Laser okuqinile: ezisebenza izimiso, isicelo

Lesi sihloko sibonisa lokho kukhona izinto ezinemisebe monochromatic futhi yiziphi izinzuzo a laser okuqinile-isimo phezu nezinye izinhlobo. Lapha siyatshelwa ukuthi kukhona isizukulwane emisebeni anokuhambisana, kungani kudivayisi ishayela qinile lokuqopha lokho okudingekayo. Kukhona futhi kubhekwa ezintathu edingekayo laser isici ukuthini futhi kusebenza kanjani.

band theory

Ngaphambi sikhuluma kanjani ukusebenza laser (isimo okuqinile, isibonelo), kufanele ucabangele ezinye imodeli ngokomzimba. Kusukela izifundo esikoleni esisodwa uyakhumbula ukuthi electron ezungeza i-nucleus ahlelwe omise ethize noma amazinga energy. Uma esinayo hhayi athomu eyodwa, futhi eningi ngesikhathi, okungukuthi, sicabanga yimuphi umzimba ngakuthathu, kukhona inkinga eyodwa.

Ngokusho the Pauli isimiso, kulomzimba nomunye futhi amandla efanayo kungaba electron eyodwa kuphela. Ngakho ngisho okusanhlamvu kulencane iqukethe inqwaba zama-athomu. Nature ithole kulokhu ophumayo ngomusa kakhulu - amandla electron ngamunye amandla ezahlukene kusukela ezakhelene elincane kakhulu, inani cishe indiscernible. Kulokhu bonke electron eyodwa ezingeni "sicindezelwe" ibe amandla band olulodwa. Endaweni lapho zitholakala ezikude kakhulu kusukela electron core, ngokuthi Valence. Landela endaweni yakhe has a amandla aphezulu. It electron sebehamba ngokukhululeka besuka ezweni, futhi iyaqhubeka ibizwa ngokuthi band conduction.

Emission kanye ukumuncwa

Noma yimuphi laser (okuqinile-state, igesi, chemical) usebenza kumigomo electron inguqulelo komunye indawo kuya kwenye. Uma umzimba wakho echayeke ukukhanya, lo-albhamu yezithombe i-electron unika amandla ngokwanele ukuba wayebathukuthelele isimo amandla aphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma i-electron idluliswe kusukela band conduction kuya Valence, ikhala ngendlela yezithombe. Uma into oyifundayo a Semiconductor noma yisivikelo, le Valence futhi conduction band zihlukaniswe esingaba lapho kungekho ezingeni. Ngakho, ama-electron ngeke ibe khona. Lokhu isikhawu libizwa igebe band. Uma i-albhamu yezithombe has amandla anele, ama-electron, Jump unqobe lo isikhawu.

isizukulwane

Isimiso yokusebenza ye-laser okuqinile-isimo kusekelwe yokuthi ketshezi ezonini sinqatshiwe kudalwa okuthiwa ungqimba okuhlanekezelwe. Electron esaphila kulelizinga ingaphezu kwe ayezidinga lapho band conduction. Ngakho, esikhathini esithile kuyo "buthelela" electron. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi labantu kombhala. Lapho alolu ngu-electron okunamachashaza, le albhamu yezithombe sihamba nombono efiselekayo, kubangela isizukulwane ngesikhathi esisodwa inqwaba obuphelele ezifanayo futhi isigaba ngamagagasi ukukhanya. Okungukuthi, ama-electron, kukhona ngendathane konke ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze isimo phansi, odala kwavela khona inhlansi izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya monochromatic amandla sezingeni eliphezulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nkinga eyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa laser wokuqala kwaba ukuthola inhlanganisela enjalo izinto okuyiwona kwakuyoba nokwenzeka labantu kombhala ka omunye amazinga. Eyokuqala ukusebenza ingxubevange naphakathi steel irubi.

Ukwakheka laser

Solid-isimo laser phezu izingxenye eziyinhloko lihlukile yezinye izinhlobo. Uketshezi ukusebenza, lapho kombhala labantu omunye amazinga, ekhanyiswa umthombo wokukhanya. Ibizwa ngokuthi ukudonsa. kungaba ngokuvamile kube esikhipha isibani evamile noma tube igesi khulula. Emibili elinganisene kuyoshaya ekupheleni uketshezi ukusebenza (okuqinile-isimo laser crystal eqala, igesi - isimo cleaner) yakha uhlelo izibuko, noma elalinembobo optical. Iqoqa e ugongolo kuphela labo izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya ukuthi kukhona parallel yokuxhuma. Unikezwe lasers okuqinile-isimo ngokuvamile kwenzeka nge izibani flash.

Izinhlobo lasers okuqinile-state

Kuye mode nomkhiqizo laser ugongolo ukuhlukanisa lasers okuqhubekayo kanye pulsed. Ngamunye wabo isetshenziswa kanye has izici zayo siqu. The main umehluko - pulsed lasers okuqinile-isimo nomthamo ephakeme. Njengoba for shot ngamunye izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya like "enqwabelanisa", bese omunye ishayela okwaziyo ukukhulula amandla ephakeme kunaleyo oscillation okuqhubekayo ngoba nenkathi efanayo. I umncane ishayela ihlala, le "dubula" namandla kakhulu ngamunye. Okwamanje, kuba nezobuchwepheshe kungenzeka ukwakha laser femtosecond. Omunye ishayela yayo ihlala imizuzwana-10 ^-15. kwencika okunjalo ihlobene yokuthi labantu izinqubo reverse njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla ihlala kakhulu elincane kakhulu. The eside isidingo ukulinda ngaphambi "ihlumela" laser, ama-electron, ngaphezulu isikhathi ukushiya ezingeni nabokhulumile. Ngakho, anciphe okuhlushwa ikhasi lesikhwama sasekhaya amandla ugongolo okukhiphayo.

laser umbhalo

Amaphethini phezu kwensimbi futhi ingilazi izinto ehlotshiswe ukuphila komuntu kwansuku zonke. Abakwazi zisetshenziswe athutha, amakhemikhali noma laser. Indlela wesibili lamadolobha esimanjemanje kakhulu. zako phezu kwezinye izindlela kanje. Njengoba kunomthelela oqonde ngqo phezu umsebenzi engekho, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba ilimaze into inqubo yokusebenzisa iphethini noma umbhalo oqoshiwe. I laser ugongolo ukusha engajulile kakhulu inkatho: surface eziqoshwe izinsalela bushelelezi futhi, ngakho-ke, into alilinyaziwe futhi ngeke sithathe isikhathi esijana. Endabeni laser metal ugongolo kushintsha kakhulu isakhiwo ndaba, futhi amagama ngeke fade iminyaka eminingi. Uma into esetshenziswa ngokucophelela, musa ukuzigcina kuyo acid noma deform ke izizukulwane eziningana iphethini kulo walondoloza ngokunembile. Laser lokuqopha kungcono ukhethe okuqinile-isimo ukushintsha ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili: izinqubo e ukudla okuqinile Kulula ukuzinqoba, futhi kuba eliphezulu isilinganiso okukhipha kanye namanani.

ukufakwa

Umbhalo, kukhona ukufakwa ekhethekile. Ngaphezu laser oqondile, bakhululekile kuqukathe Umhlahlandlela mechanical, lapho laser uhamba, futhi imishini yokuhlola (computer). umshini Laser isetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi yomsebenzi womuntu. Ngenhla sakhuluma zokuhlobisa izinto zansuku zonke. Bhalisiwe Cutlery, umentshisi izibuko, amawashi isikhathi eside siyohlala umndeni Uyokhunjuzwa izikhathi bajabule.

Nokho, yini izimpahla zasekhaya kodwa futhi zezimboni kuphela zidinga laser oqoshiwe. izitshalo ezinkulu, ezifana yezimoto, eyakhululwa imininingwane izinombolo elikhulu: amakhulu ezinkulungwane noma izigidi. into ngayinye kufanele kumakwe - nini futhi owabudala. indlela Ingcono laser oqoshiwe, ukuthola non, ukukhululwa sikhathi, ukuphila service kuyoba eside ngisho izingxenye ezinyakazayo, futhi lokho kwenza ingozi nemihuzuko. umshini Laser, kulesi simo kumele libhekene umthamo ephakeme nephephile. Phela, uma umbhalo okungenani ingxenye ushintsho amaphesenti property izingxenye zensimbi, kungaba sisabela ngezindlela ezingafani ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle. Ngokwesibonelo, ikhefu iphuzu kwesicelo bhalo oqoshiwe. Nokho, efanelekayo ukusetshenziswa ekhaya lula futhi ukufakwa eshibhile.