Sakhiwo umsebenzi abomvu egazi ashaye igazi. Lisho ukuthini amangqamuzana abomvu egazi

Ezinye zezinto eziningi kakhulu egazi kukhona erythrocyte. Lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kumcoka kakhulu ukuba khona umzimba womuntu.

On isakhiwo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu

La mangqamuzana abe morphology engavamile kancane. Umbala wawo ngaphezu kwanoma yini njengomuntu lens biconcave. Kuphela ngenxa kwemvelo eside efana nesakhiwo akwazi ukuthola amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi ngesikhathi esifanayo ahlobene eduze. Iqiniso lokuthi ifomu biconcave linamanzi izifundo eziningana. Okokuqala nje ivumela amangqamuzana abomvu egazi okubambise lemali enkulu nakakhulu i-hemoglobin, okuyinto nomphumela omuhle kakhulu, umoyampilo ngokufaka Ngokuzayo kwamangqamuzana nezicubu. Enye inzuzo enkulu kungenzeka simise biconcave kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu ukuba adabule izitsha emincane. Ngenxa yalokho, ngoba kunciphisa kakhulu kungenzeka thrombosis.

On umsebenzi oyinhloko kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu

Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi unekhono athwala umoya-mpilo. Lokhu igesi kumelwe for wonke umuntu. Nokho, ekungeneni kwakhe ku amaseli ukuba cishe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Supply umoya-mpilo lwawo wonke umzimba akuyona umsebenzi olula kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumele ube Transporter amaprotheni ekhethekile. Njengoba injena elithwala umoya-mpilo. Ukwakheka erythrocyte kangangokuthi ku ubuso bayo ngasinye singase ukuthwala kusukela 270 kuya 400 Mill. Molecule.

Oxygenation senzeka capillary etholakala izicubu cell. Lapho negesi lokushintshisana kwenzeka. Kulokhu, amaseli ukunikeza carbon dioxide, okuyinto umzimba imali ngokweqile akudingekile.

Inethiwekhi capillary kwamaphaphu kumba eqolo. Ngakho ukuhamba kwegazi ngokusebenzisa it has a isivinini esiphansi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze bakwazi negesi lokushintshisana, ngoba uma kungenjalo iningi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi awunaso isikhathi ukunikeza carbon dioxide futhi oxygenate.

mayelana elithwala umoya-mpilo

Ngaphandle yalolu ketshezi umsebenzi oyinhloko abomvu egazi emzimbeni kwakungeke isigcwaliseke. Iqiniso ukuthi hemoglobin iyona yenethiwekhi main oxygen. Lokhu igesi Ungafaka amaseli futhi ukugeleza plasma, Nokho, kuba okuncane kakhulu uketshezi.

Isakhiwo-hemoglobin kunalokho xaka. Kuhlanganisa uxhumano amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa - heme futhi globin. Isakhiwo heme iqukethe yensimbi. Kuyadingeka ngenxa esibophezelayo ngempumelelo oxygen. Futhi lokhu kube nensimbi futhi lenza igazi libe nombala obomvu futhi isici.

izici engeziwe kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu

Okwamanje, kuyaziwa ukuthi la mangqamuzana wenziwa amagesi hhayi kuphela zokuthutha. Ngaphezu ngokukhethwa erythrocyte kakhulu wemfanelo. Lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti yabafile ezixhunyiwe. Iqiniso lokuthi la egazi biconcave yokuhamba amino acid kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba. Lezi izinto kukhona izitini zokwakha kumiswa okwengeziwe wamaprotheni molecule ziyadingeka kuphi. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye lasungulwa ngo imali eyanele engaba Umsebenzi osemqoka erythrocyte womuntu angavulwa for 100%

Ngaphezu zokuthutha, amaseli abomvu egazi abathintekayo futhi ekuvikeleni umzimba. Iqiniso lokuthi amangqamuzana omoya ekhethekile esisogwini indawo - amasosha omzimba. Bayakwazi ukuhlanganisa uxhumano nomsebenzisi ubuthi futhi abhubhise izinto angaphandle. Lapha umsebenzi abomvu egazi ashaye kanye amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi zifana kakhulu, ngoba amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi Uyi esiyinhloko ukuzivikela omzimba emagciwaneni.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, amaseli abomvu egazi zinengxenye umsebenzi enzymatic of umzimba. Iqiniso lokuthi baqhubeka ngokwabo ngokwanele inqwaba izinto eziphila abakhuthele.

Lisho ukuthini amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, ngaphezu kwalezi? Yiqiniso, awe bhú phansi. Iqiniso ukuthi ingenye abomvu egazi secrete igazi ekunqandeni izici. Kuleso simo, uma bengakwazanga ukuqalisa le sici, ngisho ukulimala ukukhanya kakhulu esikhumbeni yayiyoba ibe usongo olukhulu emzimbeni womuntu.

Manje sibizwa, futhi mayelana nomunye umsebenzi abomvu egazi ashaye igazi. Kuyinto mayelana nokuhileleka ekususweni amanzi okweqile kanye umusi. Kuze kube yimanje, uketshezi zilethwe amangqamuzana abomvu egazi emaphashini. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba ukuqeda uketshezi olunqwabelene, eyenza ukuba silondoloze wegazi ezingeni njalo.

Ngenxa ductility yayo zamangqamuzana abomvu egazi bayakwazi alawule igazi viscosity. Iqiniso lokuthi izitsha ezincane kufanele zigcinwe ngaso ibe sezingeni leliphasi kunaleyo e ezinkulu. Ngenxa yokuba khona amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amathuba eziningana ukushintsha uhlobo lwaso ndima zabo ngemithambo yegazi kuba elula kakhudlwana futhi esheshayo.

umsebenzi esihlelwe yazo zonke egazi

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umsebenzi erythrocyte, leukocyte, izinhlayiya zegazi kakhulu kuyenzeka ihlangane. Lokhu kuholela ukusebenza avumelanayo zonke imisebenzi eyabelwe igazi. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzi erythrocyte, leukocyte kuyendlulela e aphethe ukuzivikela kuzo zonke angaphandle. Ngokwemvelo, indima esemqoka kungokwalabo amaseli mhlophe egazini, ngoba banesibopho ekwakhekeni amasosha omzimba esitebeleni. Ngokuqondene abomvu egazi, bayobe besebenza njengethuluzi abathwali kwamasosha omzimba. Lesi sici futhi okubaluleke kakhulu.

Uma sikhuluma umsebenzi ahlangene abomvu egazi ashaye nama-platelet, lapha ke uya Yiqiniso, ka ekunqandeni. ipuleti Platelet ngokukhululekile aluka egazini e isamba 150 * 10 ⁹ 400 * 10 ^9. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo isitsha igazi udonga cell idatha athunyelwa isayithi yokulimala. Siyabonga kubo, kukhona Ukuvalwa ukwephuka kuthi kunqandwe ukopha. Kulokhu, ngenxa ekunqandeni ukopha kuyadingeka ukuba kuzo zonke izimo-izici. Omunye wabo ekhiqizwa nje okufanayo amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ngaphandle kumiswa inqubo ekunqandeni nje ngeke ukuqala.

Ukwephulwa umsebenzi erythrocyte

Ngokuvamile, lapho kuphakama isidingo lapho amangqamuzana umthamo kwemininingwane is kakhulu ziyancipha. Kuleso simo, uma isibalo lincane 3.5 x 10 ¹² / L, kubhekwa isifo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa. Kulokhu, okuningi kakhulu ukuze kuqalise ukusebenza umsebenzi kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu ezingeni ezanele elithwala umoya-mpilo. Lokhu amaprotheni kumele kube egazini e imali kusuka 130 kuya 160 g / l abesilisa 120 kuya ku-150 g / l kwabesifazane. Uma kukhona ukwehla le nkomba, khona-ke kulesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi isifo sokulahlekelwa igazi. ingozi yaso ukuthi ezicutshini futhi izitho uthola umoya-mpilo owanele. Uma sikhuluma ukwehla okuncane (kufika ku 90-100 g / l), awusebenzi kuhilelani nemiphumela emibi ngendlela efanayo. Kuleso simo, uma isibalo kuyehla nakakhulu, umsebenzi oyinhloko kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kungenteka uhlushwe kakhulu. Umthwalo ezengeziwe ubekwe inhliziyo njengoba ezama isinxephezeliso okungenani ezinye yokushodelwa umoya emisipheni, okwandisa ukuvama Kufinyeta yayo futhi ngokushesha kuyomfica igazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha.

Lapho-hemoglobin lehliselwa?

Okokuqala nje kungenxa yensimbi ukuntula in abantu. Lesi simo kwenzeka uma engayitholi enganele kwalesi sakhi nge ukudla, kanye ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lapho igazi unina ucosha izithelo. Ikakhulukazi nobuntu ekulesisimo sabesifazane abangakaze ikhefu phakathi ukukhulelwa sathatha isikhathi esingaphansi kweminyaka 2.

Kaningi, le-hemoglobin uphansi ngemva ukopha. Ngakho izinga yayo yokutakula kuzoncika uhlobo yokudla komuntu, kanye reception ngamalungiselelo athile yensimbi.

Yini okufanele ukwenze ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza erythrocyte?

Ngemva kwaba sobala ukuthi yini umsebenzi kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ngokushesha kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nendlela yokuthuthukisa imisebenzi yabo ukuze ahlinzeke umzimba ne isamba nakakhulu-hemoglobin. Manje sibizwa ezingaphezu kweyodwa ukuze kufinyelelwe lo mgomo.

Khetha endaweni efanele ukuze uphumule

Nyusa inombolo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu angasebenzisa Ukuvakashela ngesimo sendawo enezintaba. Kungokwemvelo ukuba izinsuku ezimbalwa amangqamuzana abomvu ngeke kusaba khona. Ukuze imiphumela evamile omuhle kudingeka ube lapha okungenani amaviki ambalwa, kodwa kunalokho izinyanga. Accelerated ukuthuthukiswa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu ezingeni ukuphakama ngenxa yokuthi kukhona emoyeni mncane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lokuhlushwa oxygen ke kancane. Ukuze supply ngokugcwele leli igesi nemibandela amaseli ayo kusilela ngokushesha entsha abomvu akhiwa. Uma-ke buyela emuva endaweni ajwayelekile, futhi ezingeni kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile kuyoba okufanayo.

I-Tablet ukusiza amangqamuzana abomvu

Kukhona imithi nezindlela ukwandisa isibalo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Zisekelwe ukusetshenziswa amalungiselelo equkethe erythropoietin. Le nto ikhuthaza ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ngenxa yalokho, baba akhiqizwa eliningi elinikelwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi into enjalo abasubathi ukusebenzisa engathandeki, kungenjalo ulichat doping.

Mayelana ukumpontshelwa igazi kanye nokudla

Esimeni lapho hemoglobin lize liba ngaphansi kwe-70 g / l, kuba inkinga engathí sina. Ukuze uthuthukise ukumpontshelwa isimo amangqamuzana abomvu phama. Inqubo ayikanye ewusizo kakhulu umzimba, ngoba ngisho ne ukukhethwa efanele lwegazi AB0 futhi RH leyentekako, usazoba material angaphandle futhi zibangele impendulo ethile.

Ngokuvamile, amazinga aphansi e-hemoglobin ngenxa ukusetshenziswa eliphansi inyama. Iqiniso lokuthi amaprotheni isilwane kuphela ungathola yensimbi ngokwanele. Lo msuka amaprotheni yemifino kugaywe zimbi kakhulu.