Tir amaloli: kusho ukuthini? Imithetho for ukuthutha wezimpahla ngaphansi Tir

Iningi lethu livame kakhulu kubonakala ku amaloli Tir umbhalo, kodwa bambalwa kakhulu abantu bazi ukuthi wokufunda le isifinyezo, futhi ukuthi, ngokomthetho, kusho. Lesi sihloko kuyoba inkulumo ngalokho kusho ukuthini Tir amaloli futhi ucabangele yonke imininingwane ngokuningiliziwe.

Ubuqili Ukudlula ukulawula isimo

Ekuqaleni, isibonelo, ukuthi ukulawula isimo simi ngale ndlela: uma into igadiwe luhamba ngaphandle Russia, umshini wokuqala uhlola Rostransinspektsiya ke amasiko izikhulu kanye onogada basemngceleni e sesihambile. Ezimweni lapho imoto elawulwa ingena imingcele Russia, kwasekuqaleni, wayeyoba ngaphansi kolawulo yomngcele ke ukusebenza nalo abameleli Rostrnasinspektsii nezokugcina - amasiko. Kuvele caveat ebalulekile, ngokushesha kufanele siqaphelisise: iyunithi ngayinye okwalandela elilawulayo ayikwazi ukuqala ukufeza imisebenzi yabo, kuyilapho umsebenzi wabo is hhayi kuqeda ukulawula isimo odlule.

Sokuqonda izifinyezo ngamazwe

Ngakho, Tir iloli - kuyini? Enguqulweni isiRashiya ababevela isiFulentshi, lezincwadi ezintathu kusho "Ezokuthutha International Routier" (Tir - Russian okulingana ifasitela lokuzula notation). Uma sikubeka kalula, Tir - izinkomba emfushane uhlelo ngamazwe, okuyinto livumela inqubo ngokuqinile esungulwe ukuthutha ezihlukahlukene izimpahla yonkana kwemingcele phakathi kwamazwe okuyinto yena, wajoyina nezivumelwano efanele. Okungukuthi, ukuze baqonde ukuthi kusho ukuthini Tir, kubalulekile ukuba aveze khona Customs Isentha eNhlangano yeziZwe ukuthutha ngamazwe. Ukuze ulawule uhlelo echazwe isebenzisa International Road Transport Union (Iru). Esikhathini sethu, ohlelweni bajoyinwa 67 izizwe ngazinye zezwe futhi wonke-European Union.

Encwadi ngemgwaco ngamazwe (Tir)

I Tir umbhalo izinqola kusho ukuthi izimpahla emotweni, kukhona ebhaliswe Tir Carnet - idokhumenti ekhethekile kokuba amafomu izinyembezi-off (amashidi), ngasinye sazo wasuswa ngaleso ukudlula olandelayo amasiko ukuhlolwa (okuseshwa ngamunye unelungelo usebenzise eyodwa ishidi yencwadi) kuphela. ukukhuluma Bebonke, konke lokhu kusho ukuthi le nqola ine amasiko idokhumenti wonke amazwe omhlaba enikeza ilungelo umnikazi we wezimpahla ukulihambisa ngaphesheya komngcele ngaphansi inqubo luhlolo lula.

amafomu Carnet lawo izinhlangano eziye kugunyazwe ezweni ngalinye abathintekayo ohlelweni Tir. Uma sikhuluma Russian Federation, kuba Association of International Road zenethiwekhi (AIAC), esemgwaqweni eMoscow. Ingatholakala kanjani futhi akhiphe Tir Carnet, isikhathi esingakanani uzodinga imali, uhlu kwemibhalo edingekayo yokubhalisa izincwadi - konke kuba ihogela ithonya AIH futhi ulawulwa. Imininingwana ezeleko ngale ndaba kungatholakala kwiwebhusayithi kwenhlangano.

Izici Ezihilelekile Kule Tir Carnet

Uma ucabangela mbuzo: "? Lisho ukuthini Tir iloli", Kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela imininingwane Tir Carnet.

Lo mbhalo ibukeka ifana kakhulu ngesakhiwo notebook enkulu, okuyinto has:

• Mustard-anemibala ikhava.
• Cargo manifest alungiselelwe ophuzi.
• Amabhola-leaf ne izimpande, elanyatheliswa ngo-ngazimbili ngemibala omhlophe noluhlaza okotshani.
• protocol ishidi.
• Flyleaf ukumboza uqobo futhi izinyembezi-off yayo ingxenye.

Incwadi ngayinye enjalo inikezwa inamba yayo serial ehlanganisa amadijithi eziyisikhombisa kanye pair of izinhlamvu zesiLatini. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi leli dokhumenti inkathi elinganiselwe, okuyinto kungabonwa isitembu Lananyathiselwa ikhava.

Izici traffic Tir

Ukuhlaziya ngokuningiliziwe lokho kusho ukuthini izinqola Tir, siyasho: ngaphambi kokuqala uhambo imoto ngamunye ikhophi eyodwa ekhishwe Tir Carnet, okuyinto isebenza kuze kube isiphelo sesimiso ukuvakasha. Ngo inqubo ikalishi kwezimpahla ngu ezisebenzini zasemingceleni lalawo mazwe, lapho kweqa imoto umngcele, ukuhlolwa wenziwa kuphela ubuqotho zamanzi, esungulwe ngaphambili. Ngemva kwalokhu isheke, uma ukwephulwa kophawu ubuqotho atholakala, isikhulu amasiko elisebenzisa owodwa ishidi Tir izincwadi futhi kugcwalisa zonke izikhala kuya kwesobunxele e- counterfoil yayo ehambisana. Ngakho, Tir-zokuthutha kunalokho isandla ezilawulwayo. Kubandakanya esibekiwe kanye nezinqubo kwaqedwa Tir Carnet, engatholwa ngumuntu imfundo ekhethekile, ekhiqizwa, kuhlanganise futhi ngesiRashiya.

imisebenzi

Association of International Automobile zenethiwekhi uyokhokhiswa ngokugcwele kumamukeli ukugcwaliseka iziqinisekiso yayo ukuphepha wezimpahla futhi ngokomthetho obhekene imisebenzi yalezo abashayeli bamaloli abasebenzisa Tir Carnet.

Ezimweni lapho kukhona izimangalo evumelekile ngokugcwele amanye zenethiwekhi, AIH ithatha ngokuphelele zonke izindaba phezu, futhi ngemva ekubhekaneni violator imithetho, alithathe izinyathelo ezifanele ngesisekelo imithetho ekhona.

Nokho, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi Tir umbhalo izinqola akusho ukuthi amasiko ngeke Unelungelo ukuvula wezimpahla kuhlole. Uma kukhona izizathu eziqondile sokugcina amasiko isikhulu uMbuso mumbe, okuzokwenza umngcele lokhu imoto ingakwazi ukuthwala nokulawula okugcwele umthwalo.

Ulwazi manifest wezimpahla

Njengoba abaningi banesithakazelo: «Tir amaloli - okungukuthi," ukuthi Kubalulekile ukubhekana ngokucophelela nale dokhumenti, njengoba manifest wezimpahla. Liqukethe ulwazi olulandelayo:

• Idatha yezwe umthumeli kanye State umamukeli.
• Customs, umkhumbi izimpahla, futhi umngcele igunya itholakele.
• Uhlu lidlule amasiko amaphuzu.
• Igama lomkhiqizo, ngokuvumelana TN Ved ikhodi, isisindo ingqikithi, inani lezihlalo, nokunye. N.
• Uhlu imibhalo ezihambisana izimpahla kanye inkomba izinombolo zabo.
• Inombolo yokubhalisa we imoto, ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla.
• Non-efakwe zamanzi, izitembu namanye amasiko iphuzu.

Ukwenza zonke lezi imibhalo kungcono ukuphathisa ochwepheshe olufanele, ngokuvamile okungabantu abasuke at amasiko amaphuzu.

phezulu

Umbhalo Tir amaloli, ukubaluleka okuyinto esizoyicabangela kulesi iphepha ngokuningiliziwe, kubonisa ukuthi uyaqiniseka ukuthi umkhiqizo zizokwenziwa kanye CMR maphilisi inothi. Lezi zincwadi zibizwa uzilungiselele okungenani triplicate. Ngamunye wabo eqinisekise yibo bobabili umthumeli kanye yenethiwekhi. Idokhumenti yokuqala uhlala umthumeli kanti lawa amanye amabili travel elingenalutho ne izimpahla.

Ngemva kokuphothulwa inqubo zithutha ka ikhophi, okuyinto esiphathiswa, eliqinisekiswe yi-party ethola futhi kunikezwa yenethiwekhi. Umnikazi omusha we izimpahla ukushiya ikhophi lokugcina idokhumenti. Ukuze idatha ukucophelela kanye ngokugcwalisa enomthwalo wemfanelo kabani ukuphrinta siyoma inombolo kukholomu 22. inothi oluthile isikhashana ezifana: kuzo zonke lezo zimo yedatha phezulu kufanele kube ngokuphelele ezifanayo.

Imithetho yezokuthutha ngamazwe

Tir okusho ngokuya ngokulandelana sokubhalisa motor abathwali imvume ukuzivocavoca wezimpahla nokuhamba kwazo international? Cabanga imininingwane.

Kuze kube manje, wonke la imisebenzi kulawulwa inombolo ilungiselelo elikhethekile 505 ka-May 24, 2012. I mqondo main amalungiselelo zimi kanje:

• Ofaka isicelo kumele abe izimoto, okuyinto ezakhe futhi banelise tidzingo lezi zilinganiso.
• Ukuze ezokuthutha international kufanele ubanjwe abantu bayolandisa abanekhono.
• Inkampani yenethiwekhi ubophekile ukuba umshwalense.

Ukwenza imvume ngemgwaco kudinga ukubaluleka international:

• Ukulethwa isicelo olufanele ukuze athole ilayisensi.
• Qinisekisa ubunikazi imoto.
• Have imibhalo eqinisekisa ukubhaliswa isimo imoto.
• Have umshwalense.
• Ukunikeza imibhalo ebonisa professional ngaphansi umsebenzi.
• Ukutholakala yokusungula kwemibhalo enikeziwe.

Wonke amadokhumenti ngaphezu isicelo kufanele athumele ukwahlukana wendawo Rostransnadzora ngesikhathi sokubhaliswa sakhe siqu.

Incazelo SafeTIR

Njengoba kuboniswa umkhuba eside, ngokuphelele zonke uhlelo lwekhompyutha kungaphansi okungenzeka malware, ezifana nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kusukela ngaphandle, ngakho-ke sidinga ukuvikelwa efanele. International Tir ezokuthutha uhlelo futhi ukujabulela ngokugcwele zonke "izintelezi" umsebenzi izigebengu wesimanje, ngakho kunesidingo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabo.

Tir iloli (kuyini, sicabanga ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni) - akuyona nje isibonakaliso, kodwa iwuphawu ezingeni eziphakeme zokulondeka imisebenzi yezokuthutha ngamazwe. Ngo-1995, i-Administrative Committee uhlelo wanquma ukusungula Izilawuli ekhethekile ku ukusetshenziswa Tir Carnet System. Lolu hlelo wabizwa ngokuthi SafeTIR.

Ngandlela-thile kamuva, i-International Road Transport Union wenze ithuluzi asizayo-computer okuthiwa «SafeTIR ngesikhathi sangempela", okuyinto ikuvumela ukuthumela ngokushesha lonke ulwazi mayelana isenzo Iru Tir usuphothuliwe. Konke lokhu imininingwane ngemuva kokuthola itholakala ku ngokuphelele wonke amalungu uhlelo, ukuze bayakwazi angabacwasi ngokushesha ukuqinisekisa ngamunye Tir Carnet.

Ezokuthutha kanye isimemezelo

Ngaphambi isimemezelo uhlelo (Tir-EPD) namuhla kusekelwa 31 States, kuhlanganise ohlwini kanye Russian Federation, okuvame zingatholakala ku Tir amaloli (lokhu mbhalo imoto, sesikubonile esiphethweni). Advance isethulo kolwazi kwenza kube nokwenzeka kakhulu esheshisa futhi lula imvume okwalandela nokulawula at amasiko amaphuzu, nakho kunomthelela kakhulu namandla amasiko okuthunyelwe.

ekuseni isimemezelo uhlelo has izinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• Kuncike sona ngesihle.
• Asiqinisekisa uwedwa.
• Ungakwazi adlulisele ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana traffic yizimpahla ngokushesha emazweni amaningi.
• Ukwenza Izinto Zibe Lula nokuphepha ukusetshenziswa.

Amasiko iziphathimandla , uhlelo ikuvumela:

• Isiqinisekiso yokuthola ulwazi kuphela motor zenethiwekhi.
• Qinisekisa ukuba yiqiniso kwale ndaba. nalesi simemezelo izincwadi Tir.
• Ukunikeza ulwazi kusengaphambili mayelana traffic oluzayo.
• Hlola ukuba yiqiniso kwalesi Tir Carnets.

ubudlelwane ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba, lesi simiso ikuvumela:

• Ukuze wehlise izingozi ezingase zibe khona.
• Lula amasiko empambana cordons.
• Nciphisa izindleko izimpahla.

ezingokoqobo Russian

Namuhla, ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana Tir amaloli. Kusho ukuthini lokhu ku umkhuba? Ngeshwa, ngempela ubuhlobo isikhathi eside phakathi Iru kanye isiRashiya ayesinda. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene ngesikhathi 2002-2015, umehluko ngezinye izikhathi kwafinyelela izinga ezibucayi ezifana eyasongela ukusonga ngokuphelele ngisho nokubambisana kancane phakathi kwezinhlangano. ihlobo Kugcine, sekube ezinye lokuthi isimo sizoba ngcono, kodwa akekho ongabikezela ngokugcwele ukuthi uzogcina. Kusukela konke lokhu sikwazi iziphetho ezilandelayo:

• Amahhovisi amasiko we Russian Federation uyophendukela ekucwaningeni uhlelo Tir futhi afeze yesondlo zalezi zimoto ngesisekelo izivumelwano sivunyiwe. Kodwa uhlu lwalabo Amahhovisi amasiko, noma bavumelana ukuthi amaqembu, nakuba ayengafiki ekugcineni evunyiwe ezingeni zikahulumeni kuleli zwe, futhi ngaleyo ndlela noma imuphi iziqinisekiso ukuzinza nokuxhumana, akekho anganika.
• Eqinisweni, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kungaba nezinkinga ngempela ezahlukene sina emngceleni waseRussia, okuyinto kulandele amaloli eziningi. amaloli Tir (okungukuthi, isithombe imoto kanye neminye imininingwane ngale ndaba eziqukethwe sihloko) ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi kungase kube kuhle inkinga ukuthi akukho namuhla omunye ongabikezela. Noma, kunalokho, ubunzima akhona namuhla, futhi inganyamalala. Nokho, kwakungenzeka lokhu Yiqiniso, Kuthi aphansi.

Ngakho, ayikho izikhulu zamanje kanye nabasebenzi bakahulumeni abakwazi ukubikezela ngokugcwele kuthanda kanjani ubudlelwane phakathi Russian Federation kanye Iru esikhathini esizayo. Sithemba ukuthi ngokusebenzisa lesi sihloko, ungase kahle ukuthola okushiwo umbhalo izimoto Tir nalabo izintandokazi, inikeza sonke ababambe iqhaza ohlelweni.