NJENGOBA Pushkin sika "Mozart kanye Salieri": uhlobo, isifinyezo

Umkhiqizo "Mozart kanye Salieri", uhlobo zazo - inhlekelele ethile encane, eyabhalwa abadumile imbongi Russian, umbhali wemidlalo A. S. Pushkina. Umbhali wakhulelwa nokuloba umdlalo omusha e 1826, kodwa wakwenza esikhathini ukuyedlula yonke yokuphila kwakhe - ngesikhathi boldins okuthiwa. Umdlalo yanyatheliswa ngo-1831, ngokushesha futhi isishiya omunye izinganekwane kakhulu sima siqine mayelana umqambi Salieri wabulala umngani wakhe Mozart. Drama umbhalo kwaba isisekelo sokuthethelelwa Libretto of the opera ngu Rimsky-Korsakov, kanye ifilimu zokubhala.

umqondo

Umdlalo "Mozart kanye Salieri", uhlobo esibonakala abanye ngokucacile iqhathaniswa nezinye imisebenzi umbhali, wayekulungele eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambi yanyatheliswa, nakulokhu okulotshiwe ubufakazi kwabangane bakhe futhi abanye babantu besikhathi sakhe. Kodwa imbongi wamesaba ukugxekwa olusemthethweni, ngakho musa ugijimele nge yanyatheliswa. Waze wazama ukushicilela imisebenzi yakhe entsha ngokungaziwa noma ukufihla ubuqambi zabo, eveza ukuthi imisebenzi yangaphandle uye elihunyushwe. Ucezu kulotshiwe ngaphansi kwethonya elinamandla odlule ezinkulu idrama yakhe zomlando "Boris Godunov".

Nakuba abasebenza Pushkin yakhe ngifuna ukubhala uchungechunge kudlala mayelana neziqephu zomlando kwamanye amazwe. Futhi uma esimweni sokuqala, waphefumulelwa ngemisebenzi, uWilliam Shakespeare, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi wathatha isampula drama umlobi French Jean Racine, ababethanda ngokuya nokuvumelana ngesakhiwo nesitayela.

yesehlakalo Izici

Omunye imisebenzi edume kunazo Pushkin kwaba play "Mozart kanye Salieri". Uhlobo ngalesi senzakalo sicaciselwe kakhulu, njengoba kuyingxenye umjikelezo okuthiwa izigemegeme ezenzeka ezincane, okuyinto njengoba enjalo alikho izincwadi, kodwa aye akhiwa umbhali kuphela imisebenzi emisha, zazo kwakunamabandla amane kuphela endaweni. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko oluhlukanisa umsebenzi ukuhluza - a yokuncishiswa ngamabomu ngesakhiwo. Kulesi play - izinhlamvu ezimbili kuphela (singabali lo violin esiyimpumputhe livela Kwesinye isiqephu).

Lonke yokwakheka play - kungcono monologues netinkhulumiswano lapho nokho zembula ngokugcwele izinhlamvu zabo. Psychology ebekiwe ngokucophelela abalingiswa ihlukile Ukwakheka "Mozart kanye Salieri". ukudlala uhlobo kuchazwe kude yayo: isenzo senzeka khona i isikhala ebiyelwe, okubonakala Brighter shades, futhi ugcizelela idrama yomlando. Finale usebenza ngempela nkomoni: the usongo ngokuya ngesakhiwo nhlobo. The main inkinga - ukubonakaliswa emhlabeni engaphakathi namaqhawe, bezama ukuchaza ukuziphatha kwabo kanye nezisusa.

ulimi

elula kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo silulumagama ocebile kuyahluka idrama "Mozart kanye Salieri". Pushkin wenqaba linemibhikisho eziyinkimbinkimbi etemibhalo yakhetha lapho ebhalela nhlekelele yakhe ngaphambili lapho walingisa Shakespeare. Manje yena waba nesithakazelo, ulimi lula ngomusa ka Racine. Wafuna ukuba umfundi (noma obuka esiteji) akazange athikanyezwe kusukela okushiwo ingxabano futhi baya izinhlamvu.

Ngakho ayisesemikhulu ngamabomu kwenkululeko indaba futhi wafuna ngobufushane esiphezulu kule inkhulumomphendvulwano kanye monologues. Ngempela, namaqhawe amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa ziyacaca kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni yendlela ebukeka ngayo ngokucacile, ngokuqondile nangokunembile sibeke izisusa injongo yokuphila kwabo. Mhlawumbe kungenxa e izigemegeme ezenzeka encane ikakhulukazi amathalenta eliqhakazile umbhali malula kubande kwamancane kule isichazamazwi. Lokhu edonsela idrama yomfundi "Mozart kanye Salieri". Pushkin wayefuna ukwenza umqondo ukungqubuzana njengoba kufinyeleleke ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho ukugwema noma yini engase ukuphazamisa umfundi. Nokho, akulona uthando olungenayo ezinye izinhlamvu obugagu: eseduze kuya olukhulunywa, ke umsindo nokho izingoma futhi ehleleke kakhulu. Ngo umsebenzi samanje lesi Singularity kubonakala ikakhulukazi kahle ngoba ezimbili protagonist yayo - umqambi, abantu zomsebenzi bokusungula, ngubani usihlolile ukunambitheka.

ukungena

Omunye wabalobi edume kakhulu futhi izimbongi kuyinto Pushkin. "Mozart kanye Salieri" (inkhulumiswano lencane okuqukethwe iyahlukahluka inkimbinkimbi sobala futhi kulula ukuyiqonda) - kungcono idrama, okuyinto ezithakazelisayo ngendaba yalo amadlingozi futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengqondo. Qala kuvula Monologue Salieri, okhuluma wokuzinikela nothando lwakhe umculo, futhi ukhumbula imizamo azenzile lapho sizofunda naye simthola.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo azwakalisa umona wakhe (endleleni, yilokho lokhu kwaba omunye okusalungiswa amagama play) ukuze Mozart, ubani kalula futhi virtuosity uqamba imisebenzi of genius. Ingxenye yesibili ye-Monologue elalinikezelwe ukudalulwa icebo lakhe: umqambi wanquma ubuthi umngane wakhe, eqondiswa yokuthi basebenzele ize kokusaphaza ithalente yabo futhi awukwazi ukuthola lokuyisebenzisa kahle.

Inkulumo yokuqala namaqhawe

Ngokungafani nezinye emsebenzini iDemo wayengathi ukuveza nakho ngokwengqondo Pushkin ukujula. "Mozart kanye Salieri" (okuqukethwe esifushane play uwubufakazi engcono kwalowo) - kuba Duel ngamazwi phakathi izinhlamvu ezimbili, okuyinto babhekene izithakazelo zabo futhi imigomo ekuphileni. Nokho, kusobala ukuthi ukuxhumana enobungane kakhulu, kodwa umbhali uye wakha inkulumo yabo ukuze wonke umusho kufakazela ukuthi banjani abantu abahlukahlukene, futhi ukungqubuzana kanjani ezingahlangani phakathi kwalezi ezimbili. Litholakala kakade ingxoxo yabo yokuqala.

Isihloko "Mozart kanye Salieri" mhlawumbe engcono kwembulwe ukuvela ngowokuqala enkundleni ukuthi ngokushesha ubonisa intukuthelo yakhe kalula futhi ngokwemvelo. It kuholela violin izimpumputhe odlala kubi ngezithako zawo futhi iphutha umculi yayo bayabukana sengathi bafuna ukuhleka abampofu. Salieri kuyinto thukuthele ngenxa yokuthi umngane wakhe bahlekisa ubuhlakani bakhe umculo siqu.

Eyesibili umhlangano abalingiswa

Le ngxoxo eqina isixazululo umqambi anobuthi umngane wakhe ngokuphelele. Uthatha ushevu futhi iya yokudlela base lapho bavumelana ukuba adle ndawonye. Phakathi kwalezi zinto zombili kukhona waphinda inkhulumomphendvulwano ukuthi ekugcineni ubeka irekhodi ngqo i. Ngakho isinyathelo laconic zonke kuhluke inhlekelele kancane Pushkin sika. "Mozart kanye Salieri" - idrama ukuthi kwaba okufanayo. Lokhu bomculo ingxoxo yesibili unendima eyinhloko indaba. Ngalesi kusihlwa ebhekene ngqo izithakazelo zabo ezibalulekile nezisusa.

Mozart wathi wayeyisazi kweqiniso Awukwazi ukwenza okubi, futhi umngane wakhe, nakuba wamshaya yilo mcabango namanje uletha umqondo wakhe kuze kube sekupheleni. Kulokhu, umfundi ubona ukuthi Mozart sibheke. Pushkin ngakho yakha umsebenzi wakhe, ukuthi lokhu akabashiyi kokungabaza. Unendaba kwasekuqaleni ezaholela kule drama.

Isithombe umlingiswa oyinhloko

Usizi "Mozart kanye Salieri" Kuyathakazelisa ngokuya ngxabano ngokwengqondo laba bantu. Uhlamvu lokuqala kuyinto elula kakhulu neshaya emhloleni. Alibange umbono ukuthi umngane wakhe nomona ngaye. Kodwa sengathi genius yobuciko kweqiniso, anakho onekhono elingavamile kuphakamisa kuzophela maduzane, ukuthi kuyini nokuthi ekutshela. Mozart ekutshela Salieri indaba mayelana ikhasimende ongaziwa, wayala Requiem wakhe, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isavela.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umqambi wacabanga ukuthi Waloba requiem IMisa uqobo. Kulendaba mincanyana wazizwa umbono ekupheleni kwabo okusondelayo, nakuba yena akusho bona ncamashi kwenzeka kanjani.

Ukubona Salieri

Lokhu umqambi, kunalokho, ngazimisela nakakhulu ukuqhubeka nezinhlelo zakhe ezimbi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi endaweni yesehlakalo lapho wadlala Mozart izingxenyana ezicashunwe Requiem. Kuyinto okwamanje kwezinkulumo ezinamandla kakhulu emdlalweni. Kule siqephu, Mozart futhi libonakala umfundi njengoba genius umculo Salieri - njengoba samuntu kobubi. Ngakho, umlobi wabonisa umbono wakhe ukuthi le miqondo emibili azihambelani nomunye.

umqondo

Umkhiqizo "Mozart kanye Salieri" - lena umsebenzi zefilosofi kakhulu emjikelezweni izigemegeme encane, ngoba ngokugcwele kakhulu waveza le nkinga sokuba itholane phezulu phakathi kokuhle nokubi, owawusekelwe umqambi omkhulu futhi nomona yakhe. Pushkin ifaniswe kahle izinhlamvu Ihlanganisa imibono yakhe: yiso manje, lokusungula seqiniso siba yizinto enkundleni emzabalazweni phakathi kwalezi amathonya amabili aphikisanayo. Ngakho-ke, le drama zisho ekuphileni. Futhi uma eminye imisebenzi umjikelezo olucutshungulwayo babe ngesakhiwo ngokwanele ashukumisayo, esishukumisela umcondvo lobalulekile kule play kuphambene: kuqhame umlobi ukubeka phambili umqondo yefilosofi ukuthi umsebenzi samanje injongo yokuphila, futhi ngesakhiwo kudlala indima ekusekeleni, ukubeka umqondo wokuba umbhali.