"Izhitsa" - uphawu livela Old Church lwamaSlav alfabhethi

Lapho ufunda nezincwadi zakudala, ngezinye izikhathi kunezindlela amazwi, amagugu zazo akwaziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi babo okokuqala uzwa. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba isiRashiya, kanye nanoma yikuphi emhlabeni, ashukumisayo ngokwanele, minyaka yonke kukhona amagama amasha, abanye baphume ukusetshenziswa. Nakhu okwenzeka ngegama elithi "izhitsa". Leli gama ingatholakala Nikolaya Vasilevicha Gogolya emsebenzini wakhe "The Tale of kanjani Ivan Ivanovich baphikisana Ivan Nikiforovich".

Inani

Abantu abaningi bayazi mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu Old Church lwamaSlav zamagama, owawungumnyaka Cyrillic kuqala futhi lalinabashumayeli 45 izinhlamvu. Ekuqaleni lenzeka wangekhulu lesi-9 okuxhumana e-isiSlavonic Esidala neBandla lwamaSlav izilimi.

Ngakho, izhitsa - iyona ncwadi yale zamagama, okuyinto kamuva pre-kabusha yokubhala isiRashiya. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi uphawu okuthiwa wazalwa ngibonga esinye - Epsilon, okuyinto manje zamagama ngesiGreki. Izhitsa asetshenziswe "i" ukuze sibhekisele izinhlamvu yesimanje Russian. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi kunezindlela amazwi ngolimi lwesiGreki.

isibonisi

Igama elithi "izhitsa" kwadingeka lenqwaba okuhlukile uphawu. Lencwadi amelwe ngezindlela ezahlukene: yayibukeka njengesikhonyane "y" yesimanje, kwakunjengokungathi kuyisifo sibalo 8 ne uyonquma umqhele. Inani kwamanani kuyo isiSlavonic Esidala - 400.

Izhitsa kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa ngokubhala lasendulo, + njengasosukwini lokungivivinya 19-20 leminyaka. Ngezinye izikhathi kwakudingeka "w". Uma isetshenziswa kanye "o", kwaba nje ukubaluleka izinhlamvu yesimanje "u". Futhi ekuqaleni kwaba inhlanganisela nakwenza 'njengomalusi oh "lapho ungenayo isikhala esanele," thina "ithunyelwa phezulu" o ", futhi ngaleyo ndlela uthole ukuthi uphawu abadumile, afana sibalo okuqoqiwe 8.

ukuguqulwa

Izhitsa - lena incwadi uke wazama kaningi ukuze siphinde sithole, bese futhi "ukubhubhisa". Ngakho kwaba ngekhulu le-14. Kwase sebenqume lesi sibonakaliso noma kunalokho ikhophi yayo Greek - Upsilon. Yize incwadi ilahlekelwa "umsila aphansi" futhi ngenxa yalokho, aba ukushintshwa. Phela, inketho yokugcina Izhitsa zingatholakala ezincwadini zesonto.

perusal

Izhitsa lesifanele ukufunda ngaleso sikhathi kwakunzima ukunquma. Kuye lihambisana namanye izimpawu ifundwe ngokuthi "futhi", "y" ngisho "e." Futhi ngokusemthethweni ukufunda leli thonya uphawu futhi khona isikhuphukeli. Uma uphawu ingaphezu ukucindezeleka, kuba unkamisa "i", uma akukho - ke, ngokuvumelana "c".

Liphinde ngokuvamile itholakala, noma usebenzise diarezisa kendemy. Lezi zici zivela ngolimi lwesiGreki. Kodwa-ke Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngisho izimpawu hhayi kungaba ezimele izici zamagama.

isiRashiya

Ngo izhitsa Russian - iyona ncwadi owavela emva isonto yokubhala isiRashiya futhi zamagama. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uPetru I. Kwakusonyakeni 1700s okuqala. Inkosi usanda kwethula lento uhlelo lula ngokubhala ngiyilahle ezinye izinhlamvu zamagama kanye risers. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhanselwe futhi izhitsa.

Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, kwanqunywa ukuba ubuyisele lesi sibonakaliso. Ngo-1735 futhi "wangcwatshwa". Kakade eminyakeni 23 esebuyisele futhi. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, sanquma ukukhansela, futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 waphinda abuyiselwe. Futhi nakuba ngo-1857 Izhitsa waphinde wazama ukususa lesi sigwebo ezingabanjwanga "by indlebe", njengoba uphawu nokunye ezingavamile. It wasetshenziselwa sazikhohlwa, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ifakwe etibayeni, okubonisa ukusetshenziswa siyindlala.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwathiwa zabona ezinye izinkozi wokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo Izhitsa, nakuba kuphela ngemva kweminyaka embalwa. Ngo-1917, kwaba khona kabusha isipelingi, lapho isibonakaliso engashiwongo. Kodwa lapha kukhona inkolelo yokuthi yayibizwa Izhitsa ngokuphelele uyekwa. Okungenani-ke uthi Great Soviet Encyclopedia.

Eqinisweni, incwadi wanyamalala kancane kancane, lapho kwakukhona zamagama civil uPetru. Ezinye kamuva owaba ukukholelwa ukuthi ukubonakala incwadi "y" ixhunyiwe nje Izhitsa, nakuba kukhona kokuqagela ukuthi uphawu "U" - lokhu akulona ukuqhubeka "V, V", futhi ukuguqulwa "UK".

ezinye izinketho

Mayelana elithi "izhitsa" isichazamazwi etymological Krylov lithi iledere Cyrillic zamagama, okuyinto ethatha le isikhundla 42 th. It esake lathathwa lwamaSlav zamagama. Isisekelo kumiswa uphawu kwaba "ijoka". Futhi kunenkolelo ukuthi uphawu sifana ijoka elithatha arc shape kanye luchazwa ngegama elithi "ijoka".

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kwabathile Gogol okukhulunywa Izhitsa ukhuluma ngani ukuma emlonyeni yomunye wabalingiswa emsebenzini wakhe, khona ziyizaga. Ngokwesibonelo, "ukunquma Izhitsa" kusho isijeziso izinduku.