Ukonakala Macular retina: Izimpawu kanye Ukwelashwa

Inner ingxenye distal limbozwa izicubu ekhethekile iso. ibizwa ngokuthi i-retina. Lokhu Indwangu ithumela futhi uthola tibonwa. Ingxenye retina iyona macula. Kuyinto unesibopho ukuzinza umbono emaphakathi. Lapho lezi noma nezinye pathologies amehlo angase angayithandi indlela okusetshenziswa umbono kuze ukulahlekelwa kwayo kancane kancane. Omunye isifo sinjalo ukonakala samehlo izindawo yellow. Ngokulandelako, cabangela kuyini lokhu zokugula, kanjani ukuthi kuziveza nalokho kuyingozi.

Uhlolojikelele

ezihlobene ubudala ukonakala macular - kuyini? Kukho konke, zokugula libhekene Ukuwohloka isimo amangqamuzana akha kule ndawo. Related ukonakala macular (kokubili amehlo noma eyodwa) ngokuvamile livela kubantu abadala. Kakhulu zokugula ezingavamile sitholakale intsha. Mayelana nalesi simo uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ezihlobene nokukhula ukonakala macular. Cabangela lesi sifo kabanzi.

ngezigaba

ukonakala Macular kungaba ezimbili zama:

• Neovascular (ezimanzi). Kulokhu, ukonakala kwabangela imithambo elikhulu igazi retina. Kaningi-ke, kuniketa ukuvuza uketshezi negazi. Lezi zinqubo kungaholela kokulimala endaweni macular. ifomu Neovascular sitholakale% 10 kuphela iziguli lesi sifo. Nokho, isabelo lolu hlobo zokugula ebangela yisibalo esikhulu sabasebenzi esingakaze amacala ukulahlekelwa okuphelele umbono.
• Atrophic (ezomile). Kulokhu, njengoba isizathu ochwepheshe ukhombe ukufa kancane kancane off lamaseli kokuba nokuzwela ekukhanyeni. Iphinde kuphakamisa ukulahlekelwa umbono. ifomu Atrophic ka macular ukonakala-akhawunti iningi amacala lilonke (90%).

izizathu

Kungani ngiba ukonakala macular? Ochwepheshe namanje hhayi kusungulwa izimbangela ngqo yalesi sifo. Kukhona izinguqulo eziningi ezahlukene. Ezinye zazo zisekelwa ucwaningo nalokho esikubonayo, abanye bahlale ezingeni theory. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye ochwepheshe baye bame kwelokuthi ukuntula amavithamini athile futhi compounds amaminerali umuntu uba usengozini yokuthola ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo. Ngokwesibonelo, inani lezifundo wathola ukuthi ematfuba ukuthi ngeke macular ukonakala, kwandisa izikhathi eziningana ukungabi khona amavithamini E no-C, Antioxidants. Lokubaluleke kakhulu ukungabi khona zinc (nguye emzimbeni likhona, kodwa bagxila endaweni iso), kanye carotenoid zeaxanthin futhi lutein. I yamuva ayizona ngqo zombala we macula. Njengoba omunye ayeke ukunisa izici ochwepheshe biza cytomegalovirus womuntu. Abanye abacwaningi baye bame kwelokuthi ukuthuthukiswa sifo kunikela kakhulu ukudla lapho lizinga inama kuphezulu kakhulu. kubhekwa Ngakho engase zokuzivikela compounds monounsaturated. Ngokuhambisana amanye sathola ukuthi kungenzeka ukunciphisa amathuba zokugula ethatha ω-3 okunamafutha acid. Ngokusho ngemiphumela yocwaningo engaphezu kweyishumi yabonisa inhlangano wezibalo obalulekile phakathi kokubhema ukonakala macular. Kulokhu, ematfuba isifo luyanda izikhathi 2-3 e ukuhlukunyezwa nicotine (njengoba kuqhathaniswa ne non-ababhemayo ungalokothi). Nokho, ngokuhamba izifundo emihlanu abuthole uxhumano.

engcupheni

Amathuba isifo luyanda ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Okuvame kakhulu izinto ezandisa le ngozi:

• mbuzeni
• khona izihlobo abaphethwe noma kokuba lesi sifo;
• okuqondene uhlanga ezimhlophe;
• ukubhema;
• kokuba owesifazane;
• iziyaluyalu esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (ngabo, isibonelo, ukufaka phakathi okwandisa emakamu cholesterol, umfutho wegazi ophezulu).

Ukonakala Macular: Izimpawu

zokugula ukubonakaliswa zonke iziguli zihlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, kwezinye iziguli ezine ukonakala macular ingaqala kunalokho kancane. Ngamanye iziguli, kunalokho, isifo okusheshayo eholela abalulekile ongaboni. Soreness akuyona ephelezelwa ifomu noma ezimanzi noma ezomile zokugula. Phakathi izimpawu eyinhloko ukonakala macular kufanele ezigqanyisiwe:

• angaboni kahle;
• ukuhlanekezela imigqa eqondile (isibonelo, wabuka kuvulwa umnyango zingavela egwegwile);
• nobunzima kokubukeza izingxenye (ukufunda, isibonelo);
• khona ichashaza elincane elimnyama maphakathi emkhakheni ezibukwayo, nge sikhathi okwandisa ngosayizi.

izinyathelo zokuxilonga

Okusolwayo ukubukeka ukonakala kungenzeka lapho libhekwa onguchwepheshe abadala ukukhononda ngesineke umbono kwehle. Ukuze sandise abafundi ukusebenzisa amathonsi ekhethekile. Ngenxa yalesi ukuxhaphaza kuba sibukwe ezingemuva iso. Inqubo uphethwe liyasetshenziswa Amsler test - ishidi Reticulated futhi ichashaza elimnyama phakathi. Uma okulindile emaphakathi uphawu iseli umugqa ziyavela agobile (wahlanekezela), khona-ke lokhu kungase kubonise egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo.

Macular ukonakala: Ukwelashwa

Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ezimweni eziningi, iyiphi izinyathelo zokwelapha kungukuthi kwenziwe. Nokho, ezinye iziguli, ne ezomile ifomu zokugula babelwe umfutho ongaphakeme, noma nombundu, laser ukuchayeka. Ingqikithi yalo iwukuba ukususa ngokusebenzisa amazinga okukhishwa ngokulinganisela Abangane ngemisebe (ezifakwa ethize aphuzi). Kuze kube muva nje, lapho ifomu emanzi isifo kusetshenziswa indlela yokwelapha photodynamic usebenzisa ejenti "Vizudin". Umuthi iqondiswa isiguli ngemithambo yegazi. Kusukela letindzala kwegazi izidakamizwa ngokukhetha ugxile esanda kuphela kwakhiwa izitsha lesifunda. Ngakho, kusho "Vizudin" akuphazamisi epithelium sombala retina. Bekanye ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa wenziwa laser kweseshini. Inqubo wenziwa ngaphansi kolawulo ikhompyutha. Low-amandla emisebe ye-siqondiswe endaweni neovascular ulwelwesi (fibre optic kudivayisi asetshenziselwe le nhloso). Pathologically izitsha esiyingozi zapustevayut futhi baqala banamathelane. Ngenxa yalokho, ukopha. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, umphumela zokwelapha ihlala iminyaka engu-1-1.5.

izindlela yamanje zokwelapha

Umuthi 'ranibizumab "yasungulwa ngesikhathi uphenyo. Ithuluzi yakhelwe usufakwa ingaphakathi ocular. Umuthi kuvimbela umsebenzi kanye nokuthuthukisa izitsha elalisanda kumiswa futhi subretinal ulwelwesi neovascular. Ngenxa yalokho, umbono nje kuphela walulama, kodwa futhi, kwezinye izimo ngcono kakhulu. Kuyinto ngokuvamile esanele imijovo emihlanu ngonyaka. Inkambo zokwelapha ihlala iminyaka emibili. Emva umjovo wokuqala, iningi leziguli ziye zathuthukisa umbono. Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa "ranibizumab" wavumela kokubili e ezomile futhi ezimanzi ifomu egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Ngu izinkomba futhi zihlanganisa retinopathy sikashukela. Lesi sikhungo ingasetshenziswa lihambisana yokwelapha photodynamic.

izinyathelo

Omunye ngeke siyeke inqubo yokuguga bese ubuyela engu. Kodwa kungenye into ehluke kakhulu enengqondo ukuze ingafaki eziningana ezibangela le ngozi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuyeka ukubhema. ukubaluleka okukhulu ku ukuvimbela izifo ezizungeze. Ochwepheshe batusa phakathi kushisa ukuphuma. Uma kunesidingo esinjalo, amehlo kufanele bavikeleke ukuchayeka ngqo emisebeni ultraviolet. Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo ekudleni. Ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa ukudla okunothe cholesterol kanye inama ingozi macular ukonakala inyuka kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo edla inhlanzi namantongomane kunciphisa ingozi. I Kale Kunconywa, isipinashi ngoba prophylaxis.