Romani Ulimi: kanjani ukuze ufunde ngokushesha?

ulimi romani (noma kunalokho izilimi) eplanethini yethu siqu ambalwa. Abanye bangase bacabange ngisho ukuthi, njengomphostoli Latin ulimi romani - efile, kodwa akuyona. Funda ulimi zakudala Kungenzeka, kodwa kuqala kudingeka wazi ukuthi igama elithi, ngoba akuyona ulimi, kodwa iqembu lonke.

inhlangano bhalobasar onek

Romani ulimi - iqembu izilimi zesiLatini. Indawo yokusabalalisa yabo - the Gallo-Italian endaweni ulimi, ukuze awayona iqembu zofuzo.

ulimi Friulian lethiwa esifundeni Friuli e-Italy, lapho basakaza. Le ndawo linwebekela ngasenyakatho esuka Venice ukuba nomngcele wase-Austria, nasempumalanga komngcele Slovenia.

ulimi ladino njengoba kukhona inyakatho ye-Italy, empumalanga le Dolomites, endaweni Alto Adige.

Romani - Swiss ulimi romani, okuyinto ndawo engokwemvelo Rhine esigodini futhi Canton of Grisons.

Engadine lwesigodi - kufakwe kuleli qembu. Usenguye lapho Inn Valley eSwitzerland.

izikhulumi aboMdabu

Isiphetho lezi zilimi Kuyathakazelisa. Okuvame kakhulu okwamanje Friulian, lukhulunywa ngabantu abangaba ngu ezinkulungwaneni ezingamakhulu amathathu. Okwamanje, zonke izilimi ezine eziphakanyiswe ngokomthetho njengoba izilimi kazwelonke, kodwa romani imzuzele isimo esemthethweni muva (ungumnikazi eziningana amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu emhlabeni). Okungukuthi, ngisho ngolimi romani uyaphila, kodwa ezikoleni Swiss ifundiswa kuphela ezindaweni lapho abezindaba ngqo baphile. By the way, izakhamuzi Canton of Grisons yokungcwaba ngolimi lwabo akahambi: inyatheliswe amaphephandaba amaningana nomagazini, wenza nezibonakaliso nezibonakaliso. Ngisho somsakazo e romani Canton.

Isici ezithakazelisayo: romani (futhi Friulian) has zezigodi eziningana. Verhneengadinsky futhi surselvsky abaluleke kakhulu. Ngezikhawu konyaka, esikhundleni nomunye ehhovisi ulimi kazwelonke we Canton.

Latin

Izimpande zawo kuyinto zakudala futhi romani. Yiluphi ulimi ulale e osekelwe kuyo? Yiqiniso, Latin. AmaRoma asendulo ngilinqobile Alpine esifundeni, ndawonye izikhali kanye ngolimi lwabo. Igalelo lakhe wenza, futhi kuthuthwa unomphela izizwana kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kodwa-ke, izakhamuzi Canton of Graubünden ihlaya ukuthi uma umuntu kusukela legionaries Roman ngokuzumayo kwabafileyo wacela iphakethe likagwayi, bekuyoba kuqondwe esitodlwaneni eliseduze.

Ngo 8-9 eminyaka ulimi Swiss romani kubhekene nengcindezi enamandla isiJalimane, njengoba yokugcina uthola isimo ulimi zokuphatha. Nakuba romani ulimi imibhalo ngisho eshicilelwe futhi ngokuhumusha imibhalo yenkolo, eziningi zazo izinguqulo ezisusela olimini lwesiLatin. "Ongumlimi" ulimi zakudala steadfastly labetibambile amakhulu eminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi, ngisho phakathi nekhulu le-19, cishe isigamu somphakathi Canton of Grisons ngokuthi nowokuzalwa ulimi romani.

Kukholakala ukuthi kuleli khulu leminyaka, kuba buhlungu enkulu: abangasebenzi sebufike ekugcineni, kanye nokuthuthukiswa komgwaqo kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi siyanda isibalo izikhulumi bomdabu ushiye Canton. Ukuze uthole umsebenzi omuhle endaweni entsha, babefanele balukhulume German.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, abalobi zendawo inhlangano kwamasiko bahlabe umkhosi: ulimi wasongelwa yokuqothulwa. Ngenxa yalokho wokunyusa zayo kuphela Canton, kodwa futhi nezinye izindawo, romani ulimi Switzerland wakhushulwa ukuze isimo ulimi wezwe, kodwa lena kwakungeyona kudala - ngo-1938.

Friuli

Okuvame kakhulu ulimi romani - Friulian. Nakuba izazi zezilimi yesimanje sokuphikisa ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo eqenjini Romance ulimi futhi zivame abhekwe njengendoda ulimi ehlukile. Kule ndaba, kukhona namanje akukho ukuvumelana.

Friulian ezicini ezithile esifana izilimi inyakatho ye-Italy, kodwa hhayi ngokwanele ukuba lokho ukubheke njengengxenye ahlobene. Iqembu "romani" Usalokhu iza, nakuba lokhu ngezigaba ibizwa ngokuthi ososayensi futhi kancane yisikhathi.

Ngo Friulian ukulondolozwa diphthong, njengoba isici isici uyisiphetho emangalisa yegama uzwakalise ongwaqa. Kukhona izici ezithile e lolimi: ezimbili izinhlobo bunyenti, futhi ukusetshenziswa inflection ekhethekile isiphakamiso design nalolu daba.

izilimi ubunye

Nakuba Rhaetian iqembu ulimi futhi babe izici ezivamile, kunemibandela kuhlanganiswe wabayisa neqembu elilodwa hhayi isikhathi eside kakhulu edlule. Yenziwe sezilimi Italian G. Ascoli ngo-1873. Wahlola ngokuningiliziwe udaba bobunye kwezilimi okuthiwa "Ladin sigodzi," okusho ukuthi, romani, Ladin kanye Friulian ulimi, kodwa amanothi nesizungu lakamuva. Igama elithi "ulimi romani" laqanjwa yi umlobi nesazi-German T. Gartner ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi ukushicilelwa umsebenzi Ascoli.

Ngaphezu yesimanje igama zezilimi ayesetshenziswa kwemisebenzi, ezifana "Alpine Romance", "retoladinsky", "Reto-Friulian", futhi lonke iqembu emisebenzini ethile (isib, uH Schneller), Friuli okuthiwa ulimi ladino-kurvalskim Union.

Ngiphakathi Ascoli noma Gartner "ngokusemthethweni" hhayi kufakwe Friulian iqembu romani ulimi, kodwa ngasizathu simbe, abacwaningi abaningi Romance izilimi, wabizwa ibhekwa njengengxenye endaweni Ladin.

Kanjani ukuba afunde romani ulimi

Kuyinto ulimi bungavami, ngakho ukuthola uthisha ezindaweni ulimi kungase kube nzima (noma ezibizayo), kodwa musa ukuphelelwa ithemba - konke okudingayo kungatholakala kuyi-Internet. Into yokuqala udinga - incwadi yohlelo lolimi. Ukuthuthukiswa nganoma yiluphi ulimi ukuthi elula ukuqala oliqondayo oyiyo. Inkinga lapha kungaba ukuthi izincwadi kanye izichazamazwi, ngokuvamile, futhi kukhulunywa izilimi zakwamanye amazwe: isiJalimane, isiFulentshi, isiNtaliyane. Kulula kakhulu ukubhekana ulimi kuyoba nguwe okhuluma isi-Latin.

izikhulumi bomdabu kancane, kodwa. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukufunda ulimi esifundeni nokusakazwa kwayo. Uma lokhu kungeke kwenzeke - ukuzama ukuthola othwala zevidiyo kulabo ngifuna umngane esingakhela kuyo ingxoxo yethu ngolimi okungelona lwakubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona eqanjiwe e romani; ikakhulukazi ukuhumushwa nezincwadi zakudala Antique, isibonelo, izinganekwane Aesop BakaJehova. Ukufunda awugcini nje ngokusisiza ukuba ufunde ulimi ngokushesha, kodwa futhi kwenza inqubo ezithakazelisayo.