Technopolis - lokhu incazelo yegama elithi ... "technopolis" amazinga kahulumeni ahlukahlukene ekuphileni

Megapolis, Technopolis - kuyinto igama lesiGreki elisho imiqondo ngempela zanamuhla. Ngo isiRashiya, migomo abasanda kuqala ngentshiseko zisebenzisa. Futhi uma bonke muzi ukusula Technopolis - igama ayeyivelakancane futhi ngenxa yalokho akubona bonke ecacile.

Akusona emisha entsha

Njengoba kwaziwa kahle "inqubomgomo" ngesiGreki - dolobha. Isiqalo esithi "techno" liyazikhulumela. idolobha Technical. Kanjani ukuba sikuqonde lokhu? Kuyinto idolobha nge athuthukile ingqalasizinda lobuchwepheshe? Industrial edolobheni? City-the-art, ezazigxishwe electronics, kanye nezinye izimangaliso ubuchwepheshe?

Eqinisweni techno eRussia akuyona into engavamile. Zikhona isikhathi eside, wazi konke mayelana nabo. Ngaphambi nje kokuba bebizelwa hhayi abahle. Phela, eqinisweni technopolis - lena umphakathi evamile ngokwesayensi. Kwakumelwe eSoviet Union kwaba inombolo ezanele, futhi ngemva kokuwa yezwe ingxenye enkulu yale ifa ngofuzo Russia.

Kuyini Technopolis?

Technopolis - idolobha igxile isayensi nobuchwepheshe eliphezulu. eziyinkimbinkimbi Private yokuhlala, ngokuphelele ugxile isayensi yakhe kuphela. Kwavela technopolises enjalo emhlabeni nzima ephezulu izinhlelo. Kungaba izikhungo noma izikhungo zocwaningo specialisation ezahlukene, kubaluleke kakhulu izinto lobuchwepheshe abadinga inqwaba izisebenzi ngokwesayensi. Kafushane, e maphakathi technopolis unguZiqu-zobuchwepheshe core.

Ngakho, kuleli qophelo inqwaba ososayensi kufanele bagxila. Thola phakathi izakhamuzi kusifunda esinikeziwe inombolo abasebenzi ucwaningo ayikwazi edingekayo iphrofayli. Ngakho, kudingeka ukumema, hhayi short-term umsebenzi inkontileka futhi njalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka uhlinzeke izindlu. Ososayensi - nabantu abafanayo, zinemikhaya nezingane bathenga ukudla nezinto, sigule ukuya ebhayisikobho. Ngenxa yalokho, i-technopolis ukunikeza izakhamuzi zalo konke okudingayo. Izinkulisa, izikole, izitolo, ezihlukahlukene izikhungo kanye nezinhlangano. Technopolis - a kwamasiko, yasendlini, zokuhlala, ezesayensi, izimboni, indawo ephelele ezemfundo, elakhelwe izidingo abasebenzi inkampani umzali.

Silicon esigodini

City-techno zikhona emhlabeni wonke. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo - edume Silicon Valley. Okokuqala, Stanford University yasungulwa, bese, iminyaka engu-10 kamuva - Science and Technology Park. Ngo-1960 kwakunabamemezeli kakade 25 Amahhovisi izinkampani abathintekayo ngobuchwepheshe kuphela. Ngo-1980, laba amapaki wayesevele 36. Scientific izikhungo zocwaningo kanye laboratories ngiye ngazuza endaweni yokuhlala, ingqalasizinda ezidingekayo, futhi kwakukhona owaziwa emhlabeni technopolis emhlabeni. Uhlelo isimo ukwesekwa ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile kulokhu.

Lokho uhulumeni kungaba nesithakazelo zobuchwepheshe ucwaningo California ibhizinisi.

isayensi inzuzo

Intela isicelo kuphela izinkampani bekwi isayensi, kanye namafemu abaningi baye basizakala ngaleli maphutha, uzama ukunciphisa yokukhokha. Banika oda ekulu lawo amalabhorethri sikhungo nasezikhungweni zocwaningo ukuthola kabili inzuzo: encishisiwe izintela futhi ngakhula amakhono ayo zobuchwepheshe.

Institutions isimo samanje wayebuye luyasiza: ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye oda omkhulu ukuvumela ukuheha ithalenta umhlabeleli nokwandisa isizinda ucwaningo.

Yiqiniso, ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ngek isimo. Yebo, imali kusukela intela ye osomabhizinisi kwaba ephansi. Nokho, ucwaningo nentuthuko, ikhokhwe osomabhizinisi, okwaholela eqa kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe. Kuze kube namuhla, i-United States ihamba phambili emkhakheni electronics kanye izinhlelo, kanye nezigidigidi zezigidi zamaRandi ngonyaka.

techno Japanese

Lapho kudalwa Silicon Valley, izwe liye waqaphela izinzuzo inhlangano enjalo yenqubo zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe. Techno kwaqala ukuvela wonke iplanethi. Britain, iFrance, i-China, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand. isikali Special kuhluke technopolises Japan. Leli zwe akanakho insimu enkulu noma imithombo yemvelo ngokungadingekile. Kukhona ndawo ukubeka ukukhiqizwa emikhulu, futhi kakade ezikhona Usufike ileveli enkulu ukuthuthukiswa kanye banqatshelwe ithuba athuthukise. Kwakudzingeka hhayi ambalwa kodwa eqa qualitative. Umqondo Technopolis ngoba le ndlela engcono.

UHulumeni waqhubeka ngezindlela efakazelwe - uthembise zentela. ubuholi wezwe siye samenyezelwa kwezesayensi okwakufanele ukuthuthukisa techno izakhamizi. Prefecture ukuvusela ezindaweni zabo nezikhungo namanyuvesi ngesicelo ukudweba amapulani okwakha ukudalwa techno ezikhethekile. Amaphrojekthi engcono bethola zentela kanye nemixhaso.

Yileyo ndlela esizwa ngayo Japan zavevala ehola isikhundla emkhakheni electronics kanye amarobhothi.

Akademgorodok USSR

Ngo-USSR amadolobha yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni Akademgorodok khona isikhathi esithile eside. Kodwa yilowo nalowo kubo - the technopolis yangempela. Moscow ulinakile kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa lobuchwepheshe yezwe. Isikhala ubuchwepheshe, isibonelo, kuhluke naukoemostyu ezinkulukazi nemitfombolusito ukusetshenziswa. Futhi lo mkhakha ulwazi eU.SSR ikhokhwe a lot of ukunakwa. Ngamunye Ukwethulwa kwesayithi - izinkulungwane ososayensi, amashumi ezinkulungwane abasebenzi. I technopolis yangempela enikeze eziyinkimbinkimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi zesayensi kanye nezezimboni.

Kube Akademgorodok wahlanganyela ngentuthuko ezempi kanye wezokwelapha, amadolobha ngokwesayensi lapho behlala sesayensi yemvelo, osokhemisi, onjiniyela. Yebo, cybernetics zase-USSR zazibheka indodakazi yolahleko capitalism. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi isayensi athuthukile kuleli zwe. Ukusekela izifundo ezihlukahlukene baye njalo uyayenza ingxenye enkulu bachitha izimali zomphakathi e-USSR.

Ngomqondo othile, inhlangano yomsebenzi zesayensi kwaba ngcono kakhulu. Ixashwa izindawo isayensi, ibhizinisi ngokuphelele ngeke ezithakazelisayo, hhayi ezithembisa imali esikhathini esizayo. Umnikelo Academgorodoks USSR abakhileyo emhlabeni yesayensi kubaluleke kakhulu.

project "Skolkovo"

Manje technopolis entsha wadala eRussia. Moscow, noma kunalokho, esifundeni laseMoscow, kuyoba esihlalweni elikhulu ucwaningo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto uyosebenzisa izinkulungwane ososayensi. Le phrojekthi ukudala i Analogue of Silicon Valley e Skolkovo sekuyisikhathi eside wathutha kusukela esikhawini sokuhlela kuze kufike esigabeni Ukuqaphela. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube nendawo ngobukhulu ngokwesayensi futhi innovative anikezelwe ucwaningo emkhakheni zobuchwepheshe electronics kanye ukuhlola umkhathi.

isu lesifunda kuhilela ukwabiwa tibalo eningi yamaphrojekthi ezinjalo. Yebo, izindawo ezidinga usizo lwezimali ngokushesha isimo, okuningi. Futhi iningi lazo okuphuthuma ngaphezu ngobuchwepheshe. Kodwa, njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho kwamanye amazwe, kuba - isikhundla eyiphutha. Ukutshala Imali Ngokuthenga ucwaningo nentuthuko edingekayo kanye nesidingo ukwaba ingxenye okusanhlamvu ukuhlwanyelwa. Yebo, nawe ungadla manje - kodwa ke mina ngeke kudingeke ukuvuna.