Smooth kwemisipha izicubu: izici kwesakhiwo. Izakhiwo bushelelezi kwemisipha izicubu

Animal kwezicubu yenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni izidalwa - ifomu umugqa zonke izinhlaka futhi izinhlelo. Okubaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwalezi imisipha has okungukuthi, njengoba ukubaluleka yayo ukwakheka yangaphandle kanye ingaphakathi langaphakathi izingxenye isakhi igunya umzimba. Lesi sihloko sizosisiza sibheke lokho bushelelezi kwemisipha izicubu, ikakhulukazi isakhiwo lwezici zalo.

Izinhlobonhlobo lezi kwezicubu

Umzimba isilwane has izinhlobo kancane kwemisipha:

• transversely ezimthende;
• bushelelezi kwemisipha izicubu.

Bobabili babe izici zabo sici isakhiwo, imisebenzi futhi ubukisa izakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwazo. Phela, futhi bobabili babe iphethini zazo ezihlukile, esakhiwe ngokuhlanganisa eziyingxenye izingxenye amaprotheni amangqamuzana okuyinto.

kahle Striated ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• skeleton;
• inhliziyo.

Igama ngokwalo sikhombisa izindawo oyinhloko indawo emzimbeni. Timphawu abaluleke kakhulu, ngoba lokhu ezicutshini ihlinzeka ukusikwa inhliziyo, nokunyakaza kwamalunga nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye ezinyakazayo zomzimba. Nokho, imisipha bushelelezi futhi akukho ezingabalulekile kangako. Yiziphi izici zawo, ukuwucabangela ngokwengeziwe.

Ngokujwayelekile, kuyabonakala ukuthi kuphela umsebenzi kahle ehlelekile, ezenziwa bushelelezi futhi striated kwemisipha izicubu, ukuvumela wonke umzimba usebenze ngempumelelo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze anqume ucishe abalulekile wabo akunakwenzeka.

Smooth kwemisipha izicubu: izici kwesakhiwo

izici eziyisisekelo elingavamile lesi sakhiwo baqamekela isakhiwo kanye nendlela okwakheke ngayo amaseli ayo - imisipha amaseli. Njenganoma iyiphi enye, kwakhiwa le ndwangu yiqembu amaseli zifana ngezindlela isakhiwo, izakhiwo, ukwakheka kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwa. izici ezivamile isakhiwo lingachazwa e izigaba ezimbalwa.

1. Iseli ngalinye lizungezwe tangle aminyene zezinzwa izicubu endwangwini, okuyinto ifana capsule.
2. iyunithi ngalinye kwesakhiwo Friend kuya komunye, izikhala intercellular cishe lingekho. Lokhu kwenza wonke Indwangu kupakishwe, ehlelekileko begodu okuqinile.
3. Ngokungafani nozakwabo striated, lesi sakhiwo lingabhalwa lamaseli bunjwa ukungalingani.

Yiqiniso, akuzona zonke izici ukuthi babe bushelelezi kwemisipha izicubu. Izici isakhiwo, njengoba kakade ezibekwe amanga myocytes ngokwabo, ukusebenza kwawo kanye nokusungulwa. Ngakho-ke, ngezansi udaba kuzoxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe.

Smooth imisipha myocytes

Myocytes kukhona bunjwa ezahlukene. Kuye indawo isitho esithile, lokhu kungaba:

• okusaqanda;
• fusiform side;
• imikiswe;
• Inqubo.

Nokho, noma kunjalo, ukwakheka jikelele kuyafana kubo. Ziqukethe organelles ezifana:

• waveza kahle nekusebenta mitochondria;
• Golgi kulokulukhuni
• core, side ngaphezulu ukuma;
• reticulum endoplasmic;
• lysosomes.

Ngokwemvelo, ezivamile futhi cytoplasm inclusions nabo bebekhona. Ngokuthakazelisayo, bushelelezi imisipha myocytes ngaphandle ihlanganiswa plasmolemma hhayi kuphela kodwa ulwelwesi (basal). Linikeza nabo ithuba ezengeziwe ukuxhumana nomunye.

Lezi zici ukwenza contact ubeka bushelelezi kwemisipha izicubu. Xhumana endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-Nexus. Ngabo, kanye ngokusebenzisa ikhule ezimbotsheni, okuyinto kulezi zindawo ayatholakala ulwelwesi, ishayela idluliselwa phakathi amaseli, ulwazi exchange, amangqamuzana awuketshezi nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali.

Kukhona esinye isici engavamile, okuyinto ine bushelelezi kwemisipha izicubu. Izici isakhiwo myocytes yayo ukuthi akuwona wonke ube eziyimpumelelo emsipheni. Kungani kuba Nexus zibaluleke kangaka. Kungakhathaliseki iseli asihlali ngaphandle innervation, kanye umfutho angase ayihambi ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo olandelayo phezu indwangu.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo imisipha amaseli.

1. Secretory. umsebenzi ngokuyinhloko isizukulwane kanye ekuqongeleleni glycogen granules, nokugcina sebuningini mitochondria polysomes namayunithi ribosomal. Igama isakhiwo sivela amaprotheni ezikuyo. Lokhu contractile actin sesigcilikisha futhi fibrin imicu. La mangqamuzana zivame yenziwe yaba yasendaweni at azungeze nezicubu.
2. Smooth imisipha zesivikelo sesifuba. Yiba uhlobo side izakhiwo othini lokuphotha emise equkethe nucleus okusaqanda elivulela phakathi yezinyoni. Elinye igama leyomiotsity. Libhekene iqiniso lokuthi babe ube usayizi omkhudlwana. Ezinye umzimba lesizalo izinhlayiya kuze kube microns 500! Lona impela sibalo abalulekile ngemuva kwazo zonke ezinye kumaseli emzimbeni isikhathi eside ngaphandle iqanda.

bushelelezi imisipha umsebenzi naye yokuthi synthesize zezakhi ezilandelayo:

• glycoproteins;
• procollagen;
• elastanes;
• izidakamizwa intercellular;
• proteoglycans.

Joint umsebenzi ehlelekile kanye nokuxhumana izinhlobo esiqokiwe myocytes nenhlangano yabo isakhiwo ihlinzeka bushelelezi kwemisipha izicubu.

Umsuka lokhu imisipha

Umthombo kumiswa lolu hlobo bemisipha umzimba kweyodwa. kukhona izinketho ezintathu esiyinhloko umsuka ukuphi. Lokhu kuchaza umehluko, esesikhundleni isakhiwo bushelelezi kwemisipha izicubu.

1. umsuka Mesenchymal. Kuyinto ingxenye enkulu le micu bushelelezi. Kungenxa mezenhimi kwakhiwa cishe yonke nezicubu agudle ngaphakathi kwezitho eziyize.
2. umsuka Epidermal. Igama ngokwalo likhuluma ngokuphela kwasendaweni amasayithi - konke nezindlala isikhumba futhi Amapayipi yabo. Basuke ezakhiwe Imicu yotshani bushelelezi kokuba okufana enjalo ifika. Sweat, ngamathe, ubisi, izinyembezi - lezi nezindlala secrete imfihlo ngenxa yokucasuka myoepitheliocytes amaseli - izinhlayiya isakhi umzimba kubhekwe.
3. umsuka Neural. Imicu yotshani ezinjalo isebenze omunye endaweni ethile - Iris ingenye ulwelwesi esweni. Ukuncishiswa noma kweNdikimba umfundi is innervated futhi ilawulwa lezi imisipha amaseli bushelelezi.

Naphezu kwezizinda ezihlukene, isakhiwo sangaphakathi nezakhiwo zonke eyenziwa zamangqamuzana ku izicubu ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa ahlale cishe okufanayo.

I izakhiwo eziyinhloko ijwabu

Izakhiwo imisipha bushelelezi zivumelana nalezo striated. Kulesi bahlanganiswa. Ziyakwazi:

• conductivity;
• excitability;
• lability;
• contractility.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona isici sasivumela ethize. Uma striated imisipha yohlaka kusheshe oluhlehlela (lokhu kahle efanekiselwa liqhaqhazela umzimba womuntu), ungakwazi bushelelezi isikhathi eside esiqhutshwa esimweni onomfutho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi yayo awekho ngaphansi intando, futhi ingqondo yomuntu. Njengoba uyabanikeza autonomic nesimiso sezinzwa.

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ikhono ukubambezela isandiso eside (ukwehliswa) kanye ukuphumula efanayo. Ngakho, lokhu kusekelwe umsebenzi kwesinye. Ngaphansi isenzo uketshezi begazi (nokuqukethwe kwalo) ke uyakwazi ukuba welulela bese shwabanisa. Izindonga zayo uphahlwe imisipha bushelelezi ke.

iseli amaprotheni

izicubu Myocytes kubhekwe iqukethe compounds eziningi ezahlukene. Nokho, okubaluleke kakhulu zalezi, inikeza imisebenzi ukusikwa futhi aziphumulele,-molecule amaprotheni nje. Kubo atholakala lapha:

• myosin sesigcilikisha;
• actin;
• nebulin;
• connectin;
• tropomyosin.

Lezi zingxenye ngokuvamile itholakala cytoplasm lamaseli behlukene ngaphandle obumba lokubolekwa. Nokho, izitho ezithile e izilwane ezimise izinyanda noma imicu, ngokuthi myofibrils.

Zendawo izicubu yalezi imishayo ikakhulu longitudinal. Bobabili sesigcilikisha myosin futhi actin. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka inethiwekhi lapho imikhawulo ezihlanganiswe ezinye emaphethelweni nge namanye amangqamuzana amaprotheni. Kubalulekile zokunciphisa okusheshayo nelungile yonke indwangu.

ukunciphisa okungadingekile simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: njengengxenye imvelo yangaphakathi yeseli babe vesicles pinocytic, okuyinto ngempela calcium ion. Lapho ngiyibona ezinzwa ifika, ukhuluma ngesidingo ukunciphisa lokhu bubble osondela fibril. Ngenxa yalokho, i-calcium ion actin ecasulayo futhi ukhuthaza ezijulile phakathi kwayo ka myosin. Lokhu kuholela ezungelezela plasma ulwelwesi futhi ngenxa yalokho we myocyte kuyehla.

Smooth kwemisipha izicubu: umdwebo

Uma sikhuluma izicubu striated, it is kalula obonwa striations. Kodwa lapha njengoba sisuke sicabanga isakhiwo, bese lokhu akwenzeki. Kungani bushelelezi imisipha iphethini kuhlukile kunalokho acele kumakhelwane wakhe omkhulu? Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona nendawo yezingxenye amaprotheni ku myocytes. Njengengxenye bushelelezi imisipha myofibrils lokuluhlaza ezahlukene imvelo ehunyushelwe senhlekelele, kungekho fixed isimo ngaphambilini.

Yingakho iphethini Indwangu awulona etholakalayo. Ngo striated actin intambo zilandelana indawo cross-myosin. Umphumela isithombe - striation, ngenxa okuyinto indwangu uthola igama layo.

Ngaphansi kwe-microscope, Indwangu bushelelezi ubukeka bushelelezi kakhulu futhi ovikelekile, sibonga uvalwe eduze komunye nomunye longitudinally ahlelwe myocytes side.

indawo Spatial emzimbeni

Smooth kwemisipha izicubu yakha inombolo kahle esikhulu ezibalulekile izitho zangaphakathi emzimbeni isilwane. Ngakho, yena kwakheka:

• amathumbu;
• izitho zangasese;
• zonke izinhlobo imithambo yegazi;
• ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu
• izitho excretory kohlelo;
• ipheshana zokuphefumula;
• ingxenye analyzer ezibukwayo;
• izitho wokugaya ukudla.

Ngokusobala, lokhu kwenza kwasendaweni kwezicubu okuxoxwa ngayo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ezibalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izinhlobo ezinjalo bemisipha ikakhulukazi labo emizimbeni okuhambisana automaticity ekuphathweni.

Izindlela yokutakula

Smooth kwemisipha izicubu yakha izakhiwo kwetfulwe kubalulekile ukuthi unekhono sikhiqize. Ngakho-ke, it libhekene izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ukulimala ezihlukahlukene.

1. Myocyte mitotic division ukwakha lemali oyifunayo ihlule. Okuvame kakhulu ngendlela elula futhi esheshayo ekululameni. Ngakho kukhona ukubuyiselwa ngaphakathi noma isiphi isitho ezakhiwe imisipha abushelelezi.
2. Myofibroblasts ukwazi aguqule zibe bushelelezi imisipha amaseli izicubu uma kunesidingo. Kuyinto nzima futhi kuningi endleleni ukukhishwa nezicubu.

Innervation kwemisipha bushelelezi

Smooth kwemisipha izicubu imisebenzi yayo ngokuzimela isifiso noma ukwenqena njengesidalwa eziphilayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezinzwa yayo ethwala isimiso sezinzwa autonomic, kanye izinqubo Izinzwa ganglia (umgogodla).

Futhi isibonelo salokhu ubufakazi ongakhonza ukunciphisa noma ukwandisa usayizi esiswini, isibindi, ubende, elula futhi ukusikwa esinyeni.

Imisebenzi ye-bushelelezi kwemisipha izicubu

Yini ubumqoka lolu gange na? Kungani bushelelezi kwemisipha izicubu? Umsebenzi ke elandelayo:

• ukunciphisa eside yemizimba odongeni;
• izimfihlo ukukhiqizwa;
• ikhono nokusabela ezintweni futhi umthelela excitability.