Pipeline "Altai" e China: ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa

Iphayiphi igesi "Altai" iyona esivezwa igesi isiqu umugqa senzelwe ukuthekelisa Igesi yemvelo kusuka Western eSiberia China. Ingena yokusebenza insimu yamaShayina kulindeleke emngceleni Russian-Chinese phakathi Kazakhstan futhi Mongolia. Iphayiphi igesi "Altai", ogama uhlelo aboniswe ngezansi, siyodlula amasimu eziyisithupha Russian Federation.

iphrojekthi Ingemuva

Emuva ngo-2004 phakathi OAO "Gazprom" kanye nenkampani Chinese uwoyela isimo CNPC bafinyelela esivumelwaneni ekubambisaneni zamasu. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, amaShayina ucabanga izindlela Igesi yemvelo izimpahla emakethe Nakuba ichuma kakhulu. Empeleni, ukwanda gas ukusetshenziswa ezweni labo kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu xxi ikude ngaphambi ekukhuleni kwayo production ezifuywayo.

Izibalo zamuva zibonisa ukuthi ngowezi-2020, China Uzodla angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-300 cubic metres gas ^3, okuyinto ephakeme kathathu kwenani lamanje ukukhiqizwa yayo (cishe 100 yakuphika ^3).

izinyathelo kuqala

Ekuqhutshekiselweni yesivumelwano oshiwo ngenhla ngoMashi 2006 ngesikhathi kuhambele Russian uMengameli Vladimir Putin isayine isivumelwano ku Russian igesi izimpahla China. Kusayina ukubeka kuye Usihlalo Webhodi ka "Gazprom" Alexey Miller CNPC CEO Chen Geng. Isivumelwano echaziwe isikhathi igesi, ivolumu ukudiliva, futhi ezimbili imizila: iNtshonalanga eSiberia - a wegesi "Altai" Eastern eSiberia - iphayiphi "Amandla yeSiberia".

Ehlobo lika-2006 wazakhela iKomiti Coordination, umsebenzi ukuqaliswa project "Altai". Ekwindla ka "Gazprom" futhi Government of the Altai Republic, esemngceleni Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, yasayina isivumelwano ukubambisana, okuyinto zaveza ngokuningiliziwe, indlela yokwakha iphayiphi igesi ngokusebenzisa Altai.

ukugunyazwa Iminyaka futhi prikidok

Nokho, lo msebenzi wathutha kalula. Kwathatha iminyaka engu-eziningana izingxoxo nzima nabalingani Chinese ukuthuthukisa izinqubo izimali zawo futhi ukuzimisela ifomula intengo ye igesi Russian. Kuphela ehlobo lika-2009 phakathi Russia nase-China isayine isivumelwano eqinisekisa ukuzuzwa ukuqonda kwabo bobabili phakathi kwamaqembu, futhi ehlobo ngawo lowo nyaka phakathi "Gazprom" futhi CNPC yasayina isivumelwano uhlaka eliqukethe ifomula gas amanani kuboshelwe amanani kawoyela.

Esikhathini esilandelayo 2010 izinkampani efanayo ezimbili sisayinwe futhi landise timo letisisekelo supply of gas eRussia kuya China. Kulindeleke ukuthi inkontileka ukuthekelisa izonikwa ngo-2011, futhi ukudiliva uzoqala ngo ngasekupheleni 2015. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kwenzeke. abalingani Chinese unqume ukhawule supply of gas ngesikhathi umzila empumalanga - "Amandla yeSiberia" ngokungena ngemvume inkontilaka yonyaka 30 kuwufanele $ 400 billion ngonyaka Meyi 2014. Ngo-September 2014 ukwakhiwa iphayiphi igesi uqalise.

Yini iphayiphi "Altai"? 2014 baletha entsha ithemba imvuselelo yephrojekthi. Ngo-November, abaholi kwala mazwe womabili, Russia nase-China babambe izingxoxo njalo. Ngokusho kwabo Imiphumela sasayinwa omunye Lememorandamu okuyinto orekhodiwe amaqembu 'ngenhloso ukwanda ivolumu igesi izimpahla China kabili, i-main ithuluzi salokhu kwakumelwe wegesi "Altai". 2014 kanye 2015. Yenzeka ilindele izinguquko kubalulekile, kodwa uma nje kungukuthi kulandelwe.

Iphayiphi igesi "Altai": izindaba kwezinyanga lwakamuva

Ekuqaleni kuka-September 2015, u-Alexei Miller uthe ukuthi ulindele ukuba asayine isivumelwano ukuthekelisa igesi eChina nge umzila entshonalanga, okuyinto ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi "Amandla yeSiberia-2" entwasahlobo ka ngonyaka ozayo. Nokho, e-olufanayo njalo ngenyanga uSihlalo we ukuhlukanisa "Gazprom ukuthekelisa" E. Burmistrov wathi ukuthi izingxoxo ne-Chinese zinzima kakhulu. Futhi isivumelwano intengo, ikakhulu uma kucatshangelwa "izinguquko ezinkulu emakethe" engakaze izuzwe.

Khona-ke, intengo kawoyela kwaba amadola amahlanu emgqonyeni, manje - esingaphansi amathathu. Kusobala ukuthi ezimweni ezinjalo, ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni akunakwenzeka phambi entwasahlobo, uma intengo kawoyela uzoqhubeka ehla enyuka. Ngo-November 2015 inhloko ye-Ministry of Energy A.Novak wathi ukuthi Ukwehla e kwezinqumo mayelana umzila esentshonalanga igesi izimpahla ngenxa Ukwehla emnothweni Chinese. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuwele nakakhulu.

Esimeni semakhaya ngokuwa kwamanani kawoyela emhlabeni, "Gazprom" futhi CNPC kuyodingeka uthole imodeli entsha ngokubambisana. Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa iphayiphi igesi "Altai" uzobe kancane esehlehlisa emigomeni. Nokho, "uqede" ukuba wonk 'umsebenzi kuze kube manje akekho ohambayo.

Umzila igesi umugqa

Iphayiphi "Altai" 2800 amakhilomitha zisuka esiteshini compressor Purpeisky Urengoj ekhona iphayiphi - Surgut - Ufa. Kuyoba ukuthutha igesi kusukela Nadym futhi le Urengoy ensimini e Western eSiberia.

Ubude ingqikithi esigabeni isiRashiya 2666 km, kuhlanganise 205 km yonkana amazwe Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, 325 amakhilomitha ngokusebenzisa Insimu Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous avtonomnyy, 879 amakhilomitha ku saseTomsk esifundeni, 244 km ku Novosibirsk esifundeni, 422 km ku-Altai Territory futhi 591 km e-Republic of Altai.

iphuzu yayo yokugcina ensimini ka Russia kuyoba entabeni ukudlula Canas. Iningi iphayiphi igesi Kuzokwakhiwa njengengxenye ephasishi yomsebenzi amapayipi akhona, ezifana Urengoi-Surgut-Chelyabinsk, Northern Tyumen-Surgut-Omsk, Nizhnevartovsk negesi Processing Plant - Indawo Parabel - Kuzbass, Novosibirsk - Kuzbass, Novosibirsk - Barnaul futhi ekugcineni Barnaul - Biysk.

China wegesi "Altai" uzoya Xinjiang, lapho sizoxhunywa i iphayiphi yangaphakathi "East - West".

ishidi

Ububanzi we iphayiphi kuyinto 1420 mm. Umthamo design 30 cubic metres of igesi yemvelo ngonyaka, futhi izindleko Imininingwane lonke phrojekthi kulindeleke ukuba kufika ku- $ 14 bhiliyoni. Umugqa uzobe ahlome iziteshi compressor esimanjemanje kakhulu. Iphayiphi uzobe eziqhutshwa "Tomsktransgaz", inkampani ephethwe "Gazprom".

Abagxeki yephrojekthi

Ingabe Wonke umuntu e-Russia bathandile iphrojekthi "Altai"? Iphayiphi okungukuthi oluya run ngokusebenzisa Ukok Plateau komngcele China, Kosh-Agach isifunda Altai Republic, okuyinto okungukuthi emvelo Indawo eqhweni ingwe kanye nezinye ezingavamile isilwane izilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.

Namuhla ensimini ka the Ukok ithafa ukugijima isimo isikhungo "Nature Park - Zone Ukok epholile", wadala ngaphansi kokunakekela negunya weRiphabhulikhi Altai. Ukuphathwa Natural Park, waveza uvalo ayenalo lokuthi ukwakhiwa kwepayipi ngeke esilimaza emvelweni lokhu ekhoneni eziyingqayizivele nemvelo.

Sikhuluma ikakhulukazi mayelana destabilization zenhlabathi, okuyizinto Iqhwa, kanye destabilization izinqubo zokuzamazama komhlaba (ngenxa imishini) esifundeni 8-9 iphuzu seismicity.

Kukhona nokwesaba ukuthi self-ukuphulukiswa lilimele ngesikhathi kwakhiwa we zemvelo izakhiwo begazi ezindaweni nokhahlo Ukoka kungathatha amashumi eminyaka. Altai kwemvelo Ngakho phakamisa ukubamba ekoekspertizu zomphakathi design kanye lolu cwaningo lokungena emkhakheni endleleni ohlongozwayo, kamuva silondoloze okuqhubekayo kwemvelo zokuqapha ndawo.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba uthole emhlabeni Ukok Plateau?

kwavela Lo mbuzo ngo-2006 ku-esigabeni sokuqala nentuthuko project. Iqiniso lokuthi kukhethwa umzila okungukuthi okunomkhawulo kakhulu encane ingxenye ubude Russian-Chinese umngcele okungukuthi 54 km, okuyinto ugijimela eduze entabeni pass Canas, eseduze Ukok Plateau.

Thina kwemvelo ngokushesha noma iziphi iziphakamiso ukuhambahamba ithafa ku amasimu emazweni angomakhelwane - Kazakhstan futhi Mongolia. Nokho, lezi ziphakamiso Abekho ukusekelwa "Gazprom", okuyinto ayisho ukuthi le nguqulo umzila intando izindleko kakhulu ngaphezulu kuyabiza, futhi Russian iziphathimandla, isikhulumi ubani ngo-2007 wenza ke ikhanda we-Altai Republic Alexander Berdnikov.

Yena lolubekwe ukuthi umzila ekhethiwe ishukunyiswa yizizathu zezombangazwe ubuholi wezwe, kanye noma "Kazakh" izinguqulo "-Mongolian" zamathrekhi eqolo izingozi zezombusazwe.

Uma sicabanga nengwadla phakathi kwawo Russia nase-Ukraine okwaphoqa ekuphathweni "Gazprom 'simemezela inhloso ukuba sime ngemva 2019 elisendleleni igesi Russian ngokusebenzisa Ukrainian igesi sezokuthutha esiyinkimbinkimbi, isinqumo kubaholi Russian ukubeka iphayiphi igesi" Altai "kuphela endaweni yayo kubonakala ngendlela ebonisa ukuhlakanipha.