzeka ubone izithombe zakhe, futhi kuyisifiso sokuba nesibindi (akuningi kakhulu kubo, kuphela 77 - impilo yomculi yayifushane kakhulu), akhunjulwa kuze kube phakade, eshiya emphefumulweni ngendlela efanayo nemisebenzi ethile kaTurgenev, owahlabelela izwe lokuhlonipha esifundazweni. U-Victor Borisov-Musatov wayengahlali ngesikhathi somlobi ohlakaniphile. Abanye abagxeki bayamangalela ngemidwebo yakhe yezindlela kanye nezindlela. Kodwa emisebenzini enjengokuthi "I-Nest Noest", "Asya", izivalo zalo mculi - "Pond", "Ukulinda Izivakashi", "Ukulondeka" - yimifanekiso emihle kakhulu. Ochwepheshe bathi imidwebo yomsebenzi, izinkomba.

Icala elibuhlungu

Umculi ngokwakhe kusukela ebuntwaneni wayezungezwe uthando, okwamsiza ukuba angathukutheli futhi akhule umuntu omuhle kakhulu futhi onomusa. Wayehlala ehlangene nabantu abanozwela. Isigameko esibuhlungu esenzeke naye eneminyaka emithathu ubudala - wehla ebhentshini, futhi ngenxa yokulimala komgogodla we-Viti encane, i-hump yaqala ukukhula - yonakalisa kakhulu impilo yomfana. Kamuva, uBorisov-Musatov, owaziwa ngegama elifushane kakhulu, wayengenakuqeda iSt. Petersburg Art Academy ngenxa yesimo sezulu esinzima.

Izifiso zokuqala zokudala

Dweba umfana eneminyaka engama-6 ubudala, ekugcineni u-14 unquma ukuba ngumdwebi futhi ngo-1886 uba umfundi we-studio yangasese ye-artist-wanderer V.V. Konovalov. Uhlanganyele kuwo iminyaka engama-4, edlule ngeSonto esikoleni uN. Ananiev. Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni ngo-1898, uyaqhubeka ethola ulwazi esiteshini seSaratov Society of Art Lovers.

E-Saratov, isikhungo esikhulu somthengisi (saziwa ukuthi abathengisi babeyiziphathamandla zobuciko), kwakukhona iqoqo elihle kakhulu lemisebenzi yomdwebo womhlaba. Umdali wethu osemusha wayeyivakashele ngokuhlelekile futhi wathatha izifundo kumculi ovakashele wase-Italy uG. Barakki. Ngakho, uBorisov-Musatov wenza ngempumelelo indlela yokudweba. Ngomnyaka we-1898, omunye wemisebenzi yakhe yokuqala, egcinwe ezinsukwini zethu, isithombe esihle, esibhalwe ngokucophelela nangomdwebo "Window".

Ukuqala kokuqeqeshwa okujulile

Kusukela ngo-1890 uBurisov-Musatov - umfundi we-Moscow Art College. Kodwa ezama ukuqonda kangako ikhono, usuka ePetersburg, ekilasini likaP PP Chistyakov. Ngenxa yempilo embi, uBorisov-Musatov ubuyela eMoscow, lapho, kusukela ngo-1893, wafunda noVD Polenov. Efuna ukuphelela okuqhubekayo, lo mculi waya eParis ngo-1895 wangena esikoleni samabanga aphansi esithi "Atelier Cormona". Umnikazi wayo wayengumdwebi odumile waseFrance uFernand Cormon, owatholwa ngo-1880 ngomsebenzi wakhe we-Order of the Legion of Honor, futhi ngo-1898 wahola i-French National School of Fine Arts. Futhi esikoleni sakhe sangasese abadwebi baseRussia bavakashela uRoerich no-Isaak Batyukov.

Isikhathi seParis

EParis, uBorisov-Musatov wayethuka yizikhukhula zikaPuuv de Chavanne, ongumfanekiso weFrance, ongakwazi ukungena esikoleni njengomfundi. Yiqiniso, ngenkathi ehlala kule ndawo ehlonishwayo yobuciko bezwe, umdwebi waseRashiya akazange akwazi ukuzibandakanya nomsebenzi wezingcweti kanye nama-postist-impressionists. Ngokusondelene naye kwakuwumsebenzi ka-Auguste Renoir, uPaul Gauguin noBertha Morisot. Kuhle kangakanani isithombe esibhaliwe ngalesi sikhathi, "Iklabishi ne-Willow"! Yeka ukuthi iphikisana kanjani nomsebenzi we-Impressionists! Kodwa ikakhulukazi esondelene naye futhi ehambisana naye yizithombe-amaphaneli weqembu elithi symbolist "Nabi" (elisho ekuhunyushweni okuvela olimini lwesiHeberu "umprofethi, okhethiwe" - ngakho ngokuzithoba abiza ngokuthi nabidy). Kwafaka uPaul Sérusieux (umholi), uPeter Bonnard, u-Eduard Vuillard noMaurice Denis.

I-Renaissance - isisekelo sokudweba

Ukuzivumelanisa zonke izitayela zanamuhla, ngokusekelwe emisebenzini yobuciko yamakhosi asekudala, uVictor Borisov-Musatov, odwetshwayo ukuveza lokhu, ukuthuthukisa indlela yakhe yokubhala. Futhi, eqinisweni, njengabo bonke abaculi bezwe, wafunda imisebenzi yabaculi abadumile eLouvre. Isithombe sakhe sasiyiLeonardo da Vinci, owathi phakathi kwezinye izinto, njengomunye umuntu, waphumelela emashumini (izithunzi ezibonakalayo). Ngokwezikhathi ezithile, umdwebi waseRussia akazange ahlukane nokukhiqizwa kwe "Gioconda".

Kodwa iningi lezo zithombe zikaBorisov-Musatov zathonywa yizinkolelo ezinjalo zokuzalwa kabusha kwe-Italy njengoFra Angelico noSandro Botticelli. Emsebenzini womuntu onethalente, ogama lakhe liphelele ngobuciko, imisebenzi yabamele isikole esikhulu saseVenetian - iTintoretto, Titian neVereseese - ayikwazanga kodwa ibonakala. Amanye emidwebo kamuva uB Borisov-Musatov yabhalwa ngaphansi kombono, ngendlela yamaNtaliyane (emgodini ohlotshisiwe odweba wawusetshenziselwa i-tempera).

Buyela ekhaya

Omunye wemidwebo yokuqala eyabuyiselwa ezweni lakulo mculi kwakuwumdwebo othi "Self-Portrait noDade", lapho aqala khona ukuveza credo yakhe yokudala - isithombe sezwe langempela ngesimo se-echo of past gone beautiful. Imidwebo yakhe, ngokusho kwabanye abalobi, igcwele ukucabangela okuthakazelisayo kokuphila. Ukuze kudalwe "I-Tapestry", imodeli eyasebenza njengodade oyedwa u-Elena, embukisweni weMoscow Association of Artists Borisov-Musatov ngo-1902 wathola umklomelo.

Ukuveza ngokugcwele umfanekiso jikelele wamazwe, izikhathi kanye namakhosi ezithonya ukwakheka kwe-credo yobuciko bomculi, umuntu akanakuhluleka ukusho i- F.S enkulu. I-Rokotov, kanye nokuqoshwa kweJapane, okwakukhona ngesikhathi sakwa-Art Art Nouveau eRussia.

Ukwakhiwa kwamakhono

Ngemuva kokuthi "i-Self-portrait nodadewabo", imidwebo embalwa, okungukuthi "i-Autumn motif" ne "Harmony", izazi zibhekisela ekuhlulekeni komlobi - zibukeka njengezingubo ezihle kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka lama-XX uBurisov-Musatov, obhekene naso, ngeshwa, wayesesondele ekupheleni, wayejabule kakhulu. E-Saratov, wayenesikole sabaculi abafana nomqondo abaveza imisebenzi yabo ngo-1904 ekubonisweni "I-Scarlet Rose". Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa uP. Kuznetsov, A. Matveev, uM. Matyushin, Utkin noK. Petrov-Vodkin. Ngalesi sikhathi waba nobungane kakhulu no-Andrei Bely noValery Bryusov. Banikezela izinkondlo ezithombeni zikaBurisov-Musatov. Ubuhlobo bezimbongi ezidumile ze-Silver Age zingagwetshwa e-athikili e-posthumous ka-Andrei Bely, eyazinikezelwa kuBorisov-Musatov, "iLilac."

Iminyaka ejabulisayo kakhulu

Ngo-1903, lo mdwebi ushada nomngane wakhe u-Elena Aleksandrova, owesifazane othandekayo nothando owaba umngane wakhe, umsakazo, unina wendodakazi kaMarianna, owazalwa ngo-1904. Imidwebo yale minyaka iyenzeka ngobuciko. Abathengi abancane, kodwa umculi uyaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Konke kuqhubeka, ngokuzikhandla nangokuzikhandla kusebenza, kudweba izithombe ezingu-6-7 ngonyaka. Umndeni uthuthela ePodolsk, kodwa ihlobo lihlala lihlala eDacha kuTarusa. Lo mculi uqobo, echaza impilo yakhe kanye nomsebenzi waleso sikhathi, wathi uhlala ezweni lamaphupho nokucabanga "phakathi kwama-birch groves, aphethwe ubuthongo obunzima bombhotho ekwindla."

Izindwangu ezinhle kakhulu

Ukukhathalela okukhethekile kufanele kulungiswe ingubo, eyabhala ngo-1901 uBurisov-Musatov. "I-Spring", njengoba kukholelwa, yabonisa ukuqala kwesikhathi esisha emsebenzini womculi. Sekuvele kungenakho umugqa olandayo. Mayelana nalo, omunye wababibi bezithombe zangaphambi kokuqala uthi kukhona "akukho nhlobo yomlando lapho". Ubuciko Borisov-Musatov yi-quintessence yezinto zonke ... "Yisindo sokugcina somculo ode kakhulu oye waqeda osukwini lwethu."

Ochwepheshe, ngenxa yalokhu kuqhubeka komculo, qhathanisa noWagner. Izithombe "I-Tapestry", "Pond", "Requiem" (lokhu okushiwo ekufeni okungazelelwe kwaNadezhda Stanyukevich, umfazi womngane osondelene nomlobi) inhle kakhulu.

Ukufa kubeka konke endaweni yayo

Kodwa, njengoba kunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuqashelwa kwangempela kuza ngemuva kokufa. Umculi ufa ngokuzumayo ehlobo lika-1905 e-dacha eTarusa. Wayengekho mdala, kodwa imisebenzi eminingi ebuhlungu ayikwazanga kodwa ithinte impilo yakhe. UBorisov-Musatov wangcwatshwa lapha, eTarusa ayewuthandayo, ebhishi eliphezulu e-Oka River. Ngo-1907 kwavulwa umbukiso othi "Blue Rose", ogama lakhe lanikezwa ngu-Andrei Bely, futhi umgogodla walo owakhiwa ngabangane abasondelene kakhulu bakaBorisov-Musatov, wabhekwa njengomholi wazo. Imidwebo yenziwa emphakathini, imibukiso yabanjwa emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, enye yemidwebo yathengwa nguAndré Gide, inkanyezi ye-modernism yesiFulentshi. Futhi-ke, umsebenzi wakhe wathinteka emisebenzini yamakhosi alandelwayo, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kwe-gardens.