The main ikhaliphe sokugembula

Reflex - yokusabela ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle. Lapho ngenela ebuchosheni noma isimiso sezinzwa ikhaliphe pathologic zenzeka, okuyinto ubonakalise zokugula motor izimpendulo. Ngo umkhuba zezinzwa bobabili beacons ukuhlonza izifo ezihlukahlukene.

Umqondo reflex sokugembula

Lapho main namangqamuzana ezinzwa lesion zobuchopho noma izindlela neuronal avele ikhaliphe pathologic. Babonisa ukuxhumana okusha phakathi ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle kanye impendulo umzimba kubo, okungakwazi kubhekwe kuyinsakavukela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba womuntu awuwona ngempela ngokwanele aphendvule ekuxhumaneni ngokomzimba njengoba kuqhathaniswa umuntu evamile ngaphandle pathologies.

ikhaliphe olunjalo lubonisa iyiphi izifo zengqondo noma izinzwa e abantu. Ezinganeni, ikhaliphe eziningi kuyinsakavukela (extensor-foot, ukuziqonda, abancela), ngenkathi umuntu omdala ubhekwa zokugula ezinjalo. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka emibili, wonke ikhaliphe okubangelwa ethambile isimiso sezinzwa. Sokugembula futhi elisheshayo okunemibandela futhi ngaphandle kwemibandela. Okokuqala obonakala njengenhlangano impendulo engakufanelekele umfutho, fixed ezisenkumbulweni esidlule. Eyesibili engavamile ngokuya yemvelo ubudala noma isimo.

izimbangela

ikhaliphe okungavamile kungase kube ngenxa yokulimala pathologies we isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, ezifana ingqondo,:

• umonakalo cerebral cortex izifo, izifo umgogodla, isimila;
• hypoxia - ubuchopho umsebenzi zinganeliswa ngenxa yokuntuleka umoya-mpilo;
• Stroke - ukunqotshwa izitsha ingqondo;
• cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy) - angahlangani azalwa naso lapho ingqondo ezisanda kubelethwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi alupholi, nokuthuthukisa;
• nomfutho wegazi ophezulu;
• ukukhubazeka;
• ikhoma;
• imithelela nokwethuka.

Noma yimuphi izifo isimiso sezinzwa, kwemizwa umonakalo izibopho isifo ubuchopho kungadala normal, ikhaliphe okungenampilo.

Ukwahlukanisa ikhaliphe sokugembula

ikhaliphe sokugembula basakazwa amaqembu ezilandelayo:

• Ikhaliphe wemikhawulo engenhla. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa ikhaliphe carpal sokugembula, impendulo okungenamsoco ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle wemikhawulo engenhla. Bangase balwisane ukuziqonda okungalindelekile futhi ubambe into. Wenzeka ngesikhathi ukukhuthazwa isikhumba kwezintende zezandla ngasesinqeni se iminwe.
• Ikhaliphe wemikhawulo aphansi. Lezi zihlanganisa stopnye ikhaliphe sokugembula, ephendula u- ka isando njengoba ukugoba noma ngokuxhawulana phalanges we izinzwane, eguqa unyawo.
• Elisheshayo imisipha ngomlomo - ukusikwa normal unyakazise imisipha yobuso.

ngezinyawo ikhaliphe

Extensor unyawo ikhaliphe kukhona kuwukubonakaliswa ekuqaleni isimiso sezinzwa. Sokugembula Babinski evamise bangenile Neurology. It kuwuphawu engenhla motor neuron syndrome. Libhekisela eqenjini aphansi esitho ikhaliphe. Kubonakala kanje: Stroke ukunyakaza ku emaphethelweni elingaphandle unyawo kuholela isandiso ukuthi uzwane enkulu. Kungase kuhambisane yokuzalanisa fan of bonke izinzwane. In the ukungabikho zokugula kuyinto ukucasuka senyawo kuholela flexion okungalindelekile we isithupha noma yonke nasezinzwanini. Movement kufanele kube lula, akakubangeli ubuhlungu. Isizathu tekwakha Babinski reflex ibambezeleke motor ebambe iziteshi ukushukuma futhi ukuphazamiseka excitation ka umgogodla intambo izingxenye. Izingane cishe iminyaka engaba yisithupha ukubonakaliswa Babinski reflex kubhekwa kuyinsakavukela ke ukwakheka Gait futhi isikhundla mpo umzimba, kufanele zinyamalale.

A nomphumela ofanayo kungenzeka nezinye izenzo receptor:

• Oppenheim sika reflex - ukwandiswa umunwe uma ngokucindezela nokusuka phezulu kuya phansi kanye isithupha endaweni ye tibia;
• KukaGordon uphawu - zlib imisipha gastrocnemius;
• uphawu Schaeffer sika - kokucindezelwa we Achilles umsipha.

flexion okungavamile ikhaliphe unyawo:

• reflex Rossolimo - lapho ngaphansi ngokuzumayo isando amagalelo noma kalula phezu engaphakathi phalanges ngokushesha evula abuye avale II-V izinzwane;
• Bechterew Reflex - ukusabela okufanayo kwenzeka nokukhanya evunyelwe phezu elingaphandle unyawo ngesikhathi esifundeni metatarsal;
• Zhukovsky Reflex - ebonakaliswa ukuhlaselwa maphakathi ngezinyawo, ngasesinqeni se iminwe.

Elisheshayo automatism ngomlomo

automatism Oral - yokusabela kuya umfutho kwemisipha umlomo, ebonakaliswa ukunyakaza kwabo okungalindelekile. Lolu hlobo ikhaliphe sokugembula ebonwe amafomu alandelayo:

• Nosogubnyj reflex, kwenzeka lapho hammer rapping ngasesinqeni se ekhaleni, ebonakaliswa ngokudweba izindebe. Umthelela efanayo kungenzeka uma esondela ukuba umlomo (temlomo-Ibanga has reflex) noma ukukhanya etshaya aphansi noma engenhla lip - reflex ngomlomo.
• Palm-kwesilevu reflex noma reflex Marinescu-Radovic. Ibha movement in the isithupha palm ukukhiqiza ukusabela imisipha yobuso kanye yi endaweni ukunyakaza kwesilevu.

ukusabela okunjalo kuyinsakavukela kuphela nezinsana khona abadala - egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo.

Synkineses futhi elisheshayo zokuzivikela

Synkineses - ke ingqondo, elinesimo pair of esitho ukunyakaza. Ngu ikhaliphe sokugembula yalolu hlobo zihlanganisa:

• synkinesis global (uma eguqa izandla umlenze unbent noma intombi kowesilisa);
• Awokuzenzisa: ukuphindaphindwa okungalindelekile ukunyakaza okungenamsoco (ikhubazeke) esitho ukunyakaza kwezempilo;
• koordinatornyh: iminyakazo ngokwawo nemilenze okungenampilo.

Synkineses zenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukunyakaza lapho asebenzayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kususwa ingalo enempilo noma umlenze esitho okhubazekile kwenzeka nokuguqulwa imisipha, kukhona ukunyakaza alo esandleni, extensor - imilenze.

ikhaliphe Avikelayo zenzeka ngesikhathi ukukhuthazwa nemilenze okhubazekile abonakalisa wakhe ukunyakaza okungalindelekile. Umfutho kungenzeka, isibonelo, i-inaliti umjovo. ukusabela maKristu abizwa automatism umgogodla. Ngu ikhaliphe avikelayo singawathola zihlanganisa uphawu Marie Foy Bechtereva - eguqa izinzwane kuholela okungalindelekile ukugoba imilenze ngesikhathi nedolo hip.

ikhaliphe tonic

ikhaliphe Ngokuvamile tonic ziyabonakala izingane kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ezinyangeni ezintathu. Ukuqhubeka ukubukeka kwabo kanye ngenyanga yesihlanu zokuphila bangakufakazela ukuthi ukunqotshwa ingane ene-cerebral palsy. Lapho-cerebral palsy azalwa naso motor automatism ungacimi, futhi ukuqhubeka ukuthuthukisa. Ukuze labo futhi zihlanganisa normal ikhaliphe tonic:

• Labyrinth tonic reflex. Ungenile izikhundla ezimbili - ngemuva nesisu - futhi kubonakala kuye ngokuthi indawo esikhaleni kwekhanda lengane. Ezinganeni ene-cerebral palsy sivezwe kula ithoni oluphakeme imisipha extensor kule sikhundla lisalele futhi flexion ngesikhathi usana elele ngesisu sakhe.
• Lesinesitfombe-sibuko tonic reflex entanyeni. Lapho i-cerebral palsy ububonisa kwethonya ikhanda ukunyakaza ku ithoni imisipha.
• Azilingani Intamo tonic reflex. Ububonisa ithoni anda imisipha lapho turning ikhanda nganxanye. Ohlangothini, okuyinto waphendulela ubuso, imisipha extensor ocushiwe futhi kusukela nape entanyeni - flexor.

Lapho ICP inhlanganisela okungenzeka usabele tonic ibonisa ukuthi kobukhulu isifo.

ikhaliphe umsipha

ikhaliphe umsipha ngokuvamile kubangelwa buhlungu isando phezu umsipha. Bona zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• Imisipha esengxenyeni Reflex imisipha biceps. Ukuphendula isando igalelo ku ingalo yakhe ibheke endololwaneni.
• Imisipha esengxenyeni triceps reflex. Ingalo uzimisele endololwaneni, nge umthelela kwenzeka isandiso.
• Bamane bacabange ukuphendula. Igalelo ewela imisipha quadriceps senyonga ngaphansi ivi. Umphumela - isandiso imilenze emalungeni kwedolo.

Sokugembula umsipha ikhaliphe zenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi asabela ngayo isando zishayo. Kungenzeka ukukhubazeka, ikhoma, balimala eqolo intambo.

Ingabe ukwelashwa kunokwenzeka?

ikhaliphe sokugembula e Neurology bebodwa abaphathwa, ngakho-ke akusona isifo esisodwa kodwa nje uphawu abanye okuthile engqondweni. Bafakazela ebuchosheni nesimiso sezinzwa izinkinga. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka, okokuqala kunakho konke, funa imbangela kakhulu ngokubukeka kwabo. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye ukubeka udokotela uphethwe bangakhuluma umuthi othile, ngoba kuyadingeka ukuze aphathe kakhulu imbangela, hhayi izimpawu. ikhaliphe sokugembula angasiza ukuhlonza isifo namandla aso.