The French umlobi Alber Kamyu: A Biography, lokusungula

Man - a engazinzile ekubeni. Yena nomuzwa kokwesaba, aphelelwe yithemba futhi baphelelwe ithemba. Okungenani, lo mbono wavezwa nabasekeli existentialism. Vala imfundiso zefilosofi kwaba Alber Kamyu. Biography nomsebenzi umbhali French - isihloko lesi sihloko.

ebuntwaneni

Camus wazalwa ngo-1913. Uyise wayengumGreki ongowokuzalwa Alsace, nonina - indoda yaseSpain. ezibuhlungu kakhulu enganginaso kusukela ebuntwaneni Alber Kamyu. Biography omlobi buhlobene eduze ukuphila kwakhe. Nokho, kuzo zonke imbongi noma temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba umbhali ugqozi nakho kwabo siqu. Kodwa ukuze siqonde imbangela kwemizwelo abacindezelekile Arkelawu amabhuku lombhali, okuzoxoxwa ngayo kulesi sihloko, kufanele wazi okuncane mayelana izenzakalo eyinhloko esengumntwana nangesikhathi usakhula.

uyise Camus kwakungesona sicebi. Wayelethwa wahlanganyela emisebenzini yezandla kungakwenza esindayo ngesikhathi inkampani iwayini. Umndeni wakhe on the esengozini inhlekelele. Kodwa lapho kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala eduze komfula Marne kwakukhona impi enkulu, ukuphila nomkakhe kanye nabantwana bakhe Camus Sr. baba ngokuphelele zizimbi. Iqiniso lokuthi lena senzakalo esingokomlando, nakuba ethwele kokunqotshwa bayizitha amabutho aseJalimane, kwakuwukuba isiphetho umbhali nangemiphumela eyinhlekelele esizayo. Phakathi Battle of uyise Marne wafa Camus.

Kwesobunxele ngaphandle umondli, umkhaya wawuba on the esengozini ubumpofu. Nkathi bukaJehova kubonakala emisebenzini yakhe ekuseni ka Alber Kamyu. Incwadi "Umshado" futhi "Side Engalungile nobuso" enikelwe eyakhula wachitha ngobumpofu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nale minyaka le Camus abasha wayehlushwa isifo sofuba. izimo Okunzima Kakhulu Ukubhekana Nakho nokuphathwa isifo esisongela impilo kungukuthi iphinde ithunjwe imfuno umbhali esizayo ukuze uthole ulwazi. Ngemva kokuqeda isikole, wabhalisa University e-Faculty of Philosophy.

intsha

Phakathi nezifundo zakhe e-University of Algiers zibe nomthelela omkhulu phezu isikhundla ngemibono of Camus. Ngalesi sikhathi wenza abangane kanye edume ngesikhathi umlobi Zhanom Grene. It is iqoqo lokuqala tindzaba letimfisha wadalwa umfundi othole igama "Islands". Okwesikhathi esithile wayeyilungu LamaKhomanisi Alber Kamyu. Umlando wakhe, nokho, Uhlanganiswa namagama afana Shestov, Kierkegaard futhi Heidegger. Bangabakhe ongqondongqondo kabani nefilosofi ngokwezinga elikhulu sasishaywe kunqunywa indaba ephathwayo eziyisisekelo lokusungula Camus.

Umuntu asebenzayo kakhulu kwaba Alber Kamyu. Umlando wakhe igcwele. Njengoba umfundi, wayehileleka ezemidlalo. Khona-ke, ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, wasebenza njengoba intatheli futhi wayihamba. Philosophy Albera Kamyu kwamiswa hhayi kuphela ngaphansi kwethonya ongqondongqondo wesimanje. Okwesikhathi esithile yayinesithakazelo imisebenzi Fedora Dostoevskogo. Ngokwemibiko ethile, ngisho ukudlalwa yaseshashalazini amateur, lapho kwakudingeka ukwazi ukudlala indima Ivan Karamazov. Phakathi ukuthunjwa Paris, ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, Camus kwaba enhloko-dolobha French. Wayengahlezi ayiswe phambili esenziwa ukugula okungathí sina. Kodwa ngisho nalesi sikhathi esinzima imisebenzi sasivumela asebenzayo zenhlalo futhi zokudala kwaholela Alber Kamyu.

"Uhlupho"

Ngo-1941, umlobi wanika izifundo ngasese, wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo imisebenzi omunye izinhlangano waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha ngomshoshaphansi. Ngesikhathi kuqala impi yakhe edumile ethi iningi Alber Kamyu wabhala. "Uhlupho" - inoveli, esanyatheliswa ngo-1947. Kuyo umbhali kubonakala izenzakalo e Paris, elalihlala amabutho aseJalimane, ifomu eziyinkimbinkimbi ongokomfanekiso. Ukuze noveli Albera Kamyu waklonyeliswa uMklomelo KaNobel. Le nkulumo - "Ukuze indima ebalulekile izincwadi ezibhekene sina abantu wezinkinga zethu isikhathi onokuqonda."

Okuqukethwe kule noveli

Inhlupho iqala ngokuzumayo. Izakhamuzi bashiye amakhaya abo. Kodwa akubona bonke. Ziyakwazi izakhamuzi abakholelwa ukuthi isandulela - Kayisilutho ngaphandle imoto kusuka ngenhla. Futhi ungagijimi. It is igcwele ukuthobeka. Omunye namaqhawe - umfundisi - kuyinto umsekeli oshisekayo lesi sikhundla. Kodwa ukufa komuntu umfana ongenacala kwenza kube ukuba aphinde acabange waso umbono.

Abantu izama ukuzibalekela. Futhi isifo ngokuzumayo zivame ukufiphala. Kodwa ngisho nangemva izinsuku seziphelile emva kwakhe, hero akabalahli umqondo wokuthi lesi sifo zingase zibuye. Ubhubhane inoveli lifanekisela wobushiqela, okwakuthatha empini, izigidi zabantu e Western naseMpumalanga Yurophu.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi iyona eyisisekelo umqondo yefilosofi ukuthi umbhali kufanele ufunde omunye amanoveli akhe. Ukuze nomuzwa kwemizwa ezazikhona neminyaka yokuqala impi phakathi Kubantu abacabangayo, iwukuba bajwayelane inoveli "Inhlupheko", okuyinto ngo-1941 wabhala Alber Kamyu. Imibhalo esuka ku lo msebenzi - amazwi sefilosofi oluvelele kwekhulu XX. Omunye wabo - "In the phakathi izinhlekelele ukujwayela iqiniso - okungukuthi, ukuthula."

umbono abanawo emhlabeni wonke

At inhliziyo French umlobi lokusungula Ukuhlola engenangqondo yokuphila komuntu iyisikhathi esingakanani. Okuwukuphela kwendlela ukuze zilwe, ngokuvumelana Camus, siwukuqaphela yayo. Samuntu sobuhle engenangqondo - Kutama ngcono emphakathini ngokusebenzisa ubudlova - okungukuthi nobuNazi futhi Stalinism. Ngo imisebenzi Camus ukwethula inkolelo engenathemba ukuthi okubi ayikwazi ukunqoba ngokuphelele. Udlame BANGA ubudlova obengeziwe. A ukuvukela kwakhe futhi angenzanga lutho umphumela omuhle ongaba khona. Lokho isikhundla umbhali okungase kuthintwe ngenkathi ufunda inoveli "Inhlupheko."

"I Inyumbazane"

Ngesikhathi kuqala impi eziningi Tindzaba letimfisha ebhaliwe Alber Kamyu. Kafushane kufanele ishiwo indaba "The Inyumbazane". Lo msebenzi kubenzima ukuqonda. Kodwa-ke ibhayisikobho uveza umbono kombhali mayelana engenangqondo yokuphila komuntu iyisikhathi esingakanani.

Indaba "I Inyumbazane" uhlobo Manifesto, okuyinto wamemezela emisebenzini yakhe ekuseni ka Alber Kamyu. Imibhalo esuka ku lo msebenzi neze into engase ishiwo. Incwadi kudlala indima Monologue olukhethekile hero, okuyinto monstrously ezilinganayo konke okwenzekayo emhlabeni. "Isigwebo ngokokuziphatha aphoqelelwe ukuba bahlanganyele ekwenzeni" - le nkulumo kungenzeka kuyisihluthulelo.

iqhawe kwendaba - indoda e nomuzwa wokuba mncane. Sici Its main kuyinto ukunganakwa. Yena akanandaba konke: ekufeni kamama, ukuze ngezinto ezimbi kwabanye ekuweni kwakhe zokuziphatha. Futhi nje ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe eshiya nandaba sokugembula ukuba nezwe elibazungezile. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi uyaqaphela ukuthi akakwazi ukubaleka ukuzithela ngabandayo emhlabeni. Wagwetshwa sentambo ngecala lokubulala. Futhi konke lokho afuna ezikhathini bokugcina bokuphila - ke akaboni nandaba emehlweni abantu ababeke uyogcina ngokufa kwakhe.

"Ukuwa"

Le ndaba lanyatheliswa eminyakeni emithathu ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Imisebenzi Albera Kamyu, ukutshala, ubheke uhlobo zefilosofi. "Ukuwa" - nayo iyathinteka kulokhu. Ngo indaba, umlobi kudala portrait ngendoda luyisibonakaliso bokubeka emphakathini wanamuhla European. igama uhlamvu Jean-Baptiste, okuyinto elihunyushwe esuka French - ioann Krestitel. Nokho, Camus uhlamvu ungahlobene neBhayibheli.

Ngo "Ukuwa," umlobi isebenzisa isici inqubo ye Impressionists. Lokhu kulandisa ngesimo umfudlana ukwazi. Izinkulumo iqhawe ngokuphila womngane wakhe. Nokho, usitshela ngezono ukuthi sizibophezele, benganakwa yokuzisola. Jean-Baptiste kubonisa ubugovu nokuntuleka kokudla kwakudala ukuthula yasekhaya kwengqondo abaMhlophe, abantu besikhathi lwembhali. Ngokusho Camus, awayona unesithakazelo kunoma yini ngaphandle ekufezeni intando yakhe siqu. Umlandi ngezikhathi buyisela Umlandvomphilo zabo, ukuveza imibono yabo kule noma lowo mbuzo zefilosofi. Njengakwezinye izindawo imisebenzi yobuciko Albera Kamyu, maphakathi ngesakhiwo indaba "The Fall" - indoda of agcine engqondo engavamile, okuvumela umbhali ukumambula kabusha izinkinga zisetshenziswa zokuphila.

ngemva kwempi,

Esikhathini forties sekwephuzile, Camus waba umlobi ezizimele. Imisebenzi Social kunoma iyiphi inhlangano yezombangazwe wake wayeka. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi wenza imisebenzi eminingana okukhulu. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo - "Abalungileyo", "isimo lokuvimbezela".

Isihloko ubuntu ovukelayo izincwadi XX leminyaka sasiphuthuma ngempela. Ukungavumelani indoda futhi zokungazimiseli yakhe ukuba siphile ngokuvumelana nemithetho umphakathi - inkinga eye yavusa abalobi abaningi sixties kanye yoma ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Omunye wabasunguli be ukunyakaza etemibhalo kwaba Alber Kamyu. Izincwadi zakhe, kulotshiwe zamashumi amahlanu okuqala, igcwele nomuzwa wokuphelelwa ukuthula futhi umuzwa yithemba. "Ukuhlubuka yomuntu" - umsebenzi enikelwe ekutadisheni umbhali wobuntu wokumelana engenangqondo wempilo.

Uma umfundi Camus ngenkuthalo nesithakazelo umbono sezenhlalo ke njengomuntu omdala, waba isitha we olukhulu ngakwesokunxele. Ezihlokweni yakhe Usivezele ngokuphindaphindiwe isihloko ubudlova futhi authoritarianism samandla Soviet.

ukufa

Ngo-1960, umlobi lishone kabuhlungu. Ukuphila kwayo kwadluliselwa azifinyezwanga endleleni esuka Provence eParis. Ngenxa yalokho engozini yemoto Camus wabulawa kweso. I 2011 version wethulwa, owawuthi ukufa komlobi akuyona ingozi. Le ngozi kusolakala ezazinama- ngabasebenzi lwezokuphepha eSoviet. Nokho, le nguqulo ngokukhamba kwesikhathi ukulahlwa Michel Onfray - nombhali biography of umbhali.