Femtosecond laser: incazelo, izinhlobo, izici isicelo kanye nokubuyekeza

Asikhulume namuhla ngalokho laser femtosecond. Yiziphi izimiso eziyinhloko emsebenzini wayo futhi kuyasiza indlela ukulungisa umbono?

ithiyori Bohr sika

Lapho ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, isayensi ifinyelele ezingeni ezingase abheke isakhiwo ye-athomu, ohlangothini olusha - quantum physics. Umsebenzi wokuqala kwaba ukuthola indlela futhi kungani electron kancane ningaweli ku-nucleus esindayo athomu. ithiyori Langaphambilini esekelwe zibalo uMaxwell sika, kwelokuthi noma ngabe iliphi icala ezihambayo likhipha emkhakheni, Ngakho-ke, ulahlekelwa umfutho. Ngakho, i-electron ihamba ukujikeleza ngaphakathi kumele njalo akhipha futhi ekugcineni awela nucleus. Boron ukusikisela umqondo ukuthi electron athomu kungenzeka kuphela amabanga ezithile kusukela maphakathi, futhi kwathatha komunye ezingeni komunye kuhambisana ekushayweni noma noma zokuncishiswa kwamandla. Lo mbono waba kamuva wachazela ngokuya quantum physics. Ukuba khona amazinga electron umile usivulele indlela kule okusunguliwe, le laser (wahlanganisa nalokho okwakufuneka femtosecond).

izisekelo theory of the laser

Uma ososayensi ukuqonda ilungiselelo athomu, bafuna ukufunda ukuthi uphatha isimo electron. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, i-electron, okuyinto ngasizathu simbe izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu ye-athomu, sifuna ukugcwalisa amazinga aphansi, uma bakhululekile. Esikhathini amandla shintsho Babechichima ngesimo a ikhasi lesikhwama sasekhaya yokukhanya, noma i-albhamu yezithombe. Kodwa ushintsho phakathi yimuphi amazinga ezimbili kudala ezahlukene ukukhanya Quanta. Kodwa uma electron amaningi izoya kanyekanye kusuka ngaphezulu ukuze ibe sezingeni leliphasi, kuzoba umfudlana sebuningini izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya ezifanayo. Izicelo lokhu ukugeleza akupheli. Ngokwesibonelo, femtosecond laser cataract kususa. I doped yttrium irubi watholakala ezingeni okuthiwa labantu kombhala, lapho ama-electron, maningi amathuba okuba ukuhlangana ngo ezingeni lelisetulu, bese konke ndawonye ukuya aphansi. Izingxenye ezisemqoka we-laser ezilandelayo:

• uketshezi ukusebenza (into inabantu ezingeni nabokhulumile);
• uzotshala (umthombo lapho "eheha" electron buthelela ezingeni ephambene);
• a elalinembobo ngesimo izibuko ezimbili okuhambisana (basuke bagxila kuphela labo izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya eziqala luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa, futhi bonke abanye bagcwele).

I kwaphumela okukhipha ishayela kungaba okuqhubekayo noma ngokuqhubekayo. laser Femtosecond, isibonelo, kungokwalabo Uhlobo lwesibili.

Micro, nano, femto

Konke lokhu aduduze ukumela yingxenye yalo lonke. Milli - kuyinto senkulungwane share yini, ezifana imitha. Okungukuthi milimitha - kuba 10 ^-3 m. femto Isiqalo kusho ukuthi into ukala, noma eqhubeka e izikhathi 10 kuya ^ku-15 ezincane kuno othile. Ngenxa yalokho, laser femtosecond has ishayela kufushane kakhulu. Ngo kufanelekile njalo ngomzuzu ngamunye izingcezu ^{15 Okthoba} pulses. Kungani kunokungqubuzana okunjalo inani unimaginably elincane? Iqiniso lokuthi amandla laser incike isikhathi esingakanani ama-electron, kuthiwa zanqwabelana ezingeni ephambene. Nge okuqhubekayo power isizukulwane lasers akukwazi okusezingeni eliphezulu. Kodwa esifushane kuka ishayela ngamunye, ayanda isivuno. izinqubo Ziningi isikhathi eside, futhi umgomo oyinhloko we ishayela letimfishane akusilo obonakalayo. Ukuthola uhlelo kubonakala laser okuqhubekayo. Kulokhu, yokuvumelana ugongolo okukhipha namandla iphezulu kakhulu.

cataract

Lolu ngwengwezi lwakheka - a ingaphazamisi lens. Umuntu eba isici okufana umbono, kungase kungabi aqaphele: ukuthuthukiswa esweni emaphethelweni umbono umfundi is hhayi kahle. Kodwa uma turbidity kwenzeka maphakathi lens, ngeke uphawule buthakathaka umbono akunakwenzeka. Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu ngalolu shintsho emehlweni akhe, ezine:

• emisebeni eyingozi ebulilini;
• ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda noma iso uqobo;
• sikashukela;
• eziningi ukucindezeleka.

Physical kuyimbangela eyodwa - iprotheni ezitholakala kuyi-lens iso uqala zilulaza, iba yingxenye yomhlabathi. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi amaprotheni denaturation. Endabeni lens ukubhujiswa engelapheki. Ngaphambili, amaxhegu ngamehlo esimhlophe bathembele ngokuphelele ezintweni izihlobo zabo ngoba ayenziwe abayizimpumputhe. Manje, Nokho, lesi sifo zingelashwa ngempumelelo.

Ukwelashwa nge ukuhlinzwa cataract

Ngokwesiko, impatho ehloselwe isiphazamiso emzimbeni womuntu ukuthi akwephuli ubuqotho bayo: umphimbo obuhlungu ziphathwe amaphilisi itiye hot, usike umunwe - amafutha amabhandeshi.

Kodwa kulokhu, ukwelashwa olukhulu - ukuhlinzwa. Ngokuvamile ngaleli zwi kusho izilonda, sutures, okuyizinto isikhathi eside ukuphola, ubuhlungu nokulahlekelwa yokuphila evamile. Endabeni ukuhlinzwa cataract akudingeki besabe, ngoba imbobo ngokuvamile encane kakhulu, 2-3 mm, akukho imithambo yegazi kungukuthi usike, lo izinzwa wendawo.

Izigaba wokusebenza:

1. I inhlamvu yeso ibizwa anaesthetized ne amathonsi ekhethekile.
2. Iris imbobo (imbobo hhayi ningi than 3 mm ubude).
3. I-lens sifakwe idivayisi ekhethekile.
4. Idivayisi oguqula lens elidala emulsified.
5. I emulsion is ukusivumela.
6. Thina ukwethula yokufakelwa lens entsha esithambile.
7. Insimbi lisuselwa iso.

Inqubo ihlala cishe imizuzu engu-15, ngemva kwalokho lo muntu angaya ekhaya yena.

Kuyinto at the stage of ukuguqulwa lens elidala emulsified usebenzisa laser femtosecond. Ophthalmology uyazi futhi esinye isibonelo ukusetshenziswa lasers - ukulungiswa myopia futhi astigmatism. Kodwa lena indaba ehluke ngokuphelele.

Izinzuzo lasers ekwelapheni ngwengwezi

Ngokushesha shayela eyodwa ethile - le ndlela ngempela eqolo. Nokho, kuzo zonke ezinye izici ke ungcono izindlela odlule. Ngokwe-nokubuyekezwa, indwangu kancane ezilimele ezizungezile lens, kuzodlula yokuguqula emulsion, ezincane usayizi izinhlayiya okuholela, uma asetshenziswe laser ukusebenza femtosecond. Uphenyo lo msebenzi akhayo kakhulu kokubili kusuka iziguli ezivela kodokotela.

Sishilo kakade ukuthi ukusetshenziswa lasers is kushintshwe kakhulu futhi myopia. Nokho, kuze kube muva nje, imishini ezahlukene yasetshenziselwa kulo msebenzi, futhi ukwelashwa esweni. Isiguli into esemqoka - ikhwalithi ukusebenza, kodwa umtholampilo enikeza imisebenzi enjalo, ungathanda ukuchitha ku imishini hhayi imali engaka. Kulokhu, wangisiza Victus femtosecond laser: ingasetshenziswa ukwenza imisebenzi emithathu ehlukene. Kulokhu, badinga kuphela ukuze ushintshe izilungiselelo.