Isikhungo sokuphehla amandla enuzi e-Ukraine - insika uyakufanelekela umnotho wezwe

Nuclear Power Plant - phezulu amandla lobuchwepheshe isimo, ukunqoba ucwaningo lwesayensi futhi iminyaka yocwaningo olunzulu nokuklama. Yiqiniso, e-Ukraine ohlwini lamazwe lapho amandla enuzi isebenza ukuze kuzuze izakhamuzi.

prehistory

Kuye kwaba phezu engamashumi amabili kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II. Long gone izinsuku lapho kuphela ama ezazisendlini nempahla esebenza ngogesi. Gen. wanelisa, ngcono futhi izimo zokuphila. Hhayi ngaphandle umzamo, kodwa abantu abakwazanga ukuthenga imishini eyehlayo on ugesi: amafriji, nemisakazo, iboshwe ngezinsimbi.

Khudlwana umthwalo inethiwekhi, okwakuqabukela ekuqaleni yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa okunjalo. Uhulumeni ubhekene nesinqumo: ukwakha ngaphezulu ezivamile izitshalo amandla ezishisayo kanye Hydro, noma okunye ungaphuthelwa entendeni, enika bakhethe ukuthuthukiswa amandla enuzi.

Ukuphela sixties - ngesikhathi lapho izwe lase liqala nje ukucabanga mayelana efanele ibe kuhlu lokuhlukumezeka yezenzo zesintu nezemvelo. Kodwa abaqala lokuqala nokuqaphela isidingo ukunakekela iplanethi sekuqalile ikhule futhi ichume.

izitshalo Thermal owabangelwa amalahle nezemvelo ngokuthi akakwazanga isimiso, banikezwe inani izinto eziyingozi ukuthi adedelwa emkhathini. Ukuze amandla kagesi iziteshi kwadingeka umhlatshelo izindawo ezinkulu enhlabathini evundile black Ukrainian - hhayi ukuzikhethela okunengqondo kakhulu.

Ngemva kakhulu mpikiswano nasetetsembisweni zesayensi ukukhanya green nephrojekthi lanikezwa NPPs Ukraine. Usesho kwaqalwa kwatholakala indawo efanelekayo yokwakha.

esiteshini lokuqala

Ngo-May 1970, ngathoma ukuba ukwakhiwa emikhulu ka esikhungweni sokuphehla amandla enuzi lokuqala e-Ukraine. Lena kwakuyindawo ekahle amakhilomitha nanye nje kusukela emngceleni ne Belarus. Atomic Energy Ukraine kwakufanele kuqale nge eChernobyl amandla enuzi. Isigaba sokuqala iphrojekthi emikhulu waqedwa ngeminyaka eyisikhombisa. Ngo-September 1977, kwethulwa ophendulayo lokuqala wanikezwa. Ngu 1983 kwakuvele eyakhelwe amayunithi ezine. Ubude umthamo - megawatts ezine.

Sekukonke, esikhungweni sokuphehla amandla enuzi lokuqala e-Ukraine kwakufanele kube sikhungo eziyisithupha, ukwakhiwa sokugcina cishe igcwaliswe. Kodwa abazange ezimiselwe ukwenza.

26.04.1986 at 01:23, ukuqhuma kwenzeka, esiyingqayizivele hhayi ngaphambili abantu abawaziyo. Atom selukhombisile ukuthi kungaba neze ukuthula uma kabi.

Akunakwenzeka ukubala ukulahlekelwa kuzona inhlekelele: izigidi ngezimali eyabelwe zona okubuyisela, walahlekelwa izinto, zayiswa umuzi, indawo okungayi, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - yokugula ekhulile kanye nokufa of Bendawo abaningi abanesibindi ukuthi izindleko ngempilo yakhe futhi ukuphila wanikeza ithuba lokusinda nabanye abaningi.

Naphezu isimo yokusebenza ngokugcwele nezinye amayunithi, esikhungweni sokuphehla amandla enuzi lokuqala e-Ukraine kancane kancane bayishiya yegridi ye-Ukraine. amandla isizukulwane samiswa lweshumi nanhlanu Disemba 2000.

Eyesibili esiteshini

Ngaphandle ukulinda ukuze kuphelele eChernobyl esikhungweni samandla enuzi uqalwe ukwakhiwa kwalesi Rivne amandla enuzi amakhilomitha amane ukusuka edolobheni Kuznetsovsk. Ukuqala ophendulayo wokuqala kwenziwa eminyakeni eyisikhombisa. esiteshini Ubude has amayunithi ezine, owokugcina okuyinto wafakwa ukusebenza ngo-2003. Umthamo inani namuhla 2.835 MW, okuyinto ngokwanele ukuba namandla angaphezu kuka-emadolobheni amancane. Of sikhungo ezimbili kamuva esishiywe dengwane.

Rivne esiteshini lokuqala eSoviet Union ihlolwe kwi "IAEA" Nuclear Energy Umhlaba Inhlangano.

Rivne NPP ukhiqiza okwesihlanu ugesi ekhiqizwa NPPs Ukraine.

Isiteshi sesithathu

Ngo-1975, ukwakhiwa elesithathu uqalwe Ukrainian esikhungweni samandla enuzi emzini Yuzhnoukrainsk Mykolaiv esifundeni, okuyinto iye ngokukhethekile eyakhelwe esiteshini abasebenzi yokuhlala.

Iyunithi yokuqala iye elixhumene grid iminyaka eyisikhombisa. I last eyodwa - ngo-1989 Inani sikhungo - ezintathu nge umthamo isamba ayizinkulungwane ezintathu MW.

I share jikelele energy ekhiqizwa eziyishumi wamaphesenti Ukrainian enuzi izitshalo amandla ngamunye. Le mali eyanele ukuze izidingo kogesi Nikolaev, Kherson and Odessa izifunda. Ingxenye amandla enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea.

esiteshini wesine

Ngu Eighties ekuseni, ngaba sikuqaphela ngokugcwele kusilela amandla ezindaweni entshonalanga. Ngo-1981 waqala ukwakhiwa Khmelnitsky NPP e Neteshin.

Ukuvulwa grand senzeka ngo-1987

Inani amandla amayunithi - amabili. I ophendulayo yesibili wethulwa 2004. Inani nomthamo 2 MW.

Inombolo nalehleliwe amayunithi - ezine. Kodwa ekuqaleni umsebenzi wokwakha umisiwe unomphela ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali. abalingani Okungase kube ukwakhiwa amabhlogo ezisele kuyinto China.

esiteshini yesihlanu

Futhi ngo-1981, kwaqala umsebenzi wokwakha lo Zaporizhzhya NPP e Energodar.

Okwamanje, kuba isitshalo ngobukhulu yaseYurophu. Inombolo amayunithi - eziyisithupha, amandla ingqikithi 6000 MW. Lena kwesigamu amandla akhiqizwa enuzi izitshalo amandla e-Ukraine.

Isidingo ukwakhiwa enuzi izitshalo amandla esifundeni nje isuke ibangelwa lokuhlushwa imboni yezamandla khudlwana non-ayoni. Ngaphezu esikhungweni sokuphehla amandla enuzi esifundeni, ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa ukukhiqizwa zonke izinhlobo zamandla: umoya, ilanga, ezishisayo kanye Hydro.

isiphetho

amandla enuzi, njengoba wake, manje kubalulekile emakethe amandla. NPPs Ukrainian - fuel Umnotho. Ngenxa lolu hlobo amandla imbozwe ugesi ukushoda ngaphakathi ezweni nasemazweni aphesheya.

Manje uyazi eziningi kanjani izitshalo amandla enuzi e-Ukraine. Kukhona emihlanu kuphela, enye yazo ivaliwe.