Izilimi Israyeli. Yikuphi zilimi zikhulunywa e-Israyeli?

On indawo yakwa-Israyeli ukuze uthole kanye nomunye abamele amaqembu ezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene. Ukuhamba phakathi kweJerusalema, izivakashi kungaba bethola ukuthi ungumJuda zenkolo ukugqoka isigqoko futhi izingubo ezimnyama, kanye isikhafu kazwelonke Arab. Ukwakhela phezu kwasiphi zilimi zikhulunywa e-Israel namuhla?

Izilimi eziyinhloko

Okwamanje, lezo zilimi ezisemthethweni kwaIsrayeli, ababili - kuyinto Arabic nesiHebheru. Ngaphezu kwalokho zingabantu ikuyo yonke indawo futhi isiNtaliyane, isi-Persian, isiRomania Ethiopia, i-English kanye nabanye abaningi. Hebrew ukukhuluma abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-5. Lolu ulimi eyinhloko Israyeli. Nokho, kuwo wonke umlando lwesiHebheru saphela ulimi yokuxhumana kwansuku zonke. Kancane kancane, wathuthela wemibhalo yenkolo, amasiko, kanye nezincwadi. Ngezinga elincane basakaza Arabhu. Nokho, kokubili ulimi Israyeli, njengamafu Arabhu nesiHebheru, eyomphakathi.

Lapho esingumTopiya Israyeli?

Abantu abeza okokuqala e-Israel, ngokuvamile bayavuma ukuthi umbono wabo amaJuda kwashintsha kakhulu ngemva komhlangano neqembu yobuhlanga lamaJuda Ethiopia - the Falasha. Lena umphakathi angamaJuda ayehlala North kanye North-West ahamba ngamahhashi aseTopiya. Labo abathanda ulimi olukhulunywa Israyeli, ngeke bamangale ukuthi omunye obujwayelekile umTopiya. Falasha bazibheke inzalo weNkosi uSolomoni Queen yaseSheba. Ngokusemthethweni, base waqaphela njengoba amaJuda kunalokho sekwephuzile, kuphela ngo-1973.

Yingaleso sikhathi-ke ukuthi abantu banelungelo lokuba yisakhamuzi Israeli. Nokho, kwakungadingeki baziswa neziphathimandla ongumTopiya. Ngawo lowo nyaka, umthetho wakhishwa ukuthi abaseTopiya kungavunyelwe ziphume ziphele kuleli zwe. Nakuba amanye amalungu omphakathi futhi wakwazi ukubaleka, abaningi babo bafa endleleni. Maphakathi nawo-Eighties, iziphathimandla Israeli isinqumo ukundlula kokuvinjelwa ukuzama ukuletha amaJuda evela e-Afrika. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa eziningana eZweni Lesithembiso ziphuthunyiswe amaJuda Ethiopia mayelana 35,000. Ngale ndlela, lezi zilimi Ethiopia zikhulunywa endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi u-Israyeli.

Arabic kwa-Israyeli

Ministry Israeli semfundo linomnyango olukhethekile-Arabhu, lapho okhula sekharikhulamu abafundi abakhuluma isi-Arabhu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iningi labo bafundiswa isiHebheru, abaningi babo musa ukukhuluma okuhle ngokwanele. Ngokusho lesi sikweletu, abafundi abangamaJuda ekilasini lokuqala kufanele bafunde ulimi Arabic futhi Arab, esikhundleni salokho, kudingeka afunde isiHebheru. Arabhu saba ulimi olusemthethweni-Israyeli, kuhlanganise sinombono nokugcina ukuthula kuleliya lizwe. Ngu yezilimi ochwepheshe bangase baphikise ngokuthi isithakazelo sakwa-Israyeli ukuze ukufunda ulimi Arabic eminyakeni yamuva futhi ngaphandle ukwethulwa ekhethekile imithetho iyakhula.

nokudlanga Russian

ephalamende Israyeli sika uhlongoza ngokuphindaphindiwe umthetho okusalungiswa ukwethulwa isiRashiya e-uhlu lwezilimi ezisemthethweni Israyeli. Okwamuva yalezi izikweletu siphakamisiwe ngo-August 2008. Ulimi ezivamile, lokuyintfo lefundziswa ezikoleni Israeli - ke English. Futhi ngokuvamile wafundelwa futhi olunye ulimi lwesibili, ngokuvamile French noma Arabic. Kusukela ngo-2008 he is a Russian. Nokho, iningi izikhulumi Russian e-Israel - ke abantu asebebadala. Nokho, abaningi bathi Russian zifana lwesigodi. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, lonke inani lelo phephandaba linethonya elingakanani Russian, kanye nabezindaba Tindlelanchubo yini ishicilelwe ngolimi olusemthethweni Israyeli - isiHebheru.

Abaningi tour opharetha ukunikeza amakhasimende abo ukuthi ngeke babe nezinkinga zokuxhumana ngesikhathi evakashele Israyeli. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi u-20% abantu sebebonke ka leli lizwe umyalo ezinhle kakhulu Russian. Emashumini eminyaka amuva, kuleli zwe eye yaqhubekela ngamaJuda kwesigidi ukuphuma ngaphansi kweSoviet Union, okuyiwona isiRashiya kwakuwulimi cishe nomkhaya. Nokho, isizukulwane esisha sabantu abasha e zokuxhumana kwansuku uncamela ukusebenzisa ulimi nombuso wakwa-Israyeli - isiHebheru.

Kusukela umlando Hebrew

Ulimi olusemthethweni Israyeli linomlando omude. Igama elithi "ngesiHebheru" ngokwezwi nezwi ehunyushwa ngokuthi njengoba "ngesiHebheru". kakhulu Igama wabonakala iminyaka engu-100 edlule, kuba kuqhathaniswa entsha. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, amaJuda alibiza ngokuthi ngolimi lwabo nolimi ongcwele. izazi zokuma komhlaba Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi igama lesiHebheru uNkulunkulu uJehova waxoxa Adamu ePharadesi. Nokho, ososayensi baqaphile okuningi iziphetho zabo. Ngokusho kwabo, igama lesiHebheru - ulimi ngempela lasendulo. Ubudala yale mibhalo endala ngesiHebheru, okuyinto zitholakale endaweni ka-Israyeli, komyalelo wokungabi iminyaka 3000. Nokho, ososayensi bayaqiniseka ukuthi imibhalo eminingi yasendulo lebhalwako ngisho ngaphambili - ku BC XII leminyaka. Kuyinto sikhathi futhi ubhekwa umsuka umlando isiHebheru. AmaJuda asendulo wasebenzisa incwadi waseFenike. Kubonakala sengathi babefundiswa ukuba ezweni laseKhanani.

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izinhlamvu zamagama waseFenike baka hieroglyphs baseGibhithe lasendulo. Kazi kufanele zivela wonke amagama isikhathi sethu - lokhu isiHebheru, isiGreki, isi-Latin, Arabhu. Cuneiform lingafunyanwa. Wanwetshelwa enyakatho lwaseFenike. Kuze kube manje, le ncwadi isiHebheru, kodwa ifomu Ushintshe kakhulu, isetshenziswa ukubhala Torah. I IV c. BC. e. Hebrew saphela uyaphila. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwaba khona ingozi engathi sína ukungenwa nokulahlekelwa yokubiza wemibhalo yenkolo ezihlukahlukene. Ekhulwini lesithupha umbhalo uhlelo, okuyinto ucacise ngokuphelele ukuphinyiselwa okufanele kwamagama zenzelwe. Siyabonga zasenhla ngolimi lwesiHebheru beza ezinsukwini zethu.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Israyeli nesiHebheru

Ngakho, siye sacabangela impendulo yombuzo ulimi olukhulunywa e-Israel. Yimaphi amanye amaqiniso engase abe nesithakazelo kulabo abafuna ukumazi isiko kuleli zwe? dolobha yakwa-Israyeli yiJerusalema. On insimu yalo kukhona izikhungo zomphakathi main. Nokho, i-main samabhizinisi yezwe - kuba Tel Aviv. Kulapho endlunkulu corporations ahlukahlukene kanye consulates ngamazwe. Iviki ku Israyeli kungaqali ngoMsombuluko, njengoba wamukelwa kabanzi emazweni abuswa, futhi ngeSonto. NgoMgqibelo, ukuphila cishe sithule. Nokho, izakhamuzi zendawo ukuthi manje akusona iSabatha waphawula njengoba ngokuqinile njengoba kwakunjalo eminyakeni engu-15 edlule. Ezinye izitolo zisekhona evulekile. Bathi e Israyeli Ungaphila impilo futhi cishe ngumnikazi isiHebheru. Ngisho nalabo Israyeli azalelwa lapha, uyokwazi ukuqonda.

Nokho, ukuze ukwazi ukuthola umsebenzi kudinga ulwazi ngolimi nombuso wakwa-Israyeli - isiHebheru. Lena ngolimi olulula. Uyena ehlelekile kakhulu futhi okunengqondo. Sici Its main wukuthi kulo azikho onkamisa, futhi magama ebhalwe kusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesokunxele. Abaningi banesithakazelo ulimi olukhulunywa Israyeli, njengoba ongathanda ukubazi isiko lendawo. Kulula ukufunda isiHebheru. Ekuqaleni, kunzima ukuba banqobe wagxila ukuvula izincwadi kusukela ekupheleni kunokuba ekuqaleni. NgesiHebheru, igama elithi lincane ngokwanele, futhi isenzo kancane izikhathi 4 kuka in isiRashiya. Empeleni, ukufunda ukuba kuchazwe ngesiHebheru, kuthatha izinyanga mayelana 6 uma kukhona ingxoxo kokuzijayeza ngelanga.