Rubella - rubella kuyinto ... isifo: izimpawu, ukwelashwa, imiphumela kanye nokuvinjelwa

Omunye izifo ezivame kakhulu omsakazo viral kuyinto rubella. Lesi sifo ngokuvamile omnene, akuvamile ephelezelwa ukuxakeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukutheleleka kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kuyingozi enkulu empilweni umntwana wakhe ongakazalwa. Kwezinye izimo, ukugula kubangela kombungu ku-fetus nokufa intrauterine.

Incazelo isifo

Roseola - ukutheleleka ngegciwane omsakazo viral, libhekene ukubukeka ukuqubuka kwesikhumba futhi ukudakwa omnene. isifo okokuqala wathola incazelo ephelele F. Hoffman e 1740. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-140 kuphela Enesikhathi isinqumo ukwaba ehlukile nosological zokugula iqembu.

Namuhla, ukwanda kwalesi sifo yehlile kakhulu. Le miphumela kufezekiswe sibonga inqubomgomo yokugoma. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, unyaka ngamunye iqinile amacala amasha angaba yizinkulungwane 100 inani labantu ebaphethe. Njalo eminyakeni 3-4 izigameko liphume bese ingena ukwehla.

Imithombo ukutheleleka futhi izindlela yokudlulisela

Rubella - isifo omsakazo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ngokuvamile, sitholakale izingane. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe umenzeli causative wenza RNA ocwaningweni virus, okuyinto has umsebenzi teratogenic. He is ukhululekile kuphela khona emzimbeni womuntu. efa ngokushesha imvelo ngaphansi kwethonya zokukhanya oku-ultraviolet, ngenxa yokungabi bikho umswakama noma ingcindezi izinguquko. Emazingeni aphansi igciwane uhlala isikhathi eside, futhi sikwazi ukulondoloza ikhono nokuzala.

Umthombo ukutheleleka ngokuvamile umuntu ezinzima (akuvamile ezigugile) izimpawu rubella. Kwesonto ngaphambi ukuqubuka ngelinani ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu rubivirus adedelwa imvelo. Ngamagama epidemiological abhekwa izingane esiyingozi kakhulu okufana azalwa naso lesi sifo. Kulokhu, pathogen singena imvelo ne indle yalezi zibungu, ngamathe noma umchamo izinyanga ezimbalwa. izimo ezivuna lengculaza ahlela amaqembu (enkulisa, esikoleni). Ngakho-ke, iziguli sisodwa ngokushesha phezu isiqinisekiso "rubella" ukuxilongwa.

Njengoba ukutheleleka idluliswe? Sekukonke, kukhona ezimbili imizila yokudlulisela zesifo - sisemoyeni futhi transplacental. Mshini yentuthuko yalesi sifo wafunda nedoskonalno. Rubella igciwane lingena emzimbeni womuntu ngokusebenzisa nolwelwesi lwamafinyila yaleli pheshana zokuphefumula. Khona-ke uqala umsebenzi wakhe, kusho kucatulula ku amaseli kwesikhumba futhi zamanzi. Umzimba iphendula ukwethulwa ejenti olukhethekile kumiswa kwamasosha omzimba. Phakathi ukugula ivolumu yabo kwegazi njalo ziyanda. Ngemva yokutakula, umuntu ogomekile igciwane ukuphila.

Kuyini rubella?

Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni ezinsukwini ezingu-15. Ukusilandela isikhathi catarrhal - 3 izinsuku. Ngo seziguli ezisencane izimpawu izilonda nolwelwesi lwamafinyila elingenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula zenzeka kuyaqabukela. Abadala ngokuvamile esekhala photophobia, izinhlungu zekhanda ezinamandla, amakhala yisisu, ukukhwehlela kanye nokuntuleka ukudla. Ngosuku lokuqala lesi sifo-90% eziguli ku ngemuva avele ukuqubuka Ukulunywa. Babukeka njengezihlahla ezincane izindawo pink bunjwa njalo, okuyinto kunqoba ebusweni isikhumba.

Ukuqubuka rubella iqale ibonakale ebusweni, ngemuva ezindlebeni futhi entanyeni. Emini it is ngokushesha esakaza kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amathe nezintende zezandla awahlabi neze livela. Ngezinye izikhathi ezindaweni eziqhelile sitholakale mucosa ngomlomo. Ngo-30% amacala, akukho amawala, okuyinto kakhulu inkimbinkimbi uphethwe. Ezinye izimpawu zalesi sifo zingase baphawula ukwanda okuncane nje kwamazinga okushisa. Ngezikhathi ezithile iziguli esekhala ubuhlungu bemisipha, ukusebenza kahle emathunjini.

rubella izinhlobo

Kuye umzila ukutheleleka, ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa izinhlobo ezimbili zalesi sifo:

• rubella Kutholiwe. Leli fomu sifo ephelezelwa ukuqubuka amaningi emzimbeni wonke, kodwa kungase kudingeke atypical isithombe emtholampilo. Ngo-30% amacala azikho izimpawu nhlobo, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlonza futhi kunomthelela ukusabalala nalolubhubhane. Lesi sifo ngokuvamile omnene, itheleleke ziphathwa ekhaya. Esibhedlela kuboniswa kuphela uma izinkinga.
• rubella azalwa naso. Lokhu kungolunye uhlobo kuyingozi kakhulu lesi sifo. Ezimweni eziningi, it libhekene inkambo kuyinkimbinkimbi. Phakathi ngemiphumela engase sokuhlukumeza we CNS kungase kuqashelwe umsebenzi ukuzwa futhi umbono.

Kokucabangela amaqiniso ngenhla, kubalulekile ukwenza phawula esisodwa esibalulekile. isifo rubella sitholakale abadala kuyinto evamile. Iningi labantu ebhekene nalesi sifo ebuntwaneni, kanye nokuvikeleka okuholela siyinguganaboya. Okwamanje, cishe 85% abesifazane bangawela yizifo ngokucindezela isikhathi ukuqala ubudala enzalo.

ngihlolwa isiguli

Ukuqinisekiswa uphethwe ngokuvamile akakubangeli nobunzima. Ekuqaleni, lo dokotela wenza behlolwa futhi kuqhakambisa izimpawu ezithile (ngenhla nje, siye ubesemtshelile, kubukeka sengathi rubella). Esigabeni esilandelayo inhlolovo kuyinto ukuhlolwa laboratory:

• Qedela segazi.
• Ukulinganisa lokuhlushwa immunoglobulin, ayisiza.
• Serology isikhwehlela kusuka ngaphakathi komgodi acinene.

Kuphoqelekile lokufeza ukuxilongwa umehluko isimungumungwana enterovirus ukutheleleka, scarlet fever.

izimiso eziyisisekelo ukwelashwa

Le ndoda has rubella, akudingi eziphuthumayo esibhedlela. amalungiselelo Special ngokumelene nalesi sifo engakaze athuthukile, impatho lingaze kuphela isetshenziswa. Isiguli kubalulekile ukuba banamathele embhedeni ukuphumula, udle, uphuze amanzi amaningi. Ezimweni eziningi lapho rubella ukuqubuka uhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela. Ngemva yokutakula, le amasosha omzimba okuholela ihlala for a lifetime. Ngezinye izikhathi uyabuya isifo. Izazi lesi simanga izici ngamunye kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni.

Kuphela uma kwenzeka yezinkinga wabonisa ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Iziguli babelwe yokwelapha immunostimulatory ( "interferon", "Viferon"). Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa edema palsy, isicelo haemostatics, isisu kanye corticosteroids. Iziguli ukululama ethola nootropics Kunconywa ukuba ngcono imisebenzi yobuchopho.

I-rubella kuyingozi?

Izinkinga yalesi sifo kukalutshwana kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, zivela lapho bajoyine obenesifo. Rubella kulokhu kube nzima nenyumoniya yesibili, umphimbo obuhlungu noma otitis. In iziguli omdala kungukuthi ayifakiwe CNS lesion. Lesi sifo siyingozi usongo olukhulu abesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa umntwana. Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho kamuva esihlokweni.

Ukukhulelwa ne-rubella

Imiphumela yalesi sifo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ingane kungathinta impilo yakhe. Igciwane engena umbungu ngokusebenzisa yi-placenta, ezithinta endocardium futhi capillary. Khona-ke pathogen usabalala zonke izinhlaka ingane, lapho aqala ukwanda ngokushesha. Phakathi nezinkinga ezivamile ka-rubella kwabesifazane abakhulelwe secrete: ukufa kwengane, ukuzalwa kwengane isishonile kanye isisu nokuguqulwa.

Uma umntwana namanje ozalwa, yena iziyaluyalu ezilandelayo zingasiza ukuthuthukisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:

• ukukhubazeka inhliziyo;
• ukuqubuka;
• ezacile ;
• jaundice;
• myocarditis;
• encephalitis;
• retardation sengqondo;
• sokuwohloka.

yezinkinga okunjalo kungaholela ukufa kwanoma nomntwana 30% amacala. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila ubulawa-70% izingane. ukubonakaliswa ngamunye lesi sifo azibonakali kuphela entsheni. Lokhu sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba thyroiditis, isifo sikashukela kanye ozokusebenzisa ukuntula. Ngo igazi elinegciwane ingane rubella lwegciwane ingaqhubeka asebenzayo iminyaka eminingi. oluthile lokwelapha lesi sifo, imithi yesimanje banganikeza.

ekuvimbeleni izifo

imisebenzi Okujwayelekile zokuvimbela ayizwakali ku foci ukutheleleka. Kuyinto cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi khona igciwane emzimbeni ngaphambi kuqala izimpawu zakhe. Nokho, umuntu ogulayo isehlane izinsuku 5-7 emva ukuqubuka livela.

prophylaxis Specific kusho umgomo kanyekanye ezifweni ezintathu: isimungumungwana ne-rubella, mumps. Kuxhunyelelwa kwenziwa eminyakeni 6 okwesibili, futhi owokuqala - eneminyaka engu-unyaka owodwa. Phakathi contraindications lokugoma kukhona okulandelayo:

• neoplasms abulalayo;
• ukhulelwe;
• ukusabela okungekuhle ukuze umgomo;
• okubi kakhulu izifo of aetiology ezithathelwanayo.

Ukugonywa ngokumelene rubella zingahlanganiswa nezinye yokugoma saziso (pertussis, ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B, uvendle nesifo idiphtheria nomhlathi-ngqi). angeke izidakamizwa abahlukahlukene zixutshwe ku isipetu efanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umjovo kuyinto efiselekayo ukubeka ezindaweni ezahlukene. Okuwukuphela eyinkimbinkimbi (isimungumungwane-mumps-rubella) wokugoma. Eminyakeni 6 kwenza nezingane eziningi futhi. Lokhu ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa amasosha omzimba booster ulapha kanye ukuze izifo ezintathu. Uma kuqedile kungenzeka khona ukuvuvukala isikhumba obomvu yayo kancane. ukusabela Side umzimba kukhona engeyokuqala ukukhulisa lymph, isicanucanu, rhinitis, ukucobeka. Ngesikhathi ngiba ibhungu, ngemva ukuxhumelela kungenzeka ukuthuthukiswa arthralgia futhi polyneuritis, okuyinto siyogcina bebodwa.