Ngokuvamile ikhanda: izimbangela, ubunjalo ubuhlungu, nalokho udokotela ukubhekana

Ikhanda elibuhlungu - ingenye izikhalazo ezivamile zabantu abafuna usizo. Kubonisa ukuthi ezinye izinqubo emzimbeni i-. Ikhanda elibuhlungu kungahle kubangelwe ukukhathala, imithi, ukuhlukumezeka, izifo ezinzima. Uma lokhu uphawu ngokuvamile libuhlungu, akufanele uyizibe. Isikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona onguchwepheshe futhi ufunde kulokho ikhanda nsuku zonke.

unomfutho wegazi ophakeme

Ikhanda elibuhlungu lingaphathelaniswa ne nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Kuyinto isimo njalo esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, isifo libhekene eziphikelelayo ukunyuka komfutho wegazi (isifinyezo - BP) ka 140/90 mm HG. Art. nangaphezulu. Kwegazi kuthinta cishe 20-30% wabantu abadala. Njengoba bekhula, izinga ukwanda. Somewhere 50% walabo engaphezu kuka-60 ubudala abizwa ngokuthi isifo esingelapheki.

Abantu abanomfutho wegazi vele ophakeme, ingcindezi ephakeme, ikhanda ekuseni. Indawo ubuhlungu kwasendaweni - esifundeni occipital. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubuhlungu akakwazi zenzeka endaweni okuncane noma okusesilinganisweni ingcindezi ukwanda. Babehlale waphawula kuphela uma kuyanda okusheshayo wegazi ezingaphezu kuka 200/120 mm HG. Art.

hypotension

Uma ngokuvamile ngiphethwe yikhanda, izizathu zalokho angase alale? Omunye impendulo yalo mbuzo - i hypotension ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni. Lena isimo lapho wegazi 90/60 mm HG. Art. futhi kancane. It libhekene ikhanda. Kungaba zomile, kokuqina, okuncane noma onesigqi. Indawo kwasendaweni yayo - Fronto-parietal noma isifunda Fronto-yesikhashana. Uma hypotension aqothuke zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ngenxa yobuthakathaka;
• Ukungabi namandla ekuseni, ukozela;
• isiyezi;
• Ukungazinzi ngokomzwelo;
• luvelo izimo zezulu;
• pallor;
• palpitations kanye iphika ku ukuzikhandla.

Izazi ziye wadala Ukwahlukaniswa lwemithambo hypotension. Hlukanisa ezihlukahlukene oyingozi futhi ezingalapheki. Lesi sakamuva, ahlukane, yena, ku bokuphila, zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. hypotension olunamandla - ukwehla elibukhali blood pressure. isimo esinjalo kwenzeka uma igazi ukulahleka, acute isilethikusebenza.

ingcindezi okuphansi, ikhanda ... Lezi zimpawu waphawula ngezinye izikhathi nabantu ngokuphelele enempilo. Isibonelo uyokhonza abasubathi. Sinenkosi umfutho ophansi wegazi yabonakala umsebenzi njalo. Lesi sici yimpendulo oluhambelana yomzimba, isilinganiso ukuphepha. Lolu hlobo hypotension libizwa bokuphila.

Lezi zilwane eyinhloko kuyinto isifo ezimele. Akukhona phetho iyiphi kwezinso azisenzeki ngokumelene isizinda izifo ekhona. Odokotela bheka eyinhloko hypotension uhlobo oluthile isifo neurosis vasomotor izikhungo zobuchopho. Kodwa lezi zinhlobo lesibili ebonwe izifo ezihlukahlukene (isib, esingamahlalakhona senhliziyo ebuthaka, ukulimala ebuchosheni, arrhythmias).

ukopha subarachnoid

I ehlasela umzimba okungazelelwe noma ubuhlungu occipital kungenzeka libhekene nenkinga yokopha subarachnoid. Leli gama (isifinyezo - sah) Ochwepheshe ukumela ekuqongeleleni igazi umgodi phakathi Mater esithambile futhi arachnoid. Ukopha kwenzeka ngokuzumayo ngenxa lwemithambo ukudabuka noma useshonile ethola kuhlasimulise okulimala ebuchosheni.

Abantu abaye babhekana nenkinga yokopha subarachnoid, waphawula ukuthi sasiba buhlungu abanolwazi babe onamandla kunayo labo zihlangabezane ezimpilweni zabo. Ezinye izimpawu ka sah ibandakanya ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi. Ukopha abantu ngesidingo esiphuthumayo yezokwelapha. Lesi isimo esiyingozi kakhulu ukuthi kungaholela ekufeni noma ukukhubazeka ezinzima.

ukopha intracerebral

Ngokukhukhumala kwentamo noma wendawo sebuhlungwini obunzima kungaba uphawu ukopha palsy. Lokhu kuyigazi angangeni izidakamizwa ingqondo. Ukopha kwenzeka ngesikhathi sekhefu izindonga Ushintshe yegazi cerebral noma diapedesis (okukhipha tincenye imithambo yegazi ayephuli permeability yabo futhi tonus).

Ubani ongafaka ukubhekana nalesi simo esiyingozi? Ngokuvamile, ukopha kwenzeka abantu yobudala emaphakathi futhi ubudala ngenxa isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi cerebral, umfutho ophakeme wegazi. Ingabe ingasaphathwa engabangela zegazi ezibangelwa, izinguquko ukuvuvukala izitsha ingqondo. ngezinye izikhathi ubuchopho ukopha kwenzeka kubantu abasebasha. Imbangela ezivame kakhulu - ukusetshenziswa nezidakamizwa.

Brain Ezemfundo

Uma uvame ngiphethwe yikhanda, iziphi izizathu? uphawu ezibuhlungu kungase ezihlukahlukene zokwakheka ubuchopho (izibazi, izimila, abscesses). Ubuhlungu buba bukhulu avame ehlasela umzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka endaweni lapho zendawo ivolumu kumiswa. Esikhathini kusaqalwa isifo kwenza ngokwayo wazizwa ekuseni ibuthakathaka. Njengoba isifo siqhubeka ubunjalo ubuhlungu kuyahlukahluka. Kuba njalo futhi uqina. Ezinye izimpawu ezibonisa khona izilonda mass, zihlanganisa:

• ukuhlanza, okwenzeka ngaphandle isicanucanu;
• ukubukeka oculomotor iziyaluyalu;
• inkumbulo ukungakhuli;
• ukuguqulwa ukuziphatha kanye nezinye.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubuhlungu ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka uma ungatshekisa ikhanda lakho, ukukhwehlela, ukunwebeka kwemisipha, amandla omzimba. Lokhu uphawu kungenzeka isici izimila posterior fossa. Ubuhlungu okwenzeka kulezi zimo, futhi buhlala, singenzeka ngaphandle zokugula intracranial.

Ukuvuvukala sinuses paranasal

Uma uvame ngiphethwe yikhanda ebunzini, umuzwa wokuthanda ukusinda emhlabeni ekhaleni, kuba sinusitis. Le nkulumo ibhekisela ukuvuvukala ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ezazigudla sinuses eyodwa noma ngaphezulu paranasal. Sinusitis kwenzeka njengoba kwetintfo umkhuhlane, imikhuhlane, izifo ezithathelwanayo. Avuse ukuvuvukala lamagciwane.

Ubuhlungu nobukhali sinusitis akuzona izimpawu nje kuphela. Ngamanye izimpawu zezifo:

• ukuminyana acinene;
• umkhuhlane;
• ubovu osenyameni acinene;
• ubuhlungu ngesikhathi endaweni prostukivanii abathintekayo itheku.

I-acute engela-Ukuvalwa glaucoma

Igama elithi "i-glaucoma" libhekisela isifo samehlo, okuyinto umuntu azalwa nalo lokuhlaziya inkomba ezifana ukhulisa ingcindezi intraocular. Kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zalesi sifo. Omunye wabo okuthiwa engela-Ukuvalwa glaucoma. Kwenzeka ngenxa ukuxhumana phakathi inethiwekhi trabecular kanye iris. Lapho ukugula iba outflow nzima uketshezi intraocular kusukela iso, ukusebenza meshwork trabecular siphukile. Ngenxa yalokho, ingcindezi intraocular liphuma khona.

Acute engela-Ukuvalwa glaucoma - lena yinto kuyiphi ikhanda nsuku zonke ngoba abanye abantu. Kulesi isifo abantu bakhononda ubuhlungu esweni, umbono imibuthano okukhulu nxazonke ukukhanya, angaboni kahle. ingcindezi Intraocular kukalwa ukuqinisekisa noma umthetho-Ukuvalwa glaucoma.

Obungapheli okulimala ebuchosheni (TBI)

Lapho njalo ikhanda izimbangela ingatholakala ku eside TBI. Ubuhlungu kungase ukuhlupha isikhathi eside. uhlamvu Ezazimzungezile - zomile, ehlasela umzimba kanye ezikhula ukuzikhandla. Ngokuvamile, lokhu uphawu kuhambisana Ukuwohloka inkumbulo, ukwehla ukunakwa, ubuthongo ompofu, isiyezi, ukukhathala, neziyaluyalu psycho-ngokomzwelo.

Kwezinye izimo, zikhona izimpawu osolisayo, njengoba ukwanda bekhanda, ukozela, ukudideka, izinguquko usayizi umfundi, le asymmetry of ingqondo. Kungenzeka imiphumela kuhlasimulise okulimala ebuchosheni nezimpawu ezingamahlalakhona hematoma subdural.

Amaphaphu-hlobo ikhanda

Amaphaphu ikhanda, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa isifo - udaba nezokusigcoba kakhulu namuhla. Asho umqondo ngokuthi? Lolu hlobo ezivamile bekhanda eyinhloko. Ngaleso sikhathi samanje ibizwa ngokuthi ehlukile. Ochwepheshe zisebenzisa entsha elithi - ukungezwani ikhanda.

Lokhu uphawu zingaphinde zivele noma ubudala. Useqala avele kaningi ngemva kweminyaka engu-25. voltage Ubuhlungu libhekene umfutho ngokulinganisela. Cishe kuzo zonke izimo, kuba zamazwe amabili, kodwa esikhundleni kwasendaweni balo bengabadlali yesikhashana, engaphelele kanye esifundeni occipital. Ukuze ubuhlungu libhekene ukugxisha umphumela. Uthatha ngokuvamile kusukela imizuzu eminingana kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ukuhlanza is hhayi waphawula. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona isicanucanu, photophobia futhi umsindo.

Amaphaphu ikhanda, izimpawu kanye imithi lapho ukwazi 20% izakhamuzi iplanethi yethu, has a omsakazo ezahlukene. Izimbangela zobuhlungu zihlukile:

• hit ezimweni ezicindezelayo;
• ukuphazamiseka ezindleleni zokulala;
• ukudla okungajwayelekile;
• ezingeni lokushisa elifanele kakhulu eliphezulu kakhulu noma eliphansi kakhulu;
• iziyaluyalu hormone;
• i umthwalo ngokweqile ku iso nabanye.

Ubuhlungu lapho ukuthatha imithi

Uma uvame ngiphethwe yikhanda, izizathu kungaba imithi kuthathwe. Imbangela uphawu okubuhlungu izidakamizwa ezilandelayo:

• vasodilators (calcium abamelene, nitrate, Curantylum);
• anticonvulsants;
• corticosteroids;
• nonsteroidal eqeda ukuvuvukala;
• lipid-ukwehlisa;
• antihistamine;
• estrogens;
• elwa namagciwane.

Vakashela kuchwepheshe

Uma ubuhlungu bekhanda bahlukunyezwa njalo, khona-ke kumelwe zifune usizo. Behind le uphawu ungafihla isifo, okuyisimo esisongela ukuphila. Uma uvame ngiphethwe yikhanda, udokotela kungasiza? Okokuqala udinga ukwenza aphoyintimenti owelapha umtshele ngenkinga. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukudlulisela zonke ezibalulekile Imininingwane onguchwepheshe, ngobe kusebenta kahle le ndlela yokwelapha kuncike.

Ngakho, edilini lomshado kufanele amtshele:

• lapho ikhanda itholakala ubuhlungu;
• yisiphi isikhathi sosuku kwenza ngokwayo wazizwa;
• lapho ubuhlungu Kuvezwe ngokokuqala (isibonelo, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule);
• lapho lokujabulela ubuhlungu lenziwe laba likhulu;
• noma yiziphi izinkomba ezisheshe ezengeziwe osolisayo kuyagcinwa ngoba ikhanda;
• wamukele ikhona izidakamizwa;
• kangakanani ukuhlaselwa ubuhlungu kwenzeke ngoba ngosuku;
• Ingabe kukhona izifo.

Kudingeka ukuba baveze imibono yabo mayelana nokuthi, ngenxa yokukholwa yini ubuhlungu okungenzeka zenzeka. amasonto Mhlawumbe ezimbalwa (izinyanga, iminyaka) ukuhlukumezeka edlule noma nishaye ekhanda etholwe. Lolu lwazi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kuzosiza ukucacisa imbangela abasafufusa Uchwepheshe ikhanda.

Udokotela, kokuba uzilalele zonke izikhalazo, uzoqoka ukuhlolwa ezidingekayo (ukuhlolwa kwegazi, X-ray, i-CT scan, njll ..). Udokotela naye bayaqondisa onguchwepheshe ezidingekayo (efana Udokotela wezindlebe ebukhoneni yizifo ezihlobene nokungabikho indlebe, emphinjeni, imphumulo, inhloko, isazi sezinzwa wokuthi yadalwa noma uqinisekise izifo ezihlobene isimiso sezinzwa), ukuze ekugcineni ukuthola ukuthi kungani isiguli ngokuvamile libuhlungu ikhanda.

Izizathu (ukuthi yenzeni, siye echazwe ngenhla), ukuvela izimpawu ezinjalo, njengoba kusobala okungenhla, zihlukile. Kodwa lapho ifingqa, kuyafaneleka ukuthi% 5 kuphela iziguli sifuna odokotela izikhalo ikhanda, wembula nezifo ezimbi. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, akudingekile ukuba senqabe ekwakheni kudokotela wezifo. Udokotela ukuthola imbangela yangempela ubuhlungu futhi unike amathiphu ngokuthi isebenza kanjani ungakwazi balahle yalesi uphawu ezibuhlungu.