Leso sichotho sashiya kukhalwa - kungcono into yemvelo. Development, ngezigaba, umsebenzi nokuduma

Leso sichotho sashiya kukhalwa - kuyini? Kuphi sokuhlaziya esibhakabhakeni nombani nokuduma ezithusayo? Leso sichotho sashiya kukhalwa - kungcono into yemvelo. Umbani ngokuthi esithweni kagesi kungase elakhiwe ngaphakathi amafu (cumulonimbus) noma phakathi kwamafu kanye ebusweni bomhlaba. Zivame wukuduma. Umbani elihlobene ne yezimvula ezinamandla, umoya esindayo, futhi ngokuvamile nesichotho.

umsebenzi

Leso sichotho sashiya kukhalwa - ke ingenye zemvelo esiyingozi kakhulu. Abantu ngumbani ukusinda kuphela ezimweni angawodwa.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke izenzo emhlabeni ngo-1500 nokuduma. ukuchithela umfutho ezibalelwa emakhulwini umbani ngomzuzwana.

Ukusatshalaliswa nokuduma Emhlabeni engalingani. Ngokwesibonelo, phezu amazwekazi izikhathi 10 ezingaphezu kuka ahamba phezu kolwandle enza. Iningi (78%) umbani esithweni basuke bagxila esishintshashintshayo enkabazwe kanye elishisayo. Isikhathi esining impela ukuthi siyixazulule ngenxa yesiphepho nabo e-Afrika Ephakathi. Kodwa ezindaweni ezibandayo (Antarctica, Arctic) nezingongolo umbani cishe abakwazi ukubona. Amandla kunesiphepho, kuvela, ehlangene umzimba wasezulwini. Maphakathi nawo-zindawo of Selilonke ntambama (emini) amahora ehlobo. Kodwa okungenani bhalisiwe lingakaphumi ilanga. Ingabe izici ezibalulekile womhlaba. Enamandla kunazo isiphepho izikhungo asezindaweni zaseHimalaya nezase Cordilleras (izindawo ezisezintabeni). Izigaba ezihlukene inombolo yaminyaka yonke "izinsuku zihlasela 'eRussia. Ngo Murmansk, isibonelo, zine kuphela, Arkhangelsk - nanhlanu Kaliningrad - nesishiyagalombili, uPetru - 16, eMoscow - 24 Bryansk - 28, Voronezh - 26, Rostov - 31, Sochi - 50, Samara - 25, Kazan bese eYekaterinburg - 28, Ufa - 31, Novosibirsk - 20 Barnaul - 32, Chita - 27 Irkutske futhi Yakutsk - 12 Blagoveshensk - 28, Vladivostok - 13 eKhabarovsk - 25, Yuzhno - 7, Petropavlovsk - 1.

ukuthuthukiswa nokuduma

Kuhamba kanjani? kwakhiwa wokuduma kwezulu kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Kuyadingeka khona umswakama ageleza phezulu, isakhiwo kungaba ukuthi lapho umuntu ingxenyenamba izinhlayiya lisasesimweni ice, elinye - in the ketshezi. Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows, okuyoholela ukuthuthukiswa kwezulu elidumayo, khona ngezikhathi ezithile.

1. Ukushisa Kungalingani ngemazinga zezendlalelo ebusweni. Ngokwesibonelo, phezu kwamanzi, kanye eningi lokushisa umehluko. Ngokuhamba emadolobheni amakhulu isiphepho umfutho kuyoba kancane lapha eqine kakhulu kunangesikhathi eziluzungezile.

2. Lapho displacing emoyeni abandayo efudumele. umhlangano Front ngokuvamile eba kanyekanye ne kuyo yonke indawo Nimbostratus amafu (amafu).

3. Nge emoyeni okhuphukela e izintaba. Ngisho awalethe ezincane kungaholela anda ifu kumiswa. Lokhu Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows ophoqelelwe.

Noma yimuphi wokuduma kwezulu, kungakhathalekile uhlobo yayo, siyadingeka ukuze idlule izigaba ezintathu: Cumulus, ukuvuthwa komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwamazinyo.

ngezigaba

Nokuduma isikhathi esithile labizwa kuphela endaweni observation. Ayehlukaniswe, isibonelo, isipelingi, wendawo, phambi. Manje isiphepho libhekwa by ukusebenza, kuye ngokuthi izimo sezulu lapho ziba. Updrafts akhiwa ngenxa ukuntengantenga ozungeze umhlaba wethu. Ukwakha namafu emvula lena isimo main. Kuyinto izici ezibaluleke kakhulu kwemali ezinjalo. Kuye ukushuba yabo kanye nosayizi akhiwa, ngokulandelana, izinhlobo ezahlukene namafu emvula. Bahlukene?

1. Cumulonimbus odnoyacheykovye (wendawo noma vnutrimassovye). Have isichotho noma umsebenzi uma kuduma izulu. Ubukhulu transverse 5 kuya kwangu-20, mpo - 8 kuya 12 km. "Izimpilo" ifu ihora. Ngemva isiphepho sezulu uhlala cishe enjalo.

2. Mnogoyacheykovye cluster. Lapha ubukhulu kuzenze zibathinte nakakhulu - abafika kwabangu-1000 km. cluster Mnogoyacheykovy ihlanganisa iqembu isiphepho amaseli angefani lasungulwa nokuthuthukiswa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ingenye. Kanjani basebenza? Mature nokuduma maseli etholakala maphakathi ukuthi ukuwohloka - kusukela ohlangothini Kunama. Cross ubungako bawo ongafinyelela km 40. Cluster mnogoyacheykovye zihlasela 'ukunikeza "umoya (squally, kodwa hhayi eqinile), imvula, isichotho. Ukuba khona yeseli ovuthiwe kukhawulwe isigamu sehora, kodwa cluster uqobo ungakwazi 'ukuphila' amahora ambalwa.

3. squall umugqa. Iphinde mnogoyacheykovye nokuduma. Zibizwa ngokuthi nangokuthi komugqa. Kungenzeka okuqinile, futhi ukuvala igebe. Umoya ipheshulwa amade (ayephambili). Mnogoyacheykovaya umugqa lapho kusondela ibonakala udonga amnyama lwamafu. Inombolo sendikimba (kokubili uplink futhi downlink) mikhulu. Yingakho isakhiwo ezinjalo nokuduma ihlukaniswa njengoba multi-cell, nakuba isiphepho isakhiwo ezahlukene. Squall umugqa angakunika imvula okukhulu nesichotho esikhulu, kodwa ngaphezulu "elinganiselwe" eqinile sniskhodyaschimi notshwala. Ngokuvamile sidlule phambi phambi abandayo. In the izithombe, isimiso esinjalo has ukuma umnsalo insaliwe.

4. Superyacheykovye nokuduma. Kukhona ezifana nokuduma ezingavamile. Ziyakwazi kuyingozi ikakhulukazi empahleni nasekuphileni komuntu. Cloud kulesi simiso kufana odnoyacheykovym kusukela kokubili kuhluke omunye zone upflow. Kodwa babe namasayizi ahlukahlukeneko. Superyacheykovoe ifu - ezinkulukazi - cishe 50 km engaba, ukuphakama - kufika ku-15 km. Imingcele angase ku Stratosphere. Ukuma sifana olulodwa nensimbi lulwimi yindilinga. Izinga Enhla iphezulu kakhulu (kufika ku 60 m / s). Sici sici - khona ngokushintshana. Lokho kwakha, imicimbi eziyingozi kakhulu (isichotho esikhulu (ngaphezu kuka-5 cm), i-tornados bhubhisa). Isici eyinhloko izimo ezungezile kukhona for kumiswa amafu ezinjalo. Kuyinto umhlangano enamandla kakhulu nge lokushisa 27 futhi kwenombolo ovunguzayo isiqondiso. Izimo ezinjalo zenzeka lapho umoya phuca ku iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva. Kwakheka ku updrafts, kwezulu idluliselwe zone esezansi, enikeza ifu ukuphila isikhathi eside. Inzika is uhlasela basakaza. Emincane Sekuseduze isichotho enhla - eliseduze enyakatho-mpumalanga. Ngemuva iziphepho angase dengwane. Khona-ke indawo eziyingozi kakhulu eyakhelene sephayiphu edlulisa amanzi.

Kukhona umqondo 'isiphepho owomile. " Lena into ezingavamile, nobuntu inkathi yezimvula. Nge ukuba kube nesiphepho esinjalo akukho kwezulu (umane ungayifinyeleli ehwamukile ngenxa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu).

isivinini ukunyakaza

Thina isehlane nokuduma kuba cishe 20 km / h, ngezinye izikhathi ngokushesha. Uma izimpi abandayo asebenzayo, ijubane kungenzeka 80 km / h. Abaningi ukuduma iziphepho ubudala esikhundleni amangqamuzana amasha. Ngamunye wabo ibanga elincane (komyalelo wokungabi amakhilomitha amabili), kodwa ekuhlanganisweni ibanga iyakhula.

ugesi indlela

Baphi bensimbi ngokwabo? amacala Electric emhlabeni lwamafu ngaphakathi kubo lihamba njalo. Le nqubo ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Indlela elula ukuhambisa isithombe umsebenzi amacala kagesi ngamafu abavuthiwe. It obusa kuzo dipole isakhiwo esihle. Indlela isakazwa? Icala omuhle itholakala phezulu kanye negative - ngaphansi kwawo, ngaphakathi emafini. Ngokusho umbono eyisisekelo (uma nje ungacabanga ukuthi le ndawo encane-uphenyo isayensi), izinhlayiya usinde emikhulu baba omubi icala, futhi amancane ukukhanya abe necala omuhle. Ukuwa yokuqala ngokushesha kunokuba lakamuva. Lokhu kubangela ngekwendzawo ngokwahlukana isikhala amacala. Le ndlela yokwenza isekelwa ucwaningo laboratory. Ifa eqinile ukudluliswa icala izinhlayiya kukhona ice noma isichotho okusanhlamvu. Ubukhulu futhi uphawu kuzoncika okuqukethwe amanzi lwamafu, izinga lokushisa (aphakeme), the velocity ukushayisana (eziyinhloko). Hhayi ngaphandle umthelela kwezinye izindlela. Ukuchithwa kwenzeka phakathi phansi ifu (noma umoya hlangothi, noma ionosphere). Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi sesibonile igxumagxuma ngokusebenzisa ukubaniza esibhakabhakeni. Noma umbani. Le nqubo kuhambisana kuba elikhulu (nokuduma).

Leso sichotho sashiya kukhalwa - Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze ukufunda kungathatha amashumi eminyaka, mhlawumbe ngisho namakhulu eminyaka.