Pavlovsk Museum-Reserve: izikhangibavakashi, izithombe

Lona omunye edume kakhulu esigodlweni nedlelo capital yethu enyakatho. Minyaka yonke izinkulungwane zezihambeli ziyafika ukuze Pavlovsk. Imyuziyemu-Reserve emzini Pavlovsk edonsela bakithi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izivakashi ezazivela ngaphandle. Futhi hhayi ngaphandle isizathu: kukhona into ukubona.

I State Museum-Reserve Pavlovsk (Russia): Umlando

Lesi sivumelwano sokuqala ngqa ku kula mazwe uvele ngaphambi maphakathi nekhulu XIII. Kwakuyisikhathi inqaba "Idolobha ku Slavyanka". Ekhulwini XVIII kwakukhona emzaneni Finnish Seppel futhi Lynn. Empress uCatherine Omkhulu, ngokuvakashela eseduze Tsarskoye Selo, weza yokuzingela lapha. Amakota wakhe izindlu ezimbili lokhuni olwaluvame eyakhelwe anamagama ongaziwa - Krak futhi Crick. Eyokuqala lashisa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, lapho lo muzi ilawulwa amaJalimane, kanti eyesibili ngenxa dilapidation ukuthi adiliza ngo-1929.

Ngo-December 1777, uCatherine II waletha umhlaba (362 esingamahektare) nge wonke amadolobhana futhi abantu wendodana - Pavel Petrovich nomkakhe uMaria Feodorovna ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane yabo yokuqala - Ngokuzayo Russian uMbusi u-Alexander I.

Ngemva konyaka (e 1778) ezakhiwa lapho ezimbili ubukhulu kunalokho nesizotha lwesigodlo - Paullust futhi Mariental. Ngemva kwesikhathi eside kusayithi yayakhiwe Paullust Pavlovsk Palace, endaweni Mariental wathatha Bip Fortress.

Paul ngo-1786 waqala ukwakha Pavlovsk Palace. Umbhali Project kwaba Charles Cameron. Ekwindla ka-1796, uPawulu mina enikezwe isimo Lidolobha Muti. Ngo-1788, uMbusi, abase ngokuvamile ngaphambilini Gatchina, wanika ifa Maria Feodorovna - umkakhe.

Ngo 1801, ngemva kokufa zombusi, Maria Feodorovna wahlala esimeni isigodlo isizini efudumele. Bobabili futhi esigodlweni, epaki igcina emakhoneni eziningi ezihlobene negama lakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, ingadi noma ezisondelene oncomekayo inkundla pink. Ngaphambi kwempi ka 1812 wamasosha we- edolobheni isibe edume Petr Ivanovich Bagration.

Ngemva kokufa Maria Feodorovna (1828) Pavlovsk laba impahla yabantwana Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, umfowabo Nicholas I. Ngalesi sikhathi, Pavlovsk ngenkuthalo eyakhelwe futhi ifakwe izinto zesimanje: Eleninskaya ikota Yakhiwa, eyayihlelwe Alexander esikoleni lapho izingane zifunde futhi isigaba phakathi abathengisi, futhi lezintandane.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, emzini Pavlovsk waba isikhungo samasiko zomculo: kwakukhona umculo esiteshini abadumile. Ngaleyo minyaka kwakuvame eziningi abaqambi ezidumile abaculi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Pavlovsk wakhethwa balimi.

Ngemva 1917 , lo muzi waphinde kabusha Slutsk. Ngakho lalibizwa kuze 1944. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II Pavlovsk kwakuhlezi amasosha amaNazi. Dvorets pavla ngesikhathi ukubaleka yama-Jalimane lashisa, futhi kuleli paki ngesikhathi bevinjezelwe lwanqunywa ezingaphezu kuka 60,000 izihlahla. ezikhumbuzo emlandweni futhi yokwakha eyigugu kwabhujiswa.

Igama zomlando zomuzi eyabuyiswa 1944. Ngemva kwempi kwanqunywa ukusetha sokubuyiselwa. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa kuze 1973.

Ngo-1989 Pavlovsk kwahlanganiswa UNESCO Heritage List. Namuhla, angu-42 esiqiwini into ivikelwe isimo futhi amasiko futhi izikhumbuzo zomlando. Pavlovsk - isikhungo izivakashi, okuyinto wavakashela ngonyaka ngesibalo esingaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi abantu.

Pavlovsk Palace

Imyuziyemu-Reserve Pavlovsk (Russia), izivakashi sebeqala ukufunda kulo ngombala segolide esigodlweni emhlophe. It is eyakhelwe lomfula Slavyanka umakhi abadumile Charles Cameron ekhulwini XVIII. Pavlovsk Palace iyabonakala kusukela kuphi emzini futhi epaki. Storey ebusayo eyinhloko isipikili ngumuntu Dome flat 64 efakwe amakholomu. zemibukiso emphemeni exhunywe isakhiwo emaphakathi ne isakhiwo nokuphatha. Lezi yakha egcekeni kokuba simise ukhamba.

Lapho ethathe ubukhosi, uPawulu mina, Pavlovsk ukuthi uzwakalise ezweni ohlala kulo yasebukhosini. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII ngu umakhi V Brenna kwenziwa ukuze sandise esigodlweni.

Ngenhla nemizimba ezisemthethweni babe izibuya yesibili zakhiwa. Bazakhela amaphiko amabili ongaphambili omise, okuyinto cishe ivaliwe egcekeni elingaphambili. Okuningi ku esitezi igalari rose emphemeni. Naphezu kwalezi zimo ezinhle izinguquko, isakhiwo emaphakathi lwesigodlo kwakuyinto esemqoka ekwakhiweni. Yena wayevelele umusa kanye nosayizi.

Izici izakhiwo

C. Cameron akhethiwe main isici Decor amakholomu emhlophe. Bona ehlotshisiwe le odongeni lwendlu olungaphambili isakhiwo main, zakha igalari umbukwane ongaphandle, ngokuphepha ukusekela Dome. Ukuze anezele esiyinhloko ilungu olubunjiwe akhethiwe amahlamvu mncane acanthus frieze, okuyinto livimbezele, sonke isakhiwo, kanye ezintathu we medallion nge esiqoshiwe sase-ebaziwe engokomfanekiso isithombe, izakhiwo kanye Umdwebo olungaphambili lwesonto main.

Elalisanda kwakhiwa izindlu Brenna ehlotshiswe stucco emaceleni - imiqhele nabanikazi Monograms esigodlweni. Kuphela enisemikhawulweni amaphiko awagcina emile inthanethi ehlanganisa yensimbi amakholomu. Babonakala ukuvula emnyango ekundleni. Le isixazululo compositional bavunyelwe ukuxhumanisa izakhiwo ezintsha nezindala endaweni Ensemble olulodwa.

Lesi sigodlo ekhulwini XIX

Architects John. Quarenghi futhi Voronihin ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX igcwaliswe umklamo olungaphambili lwesonto esigodlweni. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwakukhona umpheme zemabula nge balustrades kuvulandi. Ngo 1807, P. Gonzaga embozwe eyodwa udonga igalari nge nemidwebo. Ibonisa izindawo zokudlala nezakhiwo izitebhisi omkhulukazi. Lokhu igalari ongene umlando izakhiwo Russian ngokuthi igalari Gonzaga. Adume Carlo Rossi e 1822 ezithunyelwe umtapo wakhe nge yokuqala amafasitela arched. busts zefilosofi Kwamiswa therebetween.

epaki Pridvortsovy

Ukudalwa kuleli paki esiyingqayizivele kwaqala ngo 1780 edolobheni okuthiwa Pavlovsk. Imyuziyemu-Reserve namuhla isibonelo omangalisayo landscape art. Indima olukhulu ukwakheka Pavlovsk Ensemble kudlalwa wezakhiwo Charles Cameron. He qamba esikhathini kusukela kumaphrojekthi 1782 kuya 1807 ukuthi kwakhiwa emadokodweni futhi emphemeni Apollo, Grand Cascade, ikholomu "Ukuphela Kwezwe." Ngo imidwebo yakhe gqizisa kwepaki Kentavrovym, umkhomo kanye Black Bridge.

Kakhulu ahlukahlukene amadivayisi epaki yokuvuma edolobheni efana Pavlovsk. Imyuziyemu-Reserve (noma kunalokho, ingxenye epaki) is esiyi-isakhiwo saleli dolobha, waze e sifinyelela engenhla Slavyanka cishe ixhuma edolobheni. ingxenye yayo okuphambene kudlulela ehlathini ezungeze.

Imithi etshalwe kuleli paki, ukuze Private Garden namaphiko lwesigodlo cishe ezingabonakali. umbono omuhle kakhulu kusukela emphemeni ku esigodlweni ezungezwe amaqembu izihlahla.

engadini Private

Kuzo zonke izivakashi ngokuvakashela Pavlovsk Museum-Reserve kwenza okuvelayo. Omunye ngengxenye enhle kakhulu Pavlovsk Ipaki kabanzi uthathwa njengoba Private Garden. Itholakala e-Pavlovsk Palace, eduze emakamelweni iNdlovukazi Maria Feodorovna. Mangisho ukuthi kahle ababeyizazi izimbali, futhi wakwazi ukuqoqa iqoqo elikhulu kakhulu kubo.

engadini Kuyimfihlo ku isitayela izingadi ezincane Dutch kanye French kanye nensimu kuleli paki. Abantu bangaphandle ukuba insimu ayivunyelwe, engadini kwaba yindawo yokuphumula zezimpi esigodlweni. Ngo ngaseningizimu yalesi engadini, ku ithala okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngangithanda ukusebenza uPawulu I.

izitshalo eziningi ezingavamile yatshalwa engadini. Bona eziqhakaza ngokuqhubekayo, omunye ngemva komunye. Ingadi unegama yesibili - "ethempelini Flora".

Mausoleum Paul mina

Enye ukuthatheka, okuyinto uqhosha Pavlovsk. Imyuziyemu-Reserve the park iyi lesikhumbuzo emangalisayo - the Mausoleum Paul I. Akukhona ethuneni imithetho yombusi. Paul mina, wembelwa Petersburg ku uPetru noPawulu Cathedral.

Encwadini ayibhalela i-Dowager Empress ubiza ke "isikhumbuzo" futhi inkontileka ne umakhi Carlo Visconti, yena waba ohlwini lwezinhlaka ngokuthi "ithempeli". ngegama lalo lamanje - the Mausoleum Paul mina, noma wezindawo zezidumbu womshado-izuzisa. Lesi sakhiwo - intela umbusi kanye nomkakhe.

Okuvelayo Museum ezivulekile

Izibuyekezo Museum-Reserve "Pavlovsk" (Russia) kungenziwa bachazwa futhi ngalendlela: bonke ukuvakashela kule ndawo emangalisayo ukhuluma ngani okuvelayo okukhulu okuvela uhambo. Izivakashi uqaphele ukuthi, naphezu esincane esigodlweni, it is abatelekile ubuhle bayo futhi ukujula umhlobiso. Kepha epaki, iqukethe zonke izivakashi zizizwe zikhululekile kakhulu: uhlobo omangalisayo, iindawo ezimazombe uzilungise, langa izimbali engadini ezingaphathelene nomsebenzi ekusiza.