Magnesium Alloys isicelo, ngezigaba kanye izakhiwo

Magnesium Alloys benezingane eziningi izakhiwo esiyingqayizivele ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali, eyisikhulu phakathi okuyizinto ukuminyana ongaphakeme namandla eliphezulu. Ukuhlanganisa lezi zimfanelo izinto ne ukwengeza magnesium ivumela imikhiqizo kanye izakhiwo sinezinto eliphezulu amandla izici nesisindo ongaphakeme.

magnesium Imininingwane

Industrial ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa magnesium kuyinto esanda kuqalwa - iminyaka engu-100 kuphela edlule. Lokhu metal has a isisindo ongaphakeme, ngoba lunesibalo iphansana (1.74 g / smᶟ) ukuzinza okuhle emoyeni, alkalis, abezindaba gaseous nokuba okuqukethwe sasekhaya e amafutha amaminerali.

ukuncibilika yayo Iphuzu liwukuthi 650 degrees. It libhekene reactivity okusezingeni eliphezulu kuze amandla omlilo sebengavela emoyeni. Pure amandla magnesium eqine kuyinto 190 MPA, wemfihlo okunwebeka - 4500 MPA, ukunwebeka - 18%. Metal has a high Damping umthamo (ngempumelelo ubamba kunyakaza nokunwebeka) enikeza ke nge obukhulu kakhulu futhi yehlise ukushaqeka luvelo resonance imihlola.

Phakathi kwezinye izici kwalesi sakhi kukhona conductivity enhle ezishisayo, ikhono ongaphakeme ukuncela neutrons ezishisayo futhi usebenzisane fuel zenuzi. Ngenxa Inhlanganisela yalawo izakhiwo magnesium kuyinto impahla ekahle ephezulu lokushisa igobolondo hermetic izakhi ezindaweni zamandla enunzi.

Magnesium elixutshiwe kahle ngezinto ezihlukahlukene futhi siphathelene inani ejenti enamandla ekunciphiseni, okuyinto akunakwenzeka ngaphandle inqubo metallothermy.

Ngesimo okumsulwa it is ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa njengoba dopant ku Alloys aluminium, titanium, namanye izakhi zamakhemikhali. Ngo yokusansimbi ayoni nge-magnesium wenziwa desulfurization ezijulile steel nensimbi, kanye izakhiwo ngcono wale mithandazo ngu spheroidizing graphite.

Magnesium dopants

I dopants ezivamile isetshenziswa Alloys magnesium ezisekelwe zihlanganisa izakhi ezifana aluminium, manganese ne-zinc. aluminium is ngcono ngoku isakhiwo kwandisa fluidity kanye namandla we impahla. Isingeniso zinc futhi inikeza Alloys okuhlala isikhathi eside ne encishisiwe usayizi okusanhlamvu. Sebenzisa manganese noma zirconium kwandisa ukumelana ukugqwala magnesium Alloys.

Ukwengeza zinc kanye zirconium inikeza amandla kakhudlwana futhi ductility metallosmesey. Futhi khona ezingavamile emhlabeni izakhi ezithile ezifana neodymium, cerium, yttrium nokunye., Uthuthukisa nokwanda okuphawulekayo ukushisa ukumelana futhi wandise izakhiwo mechanical magnesium Alloys.

Ukwakha izinto ultralight kokuba kwabantu 1.3 kuya 1.6 g / e mᶟ lithium Alloys yethulwa. Lokhu okufakiwe kungaba ukunciphisa isisindo sabo ngengxenye uma kuqhathaniswa ne-aluminiyamu metallosmesyami. Ngakho indices plasticity zabo, fluidity, processability futhi kuyaqina zitholakala ezingeni eliphezulu.

Ukwahlukanisa Alloys ne-magnesium

Magnesium Alloys ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka nezimfuno eziningi. Ziyakwazi:

• by indlela lokucubungula - ngokuxosha futhi ekhandiwe;
• ngokuvumelana degree of luvelo ukwelashwa ukushisa - ku neuprochnyaemye kanye nokwelashwa lukhuni ukushisa;
• I izakhiwo kanye nezicelo - ukuze ingxubevange ukushisa ukumelana, amandla kanye jikelele-njongo okusezingeni eliphezulu;
• ngu doping uhlelo - kukhona amaqembu amaningana neuprochnyaemyh futhi lukhuni ukwelashwa ukushisa usebenzile magnesium Alloys.

Ukusakaza Alloys

Leli qembu lihlanganisa kwalokho magnesium Alloys, okuhloswe ukwenziwa ezihlukahlukene izingxenye kanye izakhi yisikhunta ekusakazeni. Sinenkosi izakhiwo ezahlukene mechanical, kuye ngokuthi iziphi yizigaba ezintathu:

• sredneprochnye;
• amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu;
• ukushisa ukumelana.

Ngokusho ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali Alloys nazo zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

• aluminium + magnesium + zinc;
• + Zinc + magnesium zirconium;
• Mg + Zr + HLABA ezingavamile.

ingxubevange castability

Kuhle castability izakhiwo phakathi imikhiqizo ala maqembu amathathu abe aluminium-magnesium Alloys. Bangabakhe isigaba materials ngamandla okusezingeni eliphezulu (220 MPA), ngakho kukhona ukhetho engcono ngokwenza injini izingxenye izindiza kanye nezinye izimoto ezisebenza nemibandela imithwalo mechanical ezishisayo.

Ukuze uthuthukise amandla izici aluminiyamu-magnesium Alloys nezinye izakhi is doped. Kodwa khona lensimbi nelethusi ukungcola kuyinto engathandeki, njengoba lezi zinto kufanele ibe nomphumela ongemuhle weldability futhi ukugqwala ukungawi Alloys.

Ekubunjweni magnesium Alloys ibhalwe izinhlobo ezahlukene ukuncibilika amaziko: ukubonakalisa, a Ngobhojwana NgamaFascist nge gas, uwoyela noma kagesi evuthayo Ngobhojwana NgamaFascist noma lokungeniswa amayunithi.

Ukuze uvimbele omlilo e inqubo ukuncibilika ekubunjweni usebenzisa ecucuza ekhethekile kanye izithasiselo. Castings uzilungiselele isihlabathi thusi, igobolondo ekubunjweni kanye usimende, ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi usebenzisa amaphethini utshalomali.

Alloys ekhandiwe

Kuqhathaniswa thusi, usebenzile magnesium Alloys babe namandla ephakeme, ductility futhi ubunzima. Zisetshenziswa ukwenziwa izindlela preforms kweqa, ngokucindezela bese isibhakela. Njengoba umkhiqizo ukwelashwa ukushisa sisetshenziswa ezingeni lokushisa 350-410 ukuqina degree, kulandele ukupholisa ezinqumela ngaphandle ukuguga.

Lapho amalahle izakhiwo plastic enjalo izinto ukwanda, ngakho ukucutshungulwa magnesium Alloys Kwenziwa esebenzisa ingcindezi futhi ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu. Wokushaya olwenziwa 280-480 degrees ngaphansi kwengcindezi esebenzisa kufa avaliwe. Lapho ugingqe abandayo olwenziwa njalo recrystallization Lesisemkhatsini anneals.

Lapho kungenzeka Welding magnesium imikhiqizo ingxubevange amandla umphetho encishisiwe ku kumasegmenti lapho kwenziwa jelly, ngenxa nozwela izinto ezinjalo ukuba okweqile.

Izindawo kwesicelo ngokungeza magnesium Alloys

Ngu ekubunjweni izindlela, ukusonteka futhi ukwelashwa ukushisa ka Alloys wenza lulwimi ezahlukene - ingots, amapuleti, amaphrofayli, amashidi, Forgings, njll Lezi izikhala ezisetshenziswa ukukhiqizwa izakhi nemininingwane amadivayisi yesimanje lobuchwepheshe lapho isisindo ifeza indima eyinhloko kahle izakhiwo (isisindo encishisiwe) ngenkathi sigcina amandla abo izakhiwo. Uma eqhathaniswa aluminium magnesium kulula izikhathi 1.5, futhi ngensimbi - 4.5.

Okwamanje, ukusetshenziswa magnesium Alloys is kugcwele Aerospace, yezimoto, zempi nakwezinye izimboni, lapho izindleko zabo eziphakeme (ezinye izinhlobo aqukethe ukubunjwa yabo alloying izakhi ngempela eqolo) ulungisiswa kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono, ikhono ukwakha okuhlala isikhathi eside, okusheshayo, enamandla nokuphepha ezingaba isebenze kahle ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuhlanganise ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu.

Ngenxa onekusasa kagesi, lezi Alloys kukhona ukwaziswa kwekhethelo ukudala zizivikele ezinikeza isivikelo electrochemical izakhiwo steel, ezifana izingxenye yezimoto, izakhiwo komhlaba, uwoyela amapulatifomu, imikhumbi, njll, kusukela izinqubo ukugqwala ezenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya umswakama, fresh kanye zasolwandle amanzi.

Alloys ziye zasetshenziswa ne ukwengeza magnesium umsakazo izinhlelo ezahlukene lapho imigqa acoustic zakhiwe ultrasonic ukubambezeleka imigqa yezinzwa.

isiphetho

izindawo Modern umkhakha ngokuya izimfuno ephakeme ku izinto maqondana namandla abo, ukugqoka ukumelana, ukugqwala ukumelana naso futhi kwenze workability. Ukusetshenziswa magnesium Alloys ingenye izindawo ethembisayo, ngakho ucwaningo nokungenzeka kuzakhiwo ezintsha magnesium kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kungenzeka, ungayeki.

Okwamanje, ukusetshenziswa Alloys magnesium ezisekelwe ukudala ezihlukahlukene izingxenye kanye izakhiwo ingafinyelela ukunciphisa isisindo sabo cishe 30% bese ukwandisa amandla eqine 300 MPA, kodwa, ngokuvumelana ososayensi, akusiyo umkhawulo walolu metal esiyingqayizivele.