Izimpawu glomerulonephritis kanye nokwelashwa kwayo

Yini uphethwe "glomerulonephritis"? Le nkulumo ibhekisela ukuvuvukala izinso, lapho isakhiwo yabo eyinhloko - glomerulus - ezilimele ngenxa ukushayisana kwe amasosha omzimba siqu. Glomerulonephritis Izimpawu ezivame ukubonakala ngemva ezinye izifo odlule (ikakhulukazi streptococcal umphimbo obuhlungu), hypothermia, ngokumelene sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba nezifo rheumatism ngenxa ngaphansi ubuthi izizathu. Ithinta kokubili izinso ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Kanjani izinso?

umzimba Lo muntu sika ijulile kakhulu liningi igazi. Kungenxa izinso imikhumbi eminingi Nokwelukiweyo isebenza ngakho ngokushelela ukuthi babizwa ngokuthi "inethiwekhi emangalisayo." Leyo liningi igazi asebenzayo kuyadingeka ukuze enze umsebenzi oyisisekelo - zonke isihlungi yesibili igazi, ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezingadingekile futhi abanye amanzi niwalethe emchamweni, ngakho umzimba ibizwa ngokuthi "plasma ultrafiltrate". Ngakho, ngosuku izinso "iphathwa" mayelana 150 amalitha plasma, etholwe ngenxa mayelana 1.5 amalitha ama-filtrate (ngokuvamile ezinganeni nakubantu abadala kufanele zimiswe okungenani 1 ml / esisindo kg ngehora, kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-3 ml / kg / ihora).

Zikhona amaphuzu amabili ayinhloko izinso:

1) Filtration, lapho ibhola futhi udlale. Igazi sidlula "ngesihlungo" oluthile. Ngenxa yalokho, amaphrotheni, izakhi amaselula kanye ezinye amanzi emuva emgudwini wegazi, futhi ziyoncibilika plasma izidakamizwa ubuyele ku tubules we nephron.

2) ukuncela obuyela emuva. Ngalesi indlela, igazi icutshungulwe kaningi eziNcwadini tubules, futhi iwela umchamo ngempela iphesenti elincane lemali yasekuqaleni okusamanzi, electrolyte kancane efanele, i-nitrogen, ezinobuthi nezidakamizwa, okuyinto idilizwa-plasma.

Ngaphandle ukuthi izinso ukuhlunga igazi, futhi iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni izinto ezidingekayo ukwehlisa wegazi lazo wawungcono, futhi izinto ezinjalo ukuthi kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe erythrocyte.

Ngenxa lapho zikhona izimpawu of glomerulonephritis?

1. ukutheleleka Streptococcal: lacunar noma namathansela (ngokuvamile), umphimbo obuhlungu, Izilonda pustules - impetigo. Kulokhu, izivikeli mzimba "kukhumbula" kanjani ukubheka streptococcus antigen-isitha, futhi ngenxa nokwakheka kwezicubu izinso sifana le-bacterium, zithinteka izinso glomerulus futhi nephron.
2. Okunye izifo:

- sepsis webhaktheriya, inyumoniya, endocarditis, okubangelwa flora coccal, meningococcal, i-typhoid fever ,

- igciwane: ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B, "ingulube", upokisi, enterovirus;

- izifo ezibangwa lenyama: umalaleveva, toxoplasmosis.

3. Ukwethulwa ahlukahlukene mzimba nezidakamizwa, serums, imigomo. Kulokhu, lo amasosha omzimba "iyaphendula" ngamaprotheni angaphandle (lesengililungiselele zenziwa ngesisekelo amaprotheni zezilwane ezihlukahlukene ezifana namahhashi). Inxanxathela "antigen plus omzimba siqu" imisiwe eduze glomerulus izinso kanye umonakalo.

4. izifo loluhleliwe: periarteritis nodosa, omzimba izicubu erythematosus, Goodpasture Syndrome, vasculitis. Kulezi zimo, ngokuvamile kwakheka amasosha ingxenye eyinhloko izinso glomerulus - ulwelwesi.

5. Abanye ukukhubazeka azalwa naso kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni.

6. Umbiko perfusion izinso kwezimo abasebenza ngaphansi kwazo hypothermia kanye nomswakama eliphezulu.

Izimpawu ze-glomerulonephritis

Lesi sifo singase sibe sibi, subacute (ebulalayo kunazo) noma ezingamahlalakhona. Ezicashile ngamunye zinhlobo - kuthiwa glomeruli ucishe kulimala (ngezinye izikhathi ezinye izingxenye izinso), ngaleyo ndlela akwazi ukufohla namaprotheni umchamo, futhi egazi. Ngu uqobo, amaprotheni igcina oketshezini egazini. Lapho eneminyaka engu-ezincane, ngoba kunesithembiso okuncane imithambo yegazi, iyaqhubeka ezicutshini. etholwe Ngakho ukuvuvukala. Futhi, amahlamvu namaprotheni anjenge globulin, ngenxa okuyinto umzimba iba usengozini yokuthola izifo.

Ngenxa ukulahlekelwa kwamangqamuzana egazi umchamo eba igazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlupheka futhi imishini inkanuko kumiswa amanye amangqamuzana egazi abomvu igazi. Futhi okwenza inqubo sinqamukile kanye into kunciphisa umfutho wegazi.

izimpawu okukhulu glomerulonephritis has ahlukahlukene, kobukhulu ezahlukene. Babonakala amasonto 1-2 emva ngomgomo noma ukutheleleka, ingaqala ngokushesha, kungaba kancane kancane. Izimpawu eyinhloko glomerulonephritis yilezi:

- ubuthakathaka, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, ukungakuthandi ukudla;

- umkhuhlane;

- ukwehla inani umchamo;

- ukubukeka ubuhlungu zibuthuntu nhlangothi zombili;

- umchamo ezinye zingase zibe bomvu, umbala onsundu ( "umbala inyama slops"), ngezinye izikhathi shades imperceptible ukushintsha, kodwa imiphumela yokuhlolwa umchamo wabonisa ukuthi kukhona inqwaba erythrocyte Ushintshe;

- njengoba ekucubunguleni jikelele umchamo kungase kwembule ukuthi kukhona amaprotheni, emangqamuzaneni egazi amhlophe amaningi amasilinda;

- ubuso aphansi imilenze evuvukele futhi ukuvuvukala kungaba kokubili aminyene futhi ethambile, nokuqaqeka kalula; kukhona ukuthambekela bazendlala esiswini, wehlise back;

- uma ukulahlekelwa amaprotheni zinkulu, futhi uketshezi exuded yi pleural futhi ingaphakathi peritoneal, kanye isikhwama senhliziyo: kufushane elikhulayo umoya, kunzima ukuhambisa, angagcina edema yamaphaphu;

- anda blood pressure ku kweenomboro ezihlukahlukeneko;

- ayilutho isikhumba, ezomile;

- izinwele zomile, ziyaqothuka.

Mhlawumbe isethi ehlukile izimpawu zayo, kodwa ngokuvamile ngaphandle ukubukeka igazi emchamweni, ukunciphisa isibalo saso yesifo edema futhi akakwazi ukwenza. Kakhulu akuvamile, lesi sifo esingakafiki uzwakalise ukubonakaliswa. Umuntu ngeke iyawakha kuze kube yisikhathi lapho inombolo enkulu glomeruli ziyayeka ukusebenza.

Uma phakathi nonyaka ungakwazi ukunqoba glomerulonephritis acute, kunenkolelo yokuthi waya ifomu ezingamahlalakhona. Lokhu lula:

- lesi sifo singalapheki (namathansela noma sinusitis okungamahlalakhona, caries zamazinyo);

- izifo iguliswa futhi sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba ekhona;

- njalo sibi zokuphefumula izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ngalesi sikhathi.

inqubo Okungalapheki kungabuye owabonakaliswa inhlanganisela izimpawu ezahlukene:

- kuphela igazi emchamweni, ukuvuvukala, futhi akukho ukwanda wegazi;

- kukhona, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, futhi edema, nokululama esiningi amaprotheni phakathi umchamo;

- uphawu main - high blood pressure, ukuvuvukala cishe lapho, kodwa izinguquko ku umchamo cishe ezingabonakali "by iso";

- kungabonwa kuphela izinguquko ku umchamo, uma uyiqashe for ukuhlaziya, edema kanye senyusa izinga lomfutho womoya khona.

Kulokhu, uma abanye isici avuse exacerbation yenqubo okungamahlalakhona izimpawu kuyoba ngokucace nakakhulu, wamemezela njengoba e glomerulonephritis oyingozi.

ekwelapheni glomerulonephritis

Ukwelashwa okokuqala eyenziwa kuphela esibhedlela. Umuntu oqokwe embhedeni ukuphumula nokudla usawoti-free nge inani elincane kakhulu wamaprotheni nasoketshezini. Uma kunobufakazi bokuthi imbangela isifo - inqubo webhaktheriya emzimbeni, wabe eseya ukuthuthwa kwendle focus ukutheleleka, imithi elwa namagciwane ingase iqondiswa. Kusukela lokho kubonisa ukuthi izimpawu glomerulonephritis, kanye nokwelashwa kuncike.

Ukuze ukwelashwa nazo asetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezifana:

- hormone, glucocorticoids, cytostatics nokuthi stop self-ukubhujiswa izinso;

- izidakamizwa ukuthi ngcono igazi ligeleze izinso;

- isisu;

- izidakamizwa antihypertensive;

- uma kunesidingo, amaprotheni amalungiselelo, erythrocyte mass (i-hemoglobin ongaphakeme) iqondiswa ngemithambo yegazi.