State uhlelo wezokwelapha. Health Care eRussia

Kunoma yiliphi izwe, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo umsebenzi kwezenhlalo emphakathini, ngenhloso okuyinto ukuvikela kanye nokuzithuthukisa lezo empilweni yomuntu. Elements njalo kwesimiso esinjalo kwenzeka ngisho nangaphambi kokuba abantu lokuqala isimo kanye yamandulo zadalwa. Basuke ukuzwakala ukukhathazeka esithile omphakathi, umndeni, noma isizwe iziguli zabo kanye izinyathelo eziqhubekayo ukuvimbela ukulimala kanye nokuguliswa. Lezi zihlanganisa ezihlukahlukene manipulations yezokwelapha abelaphi, ukuziphatha kwabo kanye nenhlangano.

Umlando wezempilo Russian

Care of impilo yezakhamuzi zalo nokubonisa isimo sethu. Ukhona lapho-ke kuzo zonke izigaba endleleni waseRussia zomlando yentuthuko. Zonke zathola okuhlangenwe nakho ososayensi zethu futhi odokotela abaqhuba emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ukuvumele eminyakeni 20-60 of leminyaka elidlule eduze nemibandela nezenhlalakahle futhi ngezinyathelo zenhlanzeko okwakufanele izakhamuzi. Nokho, emashumini eminyaka yokugcina yekhulu lama-20 yonke ohlelweni lwezempilo lukahulumeni eRussia kwakufanele kuqale kwathatha imodi entsha wokusebenza. A imfuneko lesi sinyathelo kwaba ushintsho epidemiological.

Bona ebizela othile labo izimo ezintsha Kuye kwaphakama emkhakheni kwezenhlalo nezomnotho elizweni lakibo futhi. Nokho, lolu shintsho akukakasetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo zokuphatha-umyalo ukunakekelwa kwezempilo belilokhu linobunzima uhlobo crisis. Kuye kwaphawulwa ezindaweni ezifana:

- ezempilo, okuyinto waqinisekiswa ukwehla sokuphila ezweni;

- ngezimali, njengoba kufakazelwa nokwehla jikelele imali etshalwe ukunakekelwa kwezempilo;

- kuhlomisa Logistics;

- ozimele.

Ukuze kwenziwe ngcono isimo uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo uhulumeni waseRussia yokutholwa eziningi imibhalo. Bonke okuhloswe ngaso ikhambi ushintsho olukhulu kule sithombe ezibalulekile emphakathini. Ngokwe iziqondiso wamukela, luhlelo lwetemphilo kumele ngokuphelele ngilunge, ikhumbula nasekuqiniseni zonke izinto zalo futhi base lobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqinisa izinkomba izifo. Namuhla singasho ukuthi konke kwenziwa kule isiqondiso kuze kube namashumi okugcina eminyaka ekhulu lama-20. Wabanikeza amahlumela omuhle. Nokho, kuleli zwe kwaqala kwathatha ithrekhi of ubudlelwano emakethe. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni ukwamukelwa of umthetho ophathelene nezinkampani ezenza umshuwalense wezempilo futhi zidinga izindlela ezintsha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi esikhathini esizayo baragela phambili nokuthuthukisa kazwelonke ohlelweni lwezempilo eRussia. Futhi manje isimo asiyeki umsebenzi ngentshiseko kulesi siqondiso.

izimiso zempilo

Lonke umlando kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo kwezokulapha athuthukile angesabi. Ngazo zonke izikhathi, ke kwakuxhomeke ezingeni izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho kanye nezombusazwe owandile ezweni. Noma kunjalo, isimo iminyaka eminingi, washiya ingashintshiwe izimiso eziyisisekelo ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo eRussia. Zonke lezi athuthukiswe emva 1917 amalungiselelo ezazikhuluma ekuqaleni amandla Soviet, kuwo wonke umlando eSoviet Union, futhi zigcinwa okwamanje.

Uhlu izimiso eziyisisekelo Impilo zihlanganisa:

- wemfanelo kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi kanye nokuqinisa impilo yezakhamuzi zalo;

- ukudalwa uhlelo lwezempilo oluhlanganyelwe ukuze kuhlanganisa izinhlangano kanye nezikhungo ezihlukahlukene ubunikazi eziqinisekisa nokugcinwa on ezingeni efanele usizo lwezempilo kubantu;

- ukugcinwa kanye ukuqhubeka orientation kwezenhlalo kanye zokuvimbela ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kazwelonke;

- izakhamuzi nge zezempilo zikahulumeni afanelekayo;

- ukuhlanganiswa yokwenza isayensi;

- umphakathi iqhaza ekuqalisweni kwezinhlelo zezempilo;

- ukulungiselela asebenzayo kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha nabancelisayo kudingekile, kokulandela imithetho kanye nezinkambiso kwesimilo wezokwelapha.

Izindawo womsebenzi

Isiqalo nesigcino ukusebenza ezweni lethu, izikhungo zezokwelapha, akusikho ukuthi ezinye, njengoba omiswe uhlelo umthetho. Healthcare eRussia namuhla indlela kuhlanganisa izindawo ezintathu:

- isimo;

- kaMasipala;

- yangasese.

Ngaphambi '90s kwekhulu lama-20., Njengesivumelwano imisebenzi zenhlalo ezibalulekile futhi umphakathi kuyenziwa kuphela eyokuqala babo. ezindaweni ezintathu ngesiRashiya ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwamiswa kuphela emva Ukwamukelwa komthetho kunesidingo. Ake sicabangele ngasinye salezi izixhumanisi ngokuningiliziwe.

isiqondiso State kwezokwelapha

Uhlelo uhulumeni ukunakekelwa kwezempilo eRussia kulo mkhakha iholwa Ministry. Njengoba i-federal isigungu ogunyaziwe, liye ehilelekile ekuthuthukisweni kanye nasekuqalisweni kokusebenza ngokwengeziwe inchubomgomo yembuso nokuhloswe ngazo ukuvikela impilo yezakhamuzi zalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke inethiwekhi nezinye zokulawula kuhlanganisa kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo. Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo eRussia emelelwa Ministries kuzo zonke republic okuqondene Russian Federation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo ihlanganisa yezokwelapha Izilawuli ensimini ukuthi kukhona ezifundeni, izindawo, izifunda, imizi eMoscow Petersburg. Okungukuthi, lolu hlu kuhlanganisa zonke izifundo yezwe, kanye Academy of Medical Sciences. Imisebenzi uhlelo lwezempilo eRussia - ukuthatha zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kuqaliswe ukusebenza kwenqubomgomo yezwe, kanye lokufeza izinhlelo ezahlukene emkhakheni wezokwelapha kanye nesayensi lapho efundelwa ke.

Zonke izindikimba ngenhla angaphansi ejensi control:

- zokwelapha kanye nohlobo zokuvimbela;

- ehamba phambili ucwaningo nentuthuko;

- ukulungiselela izisebenzi zezokwelapha;

- ukuthuthwa kwendle uhlobo;

- ekhemisi;

- imithi.

Lilonke leli wabo kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo. Healthcare eRussia lo mkhuba kuhlanganisa nezikhungo efanayo-Ministry of Transport, Wezangaphakathi futhi Ministry of Izimo eziphuthumayo. Bonke futhi enze umsebenzi omkhulu, okuhloswe ngaso ekulondolozeni impilo yezakhamuzi zalo.

Inhlangano wesistimu yezokwelapha isimo kukhona izinhlangano ezingokomthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi yayo yenziwa ngokuhambisana izenzo zomthetho we Russian Federation, izikhonzi iziqondiso yezwe futhi esekelwe imibhalo ekhishwe yizikhulu zezempilo nokazwelonke. It wenza umsebenzi nokuphatha kule ndawo futhi siqhuba izinhlobo ezahlukene imisebenzi yocwaningo. Futhi, uhlelo isimo izinhlangano elibukhali inhlalakahle sanitary epidemiological izakhamuzi. Babephathana abantu kanye nokuhlinzeka zobuchwepheshe ukwelashwa.

uhlelo kaMasipala

Injongo eyinhloko yawo lo mugqa izikhungo futhi ekuphathweni kanye nenhlangano ukunakekelwa nesineke. KaMasipala ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo eRussia lokufaka ekhatsi kusungulwa iphrofayli wezokwelapha kanye lezemfundo. Kufakwe weenhlahla kanye Pharmacy. Scenic lokhu iziphathimandla zezempilo uhlelo omasipala bakahulumeni ezingeni.

Konke letisebenta ngesisekelo izenzo zomthetho futhi normative zemizimba federal kodwa futhi zesifunda hhayi kuphela, isihloko lesi siqondiso.

Inkinga eyinhloko ukuze ingaxazululwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwezempilo ezifundeni isiRashiya, wukuhlinzeka labantu eyinhloko ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo zayo ezikhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphathimandla zikamasipala ukuphatha wemboni yezokwelapha, ngesisekelo ezindaweni eyinhloko umsebenzi wabo, kumele:

- ayinyuse imfundo impilo yabantu;

- ukuhlinzekela ukufinyelela komphakathi yenqwaba eliqinisekile usizo lwezempilo;

- umsebenzi ukulawula ngekhwalithi yemisebenzi enikelwa hhayi kuphela izinhlangano ongaphansi, kodwa futhi yilabo ingxenye izinhlelo yezokwelapha yangasese.

Russian lesifunda uhlelo kwezempilo ngezimali izabelomali wonke amazinga ezitholakalayo ezweni lakini, kanye sale izimali ngenhloso kanye neminye imithombo ngeke kuvimbele ngumthetho.

imithi yangasese

Lokhu uhlelo lwezempilo kuhlanganisa inhlangano sephrofayela zokwelapha kanye prophylactic, kanye nezibhedlela. impahla yabo is owned by ngabanye ezizimele. Kuhlelo efanayo ucwaningo, imfundo, ekhemisi, nezikhungo zezokwelapha futhi ukukhalima, okuyinto eyotholakala ngemihlomulo ngabanye noma izinhlangano yokuzithandela.

Imisebenzi izinhlangano ezinjalo luphakathi nemithetho Russian futhi izenzo normative-zomthetho ezikhishwa izinhlangano yezwe, iziphathimandla lesifunda kanye federal zempilo kanye nohulumeni basekhaya.

Ngakho, ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo eRussia okuxubile. Njengamanje, kwavumela ukuba khona kwemiphakathi zonke izindawo ezintathu kubhekwe elifanelekayo njengoba kuyasiza ukwandisa inani nokuthuthukisa izinga lezinhlelo bezokwelapha.

iziqinisekiso yomphakathi

Sisebenza kahle kangakanani wethu wezokwelapha? Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo eRussia yiyona nkinga ngokushesha isimo. Phela okungukuthi nentshisekelo rosteprodolzhitelnosti izimpilo. Kanjani impilo nokunakekela uhlelo eRussia? Ngokucophelela ngobuhle nangobubi bawo kule ndawo kungatholakala kunoma yiliphi izwe. Nathi sikubonile.

Ngakho, ohlangothini oluhle kohlelo Russian kuyizinto isiqinisekiso lokuthola ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kwamahhala. Lena ilungelo lomthethosisekelo lokutholakala naleso sakhamuzi yezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli lungiselelo iqukethwe Ukulungiswa efike noHulumeni we Russian Federation ngo-September 1998. Le dokhumenti ubala zonke izinhlobo usizo olunjalo, ukuhlinzekwa okuyinto kuveza ngezithukuthuku kwezimali zomphakathi.
Nempilo enjani uhlelo eRussia? Komphakathi ngamakhasimende, inqophe ukunina nasekusindiseni empilweni yomuntu. Njengengxenye ukuhlolisisa jikelele yezokwelapha odokotela ukuqhuba zokuqapha esihleliwe labantu esebenzayo. Inhloso yale misebenzi iwukuba:

- ukuhlonza izifo ezihlukahlukene kusaqalwa yentuthuko yabo;

- yokudluliselwa kweziguli athole impatho noma kokuvuselela ngokwemvelo kwezindawo;

- ukwamukelwa of izinyathelo ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa isifo, kuhlanganise nokudluliselwa umsebenzi lula, njll ...

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kugxilwa emfundweni inhlanzeko sabantu eRussia, ukwakha imiqondo yabantu mayelana ukuphila ngendlela enempilo, esizwa ezihlukahlukene ukuphepha inhlanzeko izinhlelo.

Nemibi ukunakekelwa kwezempilo Russian

ukunakekelwa Medical sabantu Russian ubhekene eziningi izinkinga abakuvumeli ukuba bahlinza kahle edingekayo.

Ngakho, lokususa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo isiRashiya:

- yokuntuleka kwezimali;

- misallocation of izimali ezibekelwe uMgcinimafa;

- Ukungadli isilinganiso ivolumu amasevisi anikezwa izakhamuzi kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo atholakale umkhakha izinsiza;

- ezingeni eliphansi neziqu, enganele, kanye umfutho high wobuhlengikazi ukuthi ngokucacile kakhulu nasemkhakheni umkhuba sinenkonzo yokunakekela iziguli emakhaya,

- yokuntuleka ukunakekela nokunakekela kokuvimbela izakhamuzi esigulini esingalalisiwe esibhedlela;

- amaphutha imfundo yezokwelapha uhlelo ukuthi izitimela abasebenzi bezokwelapha futhi abahlengikazi;

- yokuswela odokotela nabahlengikazi ukunakekela okuhle kwezokwelapha zokuvimbela ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

amathemba ukuthuthukiswa

Ngayiphi isiqondiso uzoqhubeka ukuya ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo eRussia? Izinzuzo nezingozi imikhuba ekhona kakade lamanje uhlolisisa ngochwepheshe. Ukuhlaziya isimo kuzosenza indlela lengiyo yentuthuko yalesi sithombe. Ngakho, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo lwezempilo kuyadingeka:

- nokwenza indlela akheke ngayo usizo lwezempilo kanye kubukezwe yemfanelo nemisebenzi yokusetshenziswa odokotela abanokuhlangenwe ukulahla kwezomnotho ebizayo ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisebenzi kahle;

- Shintsha kukharikhulamu amakolishi yezokwelapha namanyuvesi ekunwetshweni kanyekanye imfundiso ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo.

Kulokhu, uhlelo ukuphathwa wezempilo e-Russia kufanele uhlukane nale imisebenzi yayo okugada, kufakwe endaweni yawo kohlaziyo.

ukwaziswa Ingosi

Ngaphambi kwenkululeko lempilakahle we Russian Federation ine ebalulekile umsebenzi ehambisana ne ukwanda ubude bokuphila sezakhamuzi zalelo zwe. Enye indlela ukubhekana ihlobenenamanye nesaziso bonke abathintekayo ekusebenzeni nezinhlangano ezinakekela ngezempilo. Futhi lokhu Lwenziwe ngenxa kusungulwa izidingo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. Ngekusetjentiswa yabo WaseRussia idale yakamuva ulwazi base "Russian lesifunda uhlelo kwezempilo" okudingekayo ukuze:

- babasa isemkhankasweni ohulumeni kamasipala kanye zesifunda, kanye izinhlangano kanye nezikhungo ezindabeni zezempilo;

- zangempela ngokushukumisa abantu ukuba unakekele impilo yabo;

- ukuthuthukiswa letengetiwe kute sihlinzeke izinhlelo emkhakheni wezokwelapha;

- ukukhanyisa emisha ezinhlelweni nasemisebenzini eyenzelwe ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha yezokwelapha;

- kumiswa sengqondo esiqondile sabantu kulo lonke uhlelo lokunakekela ezempilo.

It inikeza abasebenzisi Internet Imininingwane egciniwe "Uhlelo zezempilo izifunda of Russia"? A ezihlukahlukene ukubuyekezwa, izindaba nezihloko, okuyinto ezibekwe phezu ingosi ye yomphakathi ukuphatha.