Pyrus communis: betshala ukunakekelwa, izinambuzane kanye nokulawula kwabo

Ensimini ezingavamile ayikwazi ukutholwa ipheya - elibizayo izithelo zomuthi enomqhele esakaza, amahlamvu zokuhlobisa futhi izithelo okumnandi ukuthi kubhekwa uhlobo uphawu ukuchuma nenhlalakahle. Eyandulela, noma kunalokho, isisekelo unina cultivars eziningi kuhlobisa Manor baba Pyrus communis, noma zasendle. Lokhu ilunga lomndeni, ezibomvana, kwasakazwa nemvelo izindawo eziningi eMpumalanga Yurophu entshonalanga nezwekazi lase-Asia, isitshalo curious kakhulu. Nge izici izintandokazi zayo bayofaka salolu shicilelo.

Imininingwane zomlando

Hlakulela ipheya waqala amaGreki asendulo. Kuyinto kusukela woMbuso WaseByzantium, lezi izihlahla zezithelo ababesezweni lakwa-Russian. Baqale uhlolwa izindela aqala ukwanda emasimini sezindela. Ngo ezigodlweni zasebukhosini wokuqala we Romanov lwamakhosi of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich selikhule 16 izinhlobonhlobo ipheya izihlahla, futhi lapho wezinguquko enkulu uPeter Omkhulu eRussia inombolo yabo ikhuphuke kakhulu, njengoba unyaka ngamunye, emazweni aseNtshonalanga Yurophu enikeziwe izinhlobonhlobo entsha izithelo izitshalo. Namuhla, abangaphezu kuka-5,000 izinhlobonhlobo amagonandoda, ezingafani umumo kanye nosayizi izihlahla, ukunambitheka, umbala kanye nesikhathi izithelo yokuvuthwa, kwanda emazweni ehlukene.

incazelo

Pyrus communis - isihlahla izithelo (izihlahlana ngezinye izikhathi elikhulu), induduzo ukhulele 20 m ubude. Ngezinye izikhathi I ububanzi we isiqu isiko zezinhlobo ezinkulu ifinyelela 40-50 cm ipheya Young izici icwecwe, umqhele pyramidal, ngaphezulu ubudala izihlahla -. Round, shirokotsilindricheskoy noma lisakazeka. Samobesplodna isiko, t. E. Ngoba izithelo kwetinhlavu kubalulekile ukuba izinhlobo ezimbili cross-impova. Esikhathini indawo athokomele, isibonelo, izikhala izinhlobo ethandwa Sibiryachka eduze, umzukulu, abethela.

Khiqiza uhlala Pyrus communis kusukela eminyakeni engu-30 kuya ku-200. Ngezindlela eziningi, wahlala isikhathi eside zalesi sihlahla kunqunywa nemibandela ukukhula varietal izici.

isihlahla esihle Ikakhulukazi esikhathini izimbali, lapho izimbali ezimhlophe noma kancane pink ziqoqwa e inflorescences corymbose, embozwe amagatsha isitshalo obukhulu ukuze ngabo ke akubonakali futhi ngokulambisa ngokulambisa amahlamvu maphuphu achanyuselwe. Ngokuvamile zezimbali kwenzeka ngaphambi kwamahlamvu umnyuziki ukuqhakaza ngasekupheleni April noma ekuqaleni kuka May. Flowers nge esibelethweni aphansi oluneziqhingi stamens eziningi.

Ihamba amagonandoda, round noma okusaqanda nge tip esicacile kanye onqenqemeni serrated - ecwebezelayo, aminyene futhi abushelelezi. Olufufusayo eshiya pubescent ezinabantu, ovuthiwe - nqunu, oluhlaza namanzi ngenhla nokukhanya ngezansi matte. amahlamvu ekwindla ka ipheya, ukuthola ophuzi ngombala, zokuhlobisa kakhulu futhi eside ngilale izingadi ukuhlobisa.

isithelo

Nqampuna ripens ngo-August no-September. Izithelo - achene ipheya emise zakudala, kobujamo obusaqanda noma round. I namanzi uginindela Stony ahlangane ukufakwa amagonandoda esingokwemvelo. Umbala we izithelo ahluka oluhlaza nophuzi othi pink-bomvu. Ukunambitheka is ezahlukene, avame yayiphawuleka ngokuthambekela astringency emakiwe. izithelo elimnandi kunawo unika balimi ophuzi ipheya - inombolo zheltoplodnyh izinhlobo. Etshalwayo ezingxenyeni ezahlukene izitshalo akhiqiza ezahlukene amakhemikhali ukwakheka kanye nokuvela izithelo, kodwa ziwusizo futhi ecebile kubalulekile trace izakhi, compounds ahlukahlukene okuyinto ukudala ukunambitheka eliyingqayizivele futhi awubufakazi, isici esithile.

Pyrus communis izithelo iqala kweminyaka eyi 5-8. Veza isihlahla ngasinye ifinyelela kg 30 500. Isivuno esiphezulu kwenzeka ngezikhathi eminyakeni 1-2.

ayelapha izithelo

Kuyinto enhle kakhulu umkhiqizo wezokudla, amagonandoda benezingane eziningi izimfanelo ezibalulekile kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa kwabo fresh alawule futhi kujwayeleke inqubo wokugaya ukudla, ipheya izinhlobo eziningi antifebrific, analgesic, isisu kanye nomphumela okubambelela. Lena isinqandakuvunda kakhulu ngokwemvelo. izithelo ezisanda kukhiwa, kanye kubhakwa, abelaphi bendabuko ukuncoma okudambisa izimpawu zezifo yamaphaphu - kusukela ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula kanye nenyumoniya ukuba nezimpawu zesifo sofuba. Futhi sebenzisa eluhlaza izithelo amagonandoda - impahla eyigugu kakhulu zokusetshenziswa for ukudla, amakha distillery umkhakha.

Ukutshala izitshalo: Ukukhetha indawo

Growing isiko emasimini, amahlathi lezihlahla izihlahla wodwa kanjani noma eziqhingini ezincane. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izitshalo abatshalwé ekhaya izingadi, e windbreaks, kanye nojantshi kanye nemigwaqo.

Abavamile, noma zasendle eliphakathi kwe - isihlahla photophilous. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi amduduza futhi ukuthuthukiswa esiphezulu fruiting ukukhetha indawo evulekile libalele nge ukukhanya-likhanyelwe nenhlabathi evundile. Ukuze izitshalo enhlabathini efanelekayo omnyama, ompunga ihlathi loam ezindaweni ngaphandle emi komhlaba. Esikhathini ipheya zasendle ngokuvamile luhlala emagqumeni noma emithambekeni emaweni, kuhluke amanzi okuhle.

ipheya Wild moistureloving, isomiso kanye frost nemithi, kodwa eshisa kakhulu futhi kungalimaza entwasahlobo yesithwathwa ingxenye flower efihlekile. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, nendawo yokutshala isihlahla kumele avikelwe emimoyeni enyakatho.

ukunakekelwa

Pear ezikhulayo isidingo ukunakekelwa evamile, okuzokwenza laba isisekelo segama ocwebezelayo ngokulinganisela ukwakha izihlahla, Ukukhipha futhi ziba ngcono inhlabathi ukukhanya zemithi, futhi ukuvundiswa ngesikhathi esifanele, inkanuko ukuthuthukiswa avumelanayo izihlahla zezithelo. Kudingeka futhi ukuvikelwa lezinhlupheko ahlukahlukene.

izinambuzane ipheya

Zingaki izihlahla zezithelo, ipheya ezihlukahlukene izinambuzane. Ngomnikelo omncane, apula nembali Weevil, leaf futhi izithelo esithwalwa, amabhu, sawflies, amagxolo mabhungane kanye aphid - lokhu kuyinto uhlu ongaphelele izinambuzane angenza buthaka kakhulu impilo esihlahleni. Pear izinambuzane, ezifana amacimbi, izimvemvane Aporia Crataegi, belibangise efihlekile, udle away amahlamvu azo nezimbali. Ngu izimvemvane maphakathi no-ehlobo amaqanda ezinhlangothini engenhla amaqabunga, amacimbi bayakwazi ukuba azibulale lalibukeka kubo, kusale kuphela ngemithambo. Ukuwa Aporia Crataegi wahlela ukuba ebusika, evala emaqabungeni.

Eziyingozi kanye butterfly-inundu. amacimbi yabo udle away uhamba amahlumela, okuyinto kamuva zome. Zidla on uginindela we izithelo. Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zezinambuzane ezincane ezingabonakali ayibonakali iso, kodwa akukho esingaphansi esiyingozi :. Pear umkhaza, olwenziwa gallic, njll Ukukwazi kwazo ukwanda, futhi ukungabi khona izinyathelo isivikelo ingawenza buthaka nezitshalo kakhulu ukunciphisa ezithela. Ngamanye amazwi, ukulwa nabo kumele kwenziwe njalo njengoba izinkuni olungavikelekile umane ayaphela.

Izigaba Pest Control

Indlela ephumelelayo ekulweni olubi qonda ukuthi nalolu ipheya entwasahlobo sishaye izihlahla zezithelo izixazululo zinambuzane. Okokuqala ukucutshungulwa "Oleokupritom" noma "Nitrafenom" Kwenziwa ngaphambi ihlumela break bese uqale Sap Ukuqedwa ekwakhiweni a lokuhlushwa Kunconywa ukuba isichasiselo.

Ngaphambi izimbali, ukucutshungulwa lezo zimali futhi ngokuthi "anti-", "Zolon", "Malathion", "Neksion" noma "metaphos".

Ehlobo, athutha ususe amahlamvu ezisontekile izinambuzane ebonakalayo njalo ukhula inhlabathi iziqu esihlahleni, ekuvimbeleni wapheka. Ngemva evuna amahlamvu Opal ahlanzekile, uma kunesidingo, ziphathwe isixazululo lomuthi yanoma yimuphi zinambuzane noma Bordeaux ingxube.

Lezi zinyathelo kuyosisiza ukuba sigweme ukusabalala nezilokazane isitshalo ukudala izimo ezikahle kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa.