Rojava. Rojava ukungqubuzana

Rojava Itholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga kaShamayi (igama lendawo yaseSiriya) futhi usesikhundleni nsimu enkulukazi. Kule minyaka embalwa edlule, esifundeni ngokuvamile sigxile kuphi izindaba zomhlaba ngenxa imisebenzi ukulwa ngo kohlaka impi yombango yaseSiriya. Kuze kube manje, Kurdistan ingenye asobala emhlabeni. Nokho, lena yindawo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu iphuzu izivakashi umbono. Lapha umuntu angabona izikhumbuzo amaningi asendulo nemicikilisho isiko eminyaka ubudala abantu wemathando.

Incazelo esifundeni

Rojava - kuba kunalokho izifunda self-enyakatho yeSiriya. Ngaphansi umthethosisekelo, esifundeni liyingxenye Syrian Arab Republic. Kodwa cishe 4 iminyaka insimu de empeleni waba kulawulwa ezinhlanganweni zendawo. YaseSiriya umphakathi Kurdish kuphela ingxenye okuthiwa Greater Kurdistan. Lokho insimu yalapho Kurds baphile. Insimu Kurdistan kuyingxenye 3 zona zithi: Syria, Turkey, Iraq. Futhi ayikho neyodwa kuzo ayinakho ukuzimela. Nokho, Kurds abasakwazi kuyisikhathi eside ukuze kwakhiwe isimo kazwelonke. On endaweni yaseSiriya labantu Kurdish zabantu abacishe babe izigidi ezingu-5, iningi lama-okuyinto - the Kurds. Ukusetshenziswa Rozhava noma Western Kurdistan (njengoba akhiwe entshonalanga maqondana nezinye izindawo labantu Kurdish) njengoba self-esifundeni.

Ukwakheka zezombusazwe

izilimi ezinkulu - Arabhu futhi Kurmanji. Ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo, nakho uletha imali eziyisisekelo. Kwezinye izindawo esikhiqiza uwoyela. Ngemva kokuqala kwempi, iningi ezezimali ichithwa ukuzivikela futhi izikhali. Ngakho-ke, iziphathimandla zanquma zivimbele intela zonke abantu abazimele kanye zomthetho. Lokhu siye sabakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi amancane ukudalwa kwama co-op amaningi amancane. Nokho, isimo unomthwalo wemfanelo alawule amanani futhi ukubhekana ukubukeka okungenzeka monopolies.

Inkolo e Kurdistan kudlala indima zincane kunalokho e engumakhelwane Arabhu sithi. Lapho amandla Rozhave ngokuphelele wokuziphilisa. Emuva ekhulwini lama-20, Kurds ngobuningi waqala ukuhlukanisa ezahlukene kwesokunxele-wing imibono, kuhlanganise ubukhomanisi Marxism-Leninism. ukulwa amaqembu olukhulu esase sikhona kakade ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi. Ingxabano yamuva futhi ngokucijile ephakanyiswe igagasi ubuzwe zezakhamizi kanye nesifiso yokuhlanganisa zonke izindawo Kurdish ibe single isimo sezwe. Kurds kukhona isizwe lesibili emhlabeni ukuthi akudingeki ezinjalo.

Ukuqala impi yombango Syria

Rojava ukungqubuzana waqala kanyekanye ne izibhelu ezweni lonke. Phakathi no-2011 imibhikisho emelene nohulumeni raged yonkana Syria. I Kurds futhi baye bamsekela kubo. Nokho, izimfuneko kuhluke. Okokuqala, kwakukhona izingcingo for ukuzimela noma ukuzimela yesifunda. Kwakuyisikhathi ngokubambisana ukuphikiswa yaseSiriya. Nokho, ngo-2012 isimo usufinyelele. Ukulandela itholene phezulu namabutho izikhulu zamaphoyisa abaphikisi okuhleliwe uchungechunge ukuhlaselwa. Emafektri zaphangwa izikhali. Ngalesi sikhathi, izenzakalo zezombusazwe kuleli zwe bajoyine linjalo olukhulu Islamic. Kwagqashuka udlame phakathi kwakhiwa umSiriya Mahhala Army-mbuso namasosha kahulumeni ngokusekelwa paramilitaristskih zokwakheka proasadovskih.

Impi Kurdistan yaseSiriya nge Islamism

Ngoba phakathi Kurds Islamism olukhulu neze ethandwa, Rojava eside babengathathi hlangothi. Nokho, amaqembu endawo bawaqhwaga amandla futhi osungulwe Supreme Council, okuyinto amandla esifundeni. Kulokhu, lo Kurds musa ukuphika ukuthi bayingxenye wakwa-Aram, Bashar al-Assad ukubambisana ezindaweni eziningi. Ezinye izindawo Kurdistan uqhubeke ukuhlala ngaphansi kokulawulwa uhulumeni yaseSiriya. National yaseSiriya Council ayiboni kutimela Rozhavy, kodwa akusho ukubiza sokuthatha isinyathelo. Uhulumeni uye walisho ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ulungele ukuba bayekethise futhi anikeze Kurds ukuzimela ezibanzi ngaphakathi kohlaka umthethosisekelo yaseSiriya.

impi eshubile

Ngo-2013, Syria uye waqinisa iqembu "Islamic State of Iraq kanye baseLevant". Bonke abakhipha imbiko izwe kubikwa LIH emva yimpumelelo ukuhlaselwa amasosha e Mosul. Ngo irekhodi isikhathi kokuncinyane kwezikhali kanye nabasebenzi fighters bakwazi ukuyokudla bese ubamba elinye lamadolobha ngobukhulu kuleli zwe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngaqala ngenkuthalo ukwandisa LIH. Ngaphansi kokulawula Islamists babe izindawo ezinkulu Iraq and Syria. Ngemva kwesikhashana beza ezisenyakatho lizwe.

Ukuvikela bendawo kusukela Islamists waqala ngenkuthalo ujoyine nezidlamlilo. Rojava ingxabano yaqubuka kabusha ngasekupheleni 2013 ngokugcwele. Kuleli qophelo, LIH ancamuka lonke ezisenyakatho Syria. Ingxenye esentshonalanga Kurdistan waqunywa wasuka lonke amaphekula hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi khulula Syrian Army (FSA). LIH amasosha waqala ukuhlasela asebenzayo on ensimini Kurdish endaweni Kőbánya komuzi. Ngesikhashana nje bakwazi ibenze front line ngezinyawo amakhilomitha amaningi kwezinye izindawo.

Peshmerga

The main lempi amabutho Kurdistan Peshmerga ukuphi. Bona Kwamiswa phezu 100 edlule futhi athathwe zamaKhosi. Kuze kube manje, ngokusho emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, inombolo zalamaqembu.I balinganiselwa ku eziyinkulungwane 150-200. Basuke belwa namabutho "isimo Islamic" eSyria nase-Iraq. Rozhava uthola usizo ezinkulu zezimali nezibuciko Iraq.

On insimu amaqembu yaseSiriya Kurdish usebenze abezempi wavelonkhe, ngubani empeleni iphiko nenkani-Democratic Party yase-Aramu. Ngo amasosha akhe amaningi zalamaqembu.I ubambe kwesokunxele-wing yekuphila. ukugeleza elikhulu lezisebenzi zokuzithandela livela Turkey, okuyinto eyayihlala Kurds. Kube ezazishushumbiswa Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). Futhi, bendawo iqoqa usizo njalo amasosha nezakhamuzi ehlaselwe lokulwa.

Impi nge Islamism

Oshayasibhamu LIH liziphathe ngendlela enesihluku ikakhulukazi maqondana Kurds. Esikhathini abezindaba leaked amashumi ubufakazi kohlanga lalolo hlanga. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, futhi sibonga amakhulu amavolontiya ukuza ubudlelwane Kurdistan PKK nyangazonke. Ngokuyisisekelo abantu kwesokunxele-wing. amaqembu Communist emazweni amaningi aseYurophu ihlelwe ashushumbise amavolontiya ukulwa LIH. Kuyinto ngokuyinhloko eJalimane, eSpain nase-Italy. Abezindaba njalo zibalwa ulwazi mayelana nokufika amavolontiya Russian. Siphindze safundza ngekutsi iqembu French awubambe AmaSeparatist ku Donbass, futhi wafika e-Aramu ngezandla zabo. Long lokuvimbezela nangokwakha izimpi abanolaka emzini Cobán baye kwaphoqa komphakathi weentjhabatjhaba ukuveza nokuzwelana ne ovinjezelwe. Izinsuku zeviki fighters Kurdish e yaseSiriya Kurdistan bangaphansi amabhomu njalo zamaphekula.

Rojava ngokumelene Turkey

Uhulumeni Turkish kwaba esishayisana Kurds. ETurkey ngokwayo iyikhaya lenqwaba Kurds ngubani asinayo ukuzimela. Ngenxa yalokhu okwenzeka ngesikhathi ezahlukene lokho kuvukela, okuyinto ngesihluku ukuyiveza neziphathimandla Turkish. PKK njalo uqhuba bedubulana namaphoyisa Turkish ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni. Turkey ifuna ngokuphindaphindiwe leNhlangano yeziZwe ukuthi aqaphele Kurdish amaqembu amavukela-mbuso amaphekula. UMongameli Erdogan ngokwakhe wathi akazange avumele ukwakhiwa kweSikhungo Kurdish sezwe emkhawulweni walo. Ngenxa yalokho, Kurds uqalisiwe imisebenzi asebenzayo siphambukisa ensimini ka Turkey. Esikhathini ukusebenza eside amabutho kahulumeni eyayilwa Kurds kakade ubulele engaphezu kwekhulu amasosha. Ezihlubukini ubelokhu asekelayo Rojava. Ingabe kungaba khona ukuthula ku nenkululeko esifundeni, ke ibingakazeki.