Oshayasibhamu "state amaSulumane." Islamist nhlangano amaphekula

Kuze kube manje, esiyingozi kakhulu nhlangano amaphekula e izwe behlukanisa "isimo Islamic" (IG). Usuku ngalunye oludlulayo inani abasekeli bayo ukhula, futhi ubukhulu ezindaweni ezilawulwa ke, kwandisa. Ake sibheke izizathu lokhu mkhuba futhi ukuthola ezingase zivele ezibangelwa izwe kukhona amasosha "state amaSulumane."

Umsuka wegama inhlangano

Ngemva kokugumbuqelwa ngo-2003 e-Iraq, umbuso Saddam Hussein, kuleli zwe isibe omunye izikhungo emhlabeni enkulu extremism Islamic. On insimu yalo Baqala ukwenza e Muslim eziningi izinhlangano amaphekula, ikakhulukazi Sunni, yamemezela kusengaphambili umgomo yokulwa US, Israyeli kanye Shia. Elinye lamaqembu esiqine babe "Ansar al-Islam" ngaphansi kobuholi al-Zarqawi, kamuva wavuma ngokwabo njengengxenye "Al-Qaeda."

History of the IG omzimba athathwe ngo-2006, lapho ngesisekelo ubunye we Iraq "Al-Qaeda 'amaseli namanye amaqembu ziyingozi Muslim, ememezela ukusungulwa yemfundo" Islamic State of Iraq. " Maphakathi lokhu kuhambisana neyaziwayo nedolobha laseMosul, futhi umholi wokuqala - Abu Abdullah al-Baghdadi. Kusukela yaqala ukuba khona, inhlangano iye bahileleke impi nemisebenzi kwamaphekula e-Iraq. Kusukela maphakathi Meyi 2010 ngemva kokufa eyandulela waba inhloko yalawa iqembu, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, ne isihloko emir.

Parish Syria

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngemuva kokuqala ngo-2011 e Syria yombango phakathi uMongameli Assad kanye umbuso wakhe bomlilo, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona amasosha amaSulumane, leli zwe like futhi ube Kugcwele nokungathembani esifundeni. Lapha saqala ukubutha amabutho ahlukahlukene ziyingozi.

Ungahlali ongangeneki nokubuthelela, eholwa Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Mayelana ukufika e Syria wathatha igama elisha kusukela ngasekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli 2013, "Islamic State of Iraq kanye baseLevant." Lokhu wahlambalaza abaholi "al-Qaeda 'ngokukhethekile, owalandela ukuba Osama bin Laden, ayman al-Zawahiri. Phela, leli qembu kuze kube yileso sikhathi lalibhekwa ngaphansi kolawulo, "al-Qaeda 'inhlangano, kodwa Syria ke siqhutshwa kakade kwesinye isitokisi -". Al-Nusra Front "

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, LIH olawule ingxenye enkulu yase-Aramu. Maphakathi 2014 ngaphansi kwegunya lakhe kwaba endaweni enkulu endaweni yaseSiriya kokwanoma yimuphi nezinye izinhlangano ukuba impi, kuhlanganise uhulumeni Assad.

I azihlukanisa unomphela ne "Al-Qaeda '

Ngemva al-Baghdadi benqaba ukulalela ubizo al-Zavahri emuva fighters zabo ku Iraq, ngo-February 2014 ekuphathweni "al-Qaeda 'wamemezela ikhefu ephelele ne LIH, nokuthi lesi sakhiwo akuyona division yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwagqashuka impi phakathi LIH futhi iyunithi ezisemthethweni "Al-Qaeda '-". Al-Nusra Front "inhlangano Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nempi phakathi kwabo, lubulala cishe 1,800 fighters kusuka zombili.

Nokho, ekuqaleni nokusebenzisa umoya ushaya sokusebenzisana Western izikhundla nenkani phakathi LIH futhi "Al-Nusra Front" kwaphethwa ngokuthi isivumelwano nobumbano.

Ukumenyezelwa sompristi

Ngemva yimpumelelo ezempi engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2014 namabutho 'Iraq kanye Levant, uMbuso Islamic' ayethathe izindawo ezinkulu Syria and Iraq, kanye eziningi emadolobheni amakhulu, kuhlanganise Mosul futhi Tikrit, esondela iBaghdad. On the wave impumelelo yokuthi umholi wawo, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi phakathi 2014 yazibeka Umbusi wamaSulumane.

Kwaba isenzakalo esibalulekile, njengoba isihloko Umbusi wamaSulumane kwakusho abathi mkhulu phezu umhlaba wonke Muslim. I last, okuyinto wazala isihloko, kwaba omele lwamakhosi Osman Abdul Majid II, zibancishe ke ngo-1924. Ngakho, al-Baghdadi amangalelwe ukulandelana sultans WaseTurkey futhi, ngokufanelekile, insimu kanye kulawulwa ke. Nokho, babesekela umbono wokusungula sompristi emhlabeni wonke.

Kule ndaba, kwanqunywa ukuba asuse ihange lesifunda egameni inhlangano, futhi manje yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi "Islamic State."

Coalition airstrikes amasosha IG

Ukubona ingozi emhlabeni kukhona amasosha iqembu "Islamic State", eziningi emazweni aseNtshonalanga, kuhlanganise US, e-Australia, Great Britain France, isithathe isinqumo nobumbano ngokumelene izinsongo zobuphekula. Ngo-June 2014, la mandla wenza emoyeni phezu izikhundla abashisekeli eSyria nase-Iraq. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuqhuma kwamabhomu, yena elambulala yi Umbusi wamaSulumane u-al-Baghdadi, owashona ngo-March 2015. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, akayena owabafileyo kodwa nje ikhubazeke. Walandelwa esikhundleni Abu Ala al-Afri, obethi futhi wabulala Meyi 13, 2015.

Ukunqotshwa kwe-Kurds

Ukubuthelela "isimo Islamic" uye wahlupheka ngokuthi babi kucatshangwa ukuthi ukunqoba emlandweni wabo izimpi ne Kurds phezu komuzi Cobani ezenzeka kusukela ekuqaleni kwekwindla ka-2014 kuya ku-January 2015. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi namabutho wakwazi ukuthatha idolobha okwesikhashana, base-ke akhishwe kuye. Kusukela Februwari 2015 kuze kube namuhla kukhona izimpi for emaphandleni aseduze.

Kodwa, naphezu kwezithiyo kanye nokulahlekelwa abaholi babo, namabutho we "state Islamic" ukuqhubeka ukulawula indawo enkulu, futhi okwamanje banciphisa hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa esifundeni kodwa nasemhlabeni wonke.

Ukusabalala "State Islamic" kwezinye izifunda

Nakuba "Islamic State" engakaze obonwa yiliphi izwe emhlabeni, ngemva ukumenyezelwa kwezindaba sompristi futhi okuphawulekayo impumelelo lempi inhlangano kuye ukuze ujoyine steel ahlukahlukene amaqembu Islamic amaphekula emhlabeni wonke, ememezela yena izifundazwe "sompristi."

Okokuqala, namabutho IG bakwazi ukuthola ukusizakala eLibya. Emuva ngo-Ephreli 2014, athumba edolobheni Dern futhi Nofal, futhi manje ukugqashuka Sirte. Ngakho, naseNyakatho ye-Afrika luye lwaqina "state amaSulumane." Libya ngemva kokugumbuqelwa Gaddafi ibhuqabhuqwa impi yombango phakathi Jikelele National Congress ePhalamende. Ig control kuze kukhona indawo sincane, elinde ukubona uyosho impi phakathi main amabutho ukuphikiswa.

Omunye wabantu bokuqala bajoyine IG "-Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan", iholwa umholi wayo Usmon Gazi. Inhlangano okwamanje usebenza ngokuyinhloko Afghanistan nePakistan. Emuva ngo-2014 izikhulu Uzbek Ministry Interior chazela umphakathi ngakho.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukhokha imali eningi ukuba "isimo Islamic," kusho i-Islamist group waseGibhithe "Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis."

Ngemva inguquko Shiite eYemen futhi ekuqaleni nempi yombango inhlangano "Al-Qaeda in the Peninsula Okwe" (AQAP) ebusika sekwedlule 2015 wawuthi izibopho alinamali nenhlangano yayo umzali efunga "Umbusi wamaSulumane" al-Baghdadi. Okwamanje, AQAP e Yemen elawula indawo enkulu.

Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ka-2015, inhlangano ziyingozi "Boko Haram", okwakuthatha ilawula izwe enyakatho Nigeria futhi inkulu impi ekhona nge umfelandawonye uthi, yazibiza "the West Afrika the state amaSulumane."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, labo ababelwa we "state Islamic" wabonisa yobukhona babo Afghanistan nePakistan. Kukhona ohlangothini we IG wathatha phezu amaqembu athile Taliban. Ngakolunye amasosha the Taliban "isimo Islamic" waqala ekubeni abonane nomqashi.

Ngakho, lo mbuzo lapho kuba isimo Islamic, izwi elilodwa izimpendulo ngeke ezahlukene ukusakaza emagatsheni awo emhlabeni wonke.

Imibono yamaKhomanisi

"Isimo Islamic" uye lasuka imibono emincane Sufism futhi Wahhabism, edlala indima ephambili "Al-Qaeda." Lokhu kwakungase ukuheha inani elikhulayo abasekeli, okwemvelo, ngoba iningi labantu Syria and Iraq, Sufism futhi Wahhabism kukhona alien. abaholi IG obetha lokhu ezishaya Umbusi ka Sunnis.

Kodwa ingxenye enkulu abashisekeli we "state Islamic" akuyona izakhamuzi zendawo, futhi abameleli nezinye emazweni Arab. Futhi eziningi zokuzithandela ezivela eYurophu nase Russia, ikakhulukazi namabutho abalwela Ichkeria.

izenzo amaphekula "Islamic State" maqondana nabaphikisi futhi bendawo unonya kakhulu. Ngokuvamile wayekwenza sokuhlushwa futhi abulawa ukuboniswa.

Okuphokophelwe yi-"isimo Islamic"

Abaholi isimo Islamic declaratively kushiwo ukuthi umgomo wabo oyinhloko ukusungula sompristi ezweni global. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, namabutho uthi nokuningi izinselele eduze eside. Lezi zihlanganisa yokufuna indawo ngaphambili eyayithengwe uMbuso WaseTurkey, eNhlonhlweni ye-Arabhiya, e-Asia Ephakathi futhi eCaucasus. Ontamolukhuni nishilo ukuthi asebenza ukuthuthukisa izikhali zenuzi.

Amazwe emhlabeni wonke kumelwe bahlangane ekulweni ubuphekula, le IG, njengoba ukuba khona "State Islamic", woza impi nokufa.