Sergei Dovlatov, umbhali: ukuphila nomsebenzi

Sergei Dovlatov - umlobi abakuphila kwabo ezixoxwa kuye phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. izindaba Lyrical ezincwadini zakhe waba okukhuluma bangempela.

Leningrad

Ngo-Leningrad umndeni waseshashalazini Donat Mechik onyakeni wokuqala kweMpi Yezwe II wazala indodana, owathatha igama Dovlatov kamuva. Umlobi, owaba labalobi wokufundwayo kabanzi namashumi okugcina eminyaka, iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe wachitha ku Ufa. Wakhonza ndawo, wasebenza eLeningrad ezinkulu-kwegazi iphephandaba, wakhonza njengephayona unobhala wakhonza njengesiqondiso. Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula ukuthi ukubhala izindaba. Nokho, akekho noyedwa amabhuku Dovlatov ayengavunyelwe eshicilelwe eLeningrad. Njengoba, Nokho, futhi imuphi omunye umuzi eSoviet Union.

Sergei Dovlatov - umbhali kabani temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, ezifana nempilo, ugcwele usizi futhi self-indida. Okubhaliwe umuntu akakwazi give up umsebenzi wokubhala, ngoba kuyingxenye ebalulekile khona. Kodwa uma umuntu ophilayo emhlabeni yamagama, into ozithandayo alinikezi base impahla, uthola esesimweni esinzima. Indlela ukuphuma kulesi simo ngoba Dovlatov baba ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe.

NY

Izwe ehluke ngokuphelele wabona kule umbhali edolobheni American Dovlatov. Umlando wakhe kuhlanganisa ukuhlala iminyaka eyishumi ekudingisweni. Le minyaka, wasebenza njengoba intatheli ukushicilelwa ehlonishwayo, babesebenza ethandwa umsakazo isiRashiya, futhi lokho uma kuziwa odumo. Mayelana umsebenzi wakhe kakhulu flatteringly ababephila ngesikhathi enkulu: Kurt Vonnegut, Irving Hau, uVictor Nekrasov, uVladimir Voinovich. Dovlatova amabhuku nambili zishicilelwe phesheya. Iningi lazo ngisho phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe olimini lwesiNgisi, isiJalimane kanye nezinye izilimi.

Ukufa yayifica ukuthutha ka "usizo lokuqala." A amamitha ambalwa kwesokunxele kuya esibhedlela. I ekufeni kungakabi yisikhathi ayenecala ngobudedengu, esenziwa okuyinto esifanele azange abe umshuwalense wezempilo, futhi ikusasa. Sergei Dovlatov - In labalobi enyatheliswa kunazo namuhla egcekeni esibhedlela wafela abampofu. Umlobi Igor Efimov wathi ngaye esisodwa: "Afe ka ukungathandi ongafanelwe kuye." Omunye izitaladi zaseNew York owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi yokudumisa abakwamanye amazwe abadumile.

"Zone"

Umbhali kule ndaba kwenye yezincwadi azibhalela umshicileli owake wathi izenzakalo esakha isisekelo salo, kusengaphambili isiphetho khona ukuloba kwakhe. Indoda iba umculi lapho unekhono kukhishwe izithombe kanye storylines kwalasha amnyama.

Ngesikhathi ngiba ibhungu, omunye abalobi engilithandayo Dovlatov kwaba Ernest Hemingway. Ngokusobala, ngaphansi kwethonya zabuna American futhi izwe bakha esiyingqayizivele dovlatovskogo isitayela: okwangempela, ukushaya emhloleni, ukungabi nezingathekiso. Nokho, njengoba umlobi wathi: "Zone", sengathi wayefuna ukuba kuphela laseChekhov. Abantu abavamile kanye nezimo lapho bazithola, abanesifiso kuye ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye.

Inoveli "Zone" kanye nezinye imisebenzi, yanyatheliswa okokuqala e-United States. Incwadi - kukhombisa izwe lobugebengu, okuyinto wayengufakazi wokuzibonela yena Dovlatov. Umlobi izenzakalo uhlobo nesitayela kunezinxushunxushu. Ukusebenza umbonisi, wayeyibonile ezethusayo kanye ubuwula zomhlaba lapho kwakukhona. Kodwa wakwazi adlulisele konke ngabona ephepheni kuphela, ngaphandle bokubanga. Injabulo, injabulo, injabulo, intukuthelo, umona - zonke lezi zigaba kukhona esihlupha bonke imiphakathi. Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangobani amalungu ke - izigebengu noma izakhamuzi ezinhle. Ngo kufike elula ngakho futhi ngingakazi lutho kungaba injabulo futhi sethemba umuntu waphenduka ejele ezimweni abaphansi abahlala endaweni ngokungemthetho, ungabona uhlobo engenangqondo. Kodwa-ke Sergei Donatovich angase abe umbhali, wayekwazi ukuzikhuthaza cabangela isikhathi isithombe zakudala "ndoda omncane."

"Reserve"

Sergei Dovlatov - umbhali, ogama amabhuku babé yinto isandiso esibuhlungu yakhe siqu. abalobi abaningi abangabakhe isizukulwane lakhe babhekana nesimo esidabukisayo. Bakhandwa ayibonwa ezweni lakubo, wahlala cishe ngo ubumpofu, bashushiswa i-KGB. Kodwa imisebenzi Dovlatov, naphezu kwakho konke amagalelo ukudalelwa, benamandla lyricism othile. Lena isici esasenza temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba yakhe.

Ngeminyaka embalwa nje ngaphambi kokushiya Dovlatov wasebenza Pushkin Reserve, e-Pskov esifundeni. Izincwadi zakhe abanyatheliselwa. Bekuyintfo ukuze ondle umndeni. Kodwa umsebenzi laphefumulelwa Umhlahlandlela umbhali ukuba ukudala enye incwadi ngokuphila kwakhe, futhi ikuyo yonke indawo 'indoda kancane ".

Ngo nombono engavamile, umlobi uchaza "Reserve" of izinhlamvu zabo. It linendawo ekhethekile ebusweni iqhawe ezincane Ivan Mihalych: abantu ukuphuza, kodwa ezinhle, njengoba ibhodlela akusho ukuqoqa nezintela. isithombe Ebukekayo we isidakwa ngomzana, ubuntu ome njengeqanda wendawo ingxoxo ezinomsindo, ecasulayo, kodwa frank e sesikhundleni selungu KGB. Futhi konke lokhu ngokumelene isizinda imizwa ephikelelayo kubangelwa sihlukaniswe nomkhaya. Lona okungavamile isipho Dovlatov: ukubaluleka hhayi ukubhala, futhi ukukhuluma, kanye lula - ngcono.