Gable ophahleni: ukubala, izici, kanye nomklamo imidwebo

Uphahla kuyingxenye ebalulekile kunoma yiliphi ibhilidi. Inhloso Its main - ukuvikelwa isikhala yangaphakathi yendlu kusukela izici zendawo ezimbi. It enakekela yonke imithwalo zangaphandle kungenzeka futhi ihambisa ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izindonga. Roof kungenziwa esakhiwe izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ahlale ezakhiweni. Kodwa ethandwa kakhulu eRussia, yebo, ophahleni gable. Ukubalwa lo mklamo ilula. Izinzuzo ke abhekwa inkimbinkimbi ukuklanywa ukwakhiwa.

Izakhi eziyinhloko

Njengoba yabhalwa kophahla ezinjalo, njengoba kakade kungabonakala isihloko sakho, ramps ezimbili kuphela etholakala nhlangothi zombili lesi sakhiwo. Izakhi eyinhloko ukwakhiwa kophahla ezifana yilezi:

• mauerlat;
• ihhashi;
• semishayweni;
• zezinsika struts;
• lathing.

Esakhiwe ophahleni gable ngokuvamile ngendlela elandelayo:

1. On a igilavu kwisikhonkwane zangaphambi odongeni abethela mauerlat.
2. On yokubeka ukukhwezwa ihhashi.
3. Setha semishayweni futhi struts.
4. likhreyithi ukukhwezwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho isakhiwo okuholela sheathe ukushisa namakhaza impahla, ungangenisi amanzi kanye nothayela.

Kuyini esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho ukuklama

Ngakho, gable ophahleni isakhiwo ezinzima elula. Nokho, lo msebenzi phambi kwenhlangano ophahleni ukwenza Yiqiniso, kufanele kube. Lokhu kuzogwema kabi ukusebenzisa imali budedengu we indaba bese ugcine isikhathi nomzamo.

Lapho wokubhala umdwebo gable ophahleni izibalo ngokuvamile eyenziwa ngale ndlela:

• Skate enyakazayo engela;
• ubude ugongolo izigaba ukuze imishayo;
• iphimbo phakathi imishayo.

Ukuze anqume inani kwesokudla ukwahlukanisa, ungangenisi amanzi kanye ukufulela impahla, uyophinde ube ukubala indawo stingrays futhi gables. It is ikhumbula zonke lezi nemingcele bese sinquma ophahleni ophahleni gable.

Umkhawulo engela izinkomba

Kuyinto angle imisebe futhi ukuqala ukubala ophahleni gable owakha indlu. Ixhomeke lokhu ipharamitha kulokhu kungase kube ezicini eziningana:

• akhethiwe esebumba impahla ophahleni sheathing;
• Kulindeleke umoya imithwalo;
• iqhwa umthwalo.

Esimweni sokuqala it is kunakwe okokuqala kwezithelo zonke izincomo nomkhiqizi into. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, i-engeli ubuncane ukuthambekela:

• I-metal kuyoba degrees 14;
• wempahla kuwebhu - 5 - 15 c;
• ibhodi lukathayela - 15 g;
• Ondulina - 6 gr.

Kuye umoya neqhwa umthwalo umkhawulo amagugu isikeyiti enyakazayo engela zinqunywa sezwe amabalazwe ekhethekile. Futhi amatafula ekhethekile asetshenziswa Kulokhu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi umoya imithwalo ramps Kunconywa duda - 15 - 25 degrees. Nge inala kunemvula lapho endlini abawakha, kunalokho, kufanele ukuhlomisa steeper - degrees 45 kuya ku-60.

Semishayweni ophahleni gable: ukubala engela ukuthambekela

Kanjalo, njengoba sasinothando wafunda umkhawulo amagugu, ungakwazi uqhubekele nokubhalwa langempela umdwebo ophahla. Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuba yalokho kuye kwadingeka ukucacisa indawo ukuphakama yokhalo. Uma uphahla gable zanquma ukwenza isifundo elisophahleni abavamile, kakhulu lift ihhashi ingaphezu ezingeni izindonga. Lokhu kuyokwenza ugcine on impahla. Uma uphahla sihlelelwe ukuhlomisa egumbini lokuphumula (okuyinto ezingavamile), kubalulekile ukwakha phezulu ngokwanele. Kunoma ikuphi, ukusebenza kahle engela emthambekeni 30 ezingxenyeni eziningi Russia - 45 degrees.

Ngaphezu ukuphakama yokhalo ukubala emthambekeni kophahla gable, noma kunalokho engela ukuthambekela emaphikweni alo; kuyodingeka isakhi ezifana ububanzi gable. Kungaba izonqunywa umane yokulinganisa odongeni esifushane indlu, khona-ke udinga ukwengeza kumphumela ubude kulo uphahla. Ngokulandelayo, kubalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula: n = 1 / 2l * tgA. A - iyi-engela langempela isimo sendawo, H - ukuphakama khahlamba, L- nobubanzi gable. I-tangent ye-engeli kungaba azimisele kusetshenziswa Bradis ithebula zezibalo.

Ukubalwa semishayweni ophahleni gable: ubude cross-section

Kuyinto lezi zinto ku gable ophahleni isakhiwo kukhona eziyisisekelo. Bala kwesigaba engu- yobude semishayweni ukuba ngokuyinhloko esekelwe yokuthi 1 m ² emthambekeni kumelwe bawe isisindo izinto bengekho ngaphezu kwama-45 kg.

Iningi zonke gable ophahleni inhlangano ukusetshenziswa ibha kwesigaba Okubalulekile okunjalo 100 x 150 cm kungaba ekahle lesi sinyathelo phakathi imishayo at 80 -.. 100 cm Uma okusalungiswa emkhatsini wetincenye teluhlaka ezimbili ihlinzeka lide ibanga, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imithi mkhulu. Nge isinyathelo ezincane, kunalokho, ibekwe semishayweni ohlabayo.

ugodo ubude kunqunywa kuncike ukuphakama futhi ububanzi ugema we gable (ehlukaniswa 2). Semishayweni kulesi simo ngendlela unxantathu wesokudla izodlala indima le hypotenuse. Nquma ubude bar emiphongolweni. Ungase futhi abale ubude omunye izingodo, nje ukugxila engela ophahleni gable. Kulokhu, uzodinga isakhi eminye efana ukuphakama indawo yokhalo. Lesi sibalo uzodinga nje uphindaphinde sine ye-engeli. Funda kusuka le nkomba can Bradis etafuleni.

Ukuze kwaphumela ekugcineni yi kufanele engeza-20 - 40 cm ngesikhathi overhangs. Yabahlomisela kufanele ngempela. Kungenjalo, esikhathini esizayo nomsebenzi we-emvula endlini kuyokwehlela phezu kwezingange zawo. Futhi lokhu, kuyobe kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuphila kwesakhiwo.

amapulangwe siqu ukuze imishayo kufanele bakhethe izinga kuphela. Phela, lesi sici ophahleni unaleli gciwane. Inkantini kunothile ifindo ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngoba kube semishayweni. Namathisela lezi zici ukuze mauelatu futhi yokhalo kufanele usebenzisa amakhona lashukumisa kuphela noma izinga izipikili.

Ukubalwa endaweni kanye nenani ramps impahla edingekayo

kwenziwe Ngakho izibalo engela gable ophahleni, ubude balo cross-section Trusses. Kodwa ukuze sithole imali edingekayo ukuze impahla Plating, udinga ukwazi kabanzi, futhi izinkomba ezifana stingrays ndawo. Kulokhu, noma yimaphi amafomula ikakhulukazi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi akudingeki ukuba ayisebenzise. Hlola indawo ye kummango kungaba nje ngokuvele azalane ubude umshayo phezu ubude besakhiwo.

Kulula ukunquma ukuklanywa inani elidingekayo ukuze impahla ambozwe. Ngokwesibonelo, uma usebenzisa impahla ukufulela kumelwe kuqala abale endaweni roll. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uphindaphinde ububanzi ngo ubude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni kummango ihlukaniswe endaweni roll. Ngo ukubala kulesi simo futhi kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele inani elilinganisiwe Plating izingqimba. izibalo kanye usebenzisa izinto ishidi, njengensimbi noma ibhodi lukathayela nazo kukhiqizwa.

Ukubalwa gables endaweni

Le ngxenye uphahla ngokuvamile ivaliwe amabhodi. Ukubala gable ophahleni gable uzodinga izinkomba ezifana ukuphakama bulala kobubanzi bendlu ethile. Ngemva ekutholeni indawo kule ngxenye ukwakhiwa kophahla, izotholakala for ukumboza nenombolo ledzingekako amabhodi. Ukubala kuleli cala, ngokuvumelana ifomula: S = 1 / 2ah, lapho S - ndawo, futhi - ububanzi gable, h - ukuphakama indawo yokhalo.

iseluleko okunempilo

Ukwenza stingrays ukubala indawo futhi gable, kulula ukunquma imali edingekayo ukuze impahla Plating. Nokho ukuthola nothayela namabhodi iyadingeka ukuba nesilinganiso. Phela, lapho ambozwe ophahleni impahla nakanjani zazinamaphutha. Ukusingathwa Kulezo zimo ngokuvamile ngenakugwemeka. Bese usika amabhodi noma amashidi okunengqondo kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi etholwe.

Main izici kophahla gable: indlela yokugwema amaphutha

Ngakho, ingxenye kwesokudla yephrojekthi nizifeze zonke lezi izibalo ezidingekayo, ophahleni sizokwazi ukwakha enokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Nokho, kuze kube ophahleni ramps ezimbili okuhlala, imihlahlandlela ethile kufanele ilandelwe ngqo inhlangano yayo:

• phambi ungqimba wophahla ukwahlukanisa ikhekhe ngempela kube ukupholisa ezibalulwa kanjena ngokufanele;
• ngokwabo setshe ukwahlukanisa impahla kumele kube eduze komunye nomunye, futhi izakhiwo Umkhqizi uhlelo Ubuningi bamahora obukhulu;
• ukuzihlalela ifilimu in a pie fixed ingcina itheyiphu hhayi izinzipho;
• ebhokisini kufanele igcwele pitch elihambisana impahla ekhethiwe.

Ukuqoqa ophahleni ukuze ukwenza kube okunokwethenjelwa, it is hhayi nokwephula noma iyiphi ubuchwepheshe. Pie ophahleni gable ophahleni efakwe kanje:

1. Umi phakathi imishayo embondelene ukwahlukanisa amapuleti. On the ingxenye ekamelweni elisophahleni, ukuze ningaweli phandle, wadonsa anezikhala ezingavamile ngensimbi noma aluminium wire.
2. Ngenhla ukwahlukanisa efakwe ungangenisi amanzi. Kuvikelwe okusemandleni akhe nge nokunensa kancane on the bar. Le ndlela uyogwema discontinuity lapho ukuguquguquka of ukufulela impahla, kanye ukuhlela ukupholisa ungqimba.
3. Ngenhla ungangenisi amanzi ababebuthene likhreyithi.

Umusi isithiyo gable ophahleni sokuxazulula kusukela ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu. Ngenhla ifilimu itheyiphu enamathiselwe ukukhwezwa encasing impahla. Lokhu kungaba, isibonelo, plywood amabhodi, amapuleti plastic, kanjalonjalo.

Ngesisekelo ngaphansi impahla ukufulela

Ukuze abale ikesi e nokubhalwa kophahla gable kufanele bacabangele izinto ezifana isisindo impahla ukufulela kanye kungenzeka iqhwa umthwalo. Ngaphansi metal, isibonelo, ibhodi ukwesekwa kungenzeka eziqoshwe pitch 230 - 400 mm. Ngaphansi battens ukufulela sokuxazulula okuqinile, njll

Timber isisekelo ngaphansi ukufulela impahla futhi zikhethwa ngokuphathelene isisindo yokugcina. Ukuze ahlanganise ikesi ingasetshenziswa njengoba imithi, futhi ibhodi. Kunoma ikuphi, thatha elisekela obandayo zimi kakhulu ugodo ububanzi is hhayi Kunconywa. kungenzeka izakhi Kungenjalo Batten ekuqhubeni ophahleni aluka. Futhi, amabhodi ububanzi ngokuvamile crack, okuyinto engenza amapuleti obandayo encasing impahla aluthembekile kakhulu. Inketho kangcono walkable amapulangwe kubhekwe noma amabhodi 150 mm ububanzi.