Minerals: Izakhiwo kanye Izicelo

Namuhla sizoxoxa ngalokho namaminerali. izakhiwo zabo futhi izicelo kuyobhekelwa. Umkhakha ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni ezweni lethu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze sithuthukise izinga lokuphila. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka izinsiza ngokwengeziwe futhi izinto. Iningi le impahla eluhlaza akhishwa ekujuleni umuntu kuyo yonke iplanethi ewuMhlaba. Kusukela izinqolobane zayo futhi kuncike inhlalakahle sonke isintu. Funda izifundo izingane kukhona izakhiwo amaminerali (Grade 3). Ngokusobala, uhulumeni ufuna ukukhulisa indawo nokubhala futhi amandla! Lokhu kuyoba usizo ukuze iplanethi.

Kuyini lokhu?

Cishe wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi namaminerali. I izakhiwo zalezi imithombo ukuphakamisa kithi ukuthi kukhishwe emhlabeni. Lezi izinto zokusetshenziswa kungaba okuqinile (amaminerali), liquid (uwoyela), ngisho gaseous (igesi yemvelo). Zonke lezi zinsalela ngokuthi ewusizo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto ekhishwe inzuzo yomuntu. Yiziphi ezinye izindawo amaminerali?

inkinga bakhathazile

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi akukho eziyinkimbinkimbi kule ndaba. Siyazi eziningi imithombo efana namaminerali. Izakhiwo, isicelo kanye nokusungulwa zalezizipho bemvelo, safunda ngaso esikoleni. Nokho, kukhona umugqa omncane ukuthi lihlotshaniswa ukuqonda ukuthi kuyasiza indoda. Kuye kwaba nangenkathi amaningi eminyaka ngaphambi okhokho bethu bakwazi ukuqonda Umbuso ezitholakele ku-ibhange zamatshe emfuleni. A isikhathi eside kakhulu bafunda ukubhekana ngemiphumela yalolu cwaningo, ngakho-ke singasetshenziswa njengoba induku yokumba.

Kwathatha isikhathi esiningi phambi abantu baqaphela ukuthi kwezinyawo zakhe, ungqimba lomhlaba, kukhona inqwaba ore izinqolobane, amaminerali nezinye izinto zemvelo. abangamakhulu ambalwa abantu imizamo amaminerali, ukuzisebenzisa ukuze kuzuze bona. Akukho inkinga ilula: uma umuntu esethatha phezu lezi zinto, ingaphakathi Umhlaba Akukho lutho olusele. Konke lokhu kuholela ukuphazamiseka isakhiwo Geological imikhiqizo, komhlaba igcwele kakhulu namaminerali ukucutshungulwa futhi imfucuza, okuyinto akhiqizwa phakathi kwenqubo yabo. Minyaka yonke, le nkinga kwemvelo isiba acute ngaphezulu, umuntu uphoqelekile ukuba ufune izindlela ezintsha isizinda kanye ukucutshungulwa namaminerali.

ngezigaba

Minerals, izakhiwo kanye nezicelo zazo sizoxoxa ngani kulesi sihloko, kufanele inqwaba ngeengaba. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe. Ngakho, izazi zokuma komhlaba ziye zakhomba:

• zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi;
• ore insimbi;
• amatshe onjengomlilo;
• ukwakhiwa namaminerali.

anemibala amatshe

abavukuzi Coloured - kuyinto umndeni olukhethekile izinto eziqinile. Azama ukuba namaminerali. Basuke ayisetshenziswa uphethiloli, ayisetshenziswa ukuthola ngezinto ezihlukahlukene noma ezinye umkhiqizo khimsyr'ya. Basuke ngamaqembu amabili:

• namaminerali esobala - kuyinto namatshe ayigugu noma amagugu. Ngokwesibonelo: Emerald, aquamarine, idayimane, itopazi, irubi, i-amethiste nabanye.
• namaminerali opaque noma ephuma kabili esiyigugu namatshe ayigugu. Isib Malachite, amaparele, inhlaka, ijaspi, ne-agathe, Lapis lazuli, nokunye.

Ake sihlolisise ngamatshe ayigugu kanye semiprecious. abavukuzi Diamond unesithakazelo ayigugu kakhulu. Igama livela egameni lesiGreki "Adamas", okusho ukuthi "ayikho into engangehlula." Futhi ngempela, kuba amaminerali sekukaningi ngokwemvelo, okusho ukuthi isetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ebhizinisini ubucwebe, kodwa ukukhiqizwa ikakhulu lobuchwepheshe. Diamond isetshenziselwa kokuqeda futhi wokucwebezelisa ezihlukahlukene ukudla okuqinile. Isetshenziselwa kucwila emithonjeni ejulile kakhulu. Yezimbiwa ukwenza sokuprakthiza okuqinile kakhulu. Futhi usebenzisa idayimane iphathwa nezinsimbi. bezihlahla okuqinile zenziwa zamatshe.

Namuhla, ososayensi baye waqinisekisa ukuthi bathole amadayimane ngu yokufakelwa izindlela, kodwa ezisetshenziselwa izinjongo lobuchwepheshe. Bemithi bathole ukuthi idayimane ukubunjwa yayo - kuba carbon. Ngokumangalisayo, kangakanani-carbon ihlukile amaminerali ezahlukene. Ukuhlolwa kwe-carbon-graphite ezisekelwe kakhulu. Kepha abakwazi ukuqhosha a ubulukhuni ezifana idayimane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaminerali eyaziwa ngokuba play lalo ukukhanya. Uma itshe sidlula kwelanga, sikwazi ukuxhumana nawe sigcine ezihlukahlukene ukukhanya elikhanyayo - kusukela blue shades abomvu. Zonke ubuhle indoda idayimane wabona ukubonwa ngekhulu XVIII, lapho afunda ukuyenza isici esikhethekile ejika itshe libe idayimane ekhaliphile. Kodwa empeleni basuke ayisekho isetshenziselwe izinjongo lobuchwepheshe. Brilliant - itshe senzelwe ubucwebe.

Izibaseli

Okuwusizo izinsalela zamathambo abantu, babe izakhiwo ezahlukene. Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi zingozi zihlanganisa Peat, amalahle, igesi yemvelo, uwoyela lamafutha oluthambile. It kuvela ukuthi lezi zinsiza asetshenziswa hhayi nje njengomuntu nophethiloli. Amafutha, igesi, amalahle kanye Peat asetshenziswa namuhla, izitshalo amandla amabhizinisi yezimboni eyahlukene. Kodwa leli qembu namaminerali kabanzi futhi ezinye izinjongo, ikakhulukazi embonini zamakhemikhali. izinto ezinjalo akhiwa futhi akhiqizwa amachibi wangaphambili, okuyinto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziye zaba ixhaphozi, bese - emathafeni. Ezansi lezi amachibi iminyaka ayemangaki ezihlukahlukene izinqubo zamakhemikhali: sebethule izinsalela zezitshalo ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, bona ukubola, bese yaphenduka sapropel. Abaningi ngisho izwi lashona singezwa lutho oluvela ngesiGreki lisho "elibolile" ngokwezwi futhi "Ukungcola". Ngakho, sapropel - a nokungcola kusuka humus uhlala yezinto eziphilayo. Kuba peatland noma siguqulelwa ansundu.

Ososayensi baye baqaphela ukuthi ukwakheka zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi lide kakhulu futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi, idinga semali isikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, Peat ngokuvamile akhiwa phezu zeminyaka eziningana. Zemvelo bathi kubalulekile ukwazi futhi ukhumbule abalandeli amanzi kwamaxhaphozi. Isayithi lokuqala kakhulu ukukhiqizwa uwoyela oluthambile babe angaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane edlule. Cishe ingxenye yabo bonke oluthambile uwoyela uvele kwenkathi Paleozoic. kwamiswa yamalahle ezivuzayo iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-350 edlule. Ngalezo zinsuku, iplanethi yethu okusikhumbuza emahlozini aluhlaza Izinhlobo giant, horsetails futhi moss. Ngalezi izitshalo, inhlabathi akanayo isikhathi ukubola, kuphenduke uginindela. Izitshalo nemithi safa, yawela emanzini, isihlabathi nobumba zalotshwa ngaphandle ukubola, futhi kancane kancane kwakheka futhi uguqulwe amalahle. Uma uthatha isandla kule ucezu amalahle ke ungacabanga ngokuphepha ukuthi manje entendeni yesandla sakho isivakashi kusuka esidlule.

i-ore

Qhubekisa ngokuthwebula esigabeni esilandelayo - metal imikhando. Emaphethelweni emadolobheni ngokuvamile ubone izikhangiso mayelana ukuvuma ayoni futhi izinsimbi non-ayoni. You azi ukuthi ukuphila ubukeka abamnyama akusilo black ngombala. Lokhu izinsimbi ezisetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni zensimbi steel ngu yokuncibilikisa ithusi. Lezi zihlanganisa yensimbi, manganese, vanadium noma chromium. Eza esiliva noma shades emhlophe. Ukuze izinsimbi non-ayoni zihlanganisa-nickel, i-zinc, ithusi negolide, phambili kanye nabanye. Iningi lazo kwakheka magma rocks ezijulile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bagcina ifike kwamanzi. Ngenxa imiphumela engokwemvelo emoyeni, ilanga namanzi ikhefu phansi ezintabeni, namadwala yabo sedimentary avele futhi evulekile kunendoda metal imali.

Izinsimbi elisetshenziswa umkhakha ukukhanya esindayo. Wabo ukwenza izikhali, izingxenye zokuhamba nokunye. amandla lomkhiqizo incike impahla okuyindawo Yenziwa. Kuyaziwa ngoba amandla aso steel. Aluminium kabanzi lisetshenziswe izindiza, ngoba kulula kakhulu. Futhi wiring kagesi ezazenziwe ngethusi, njengoba kuyintando umqhubi engcono kukagesi.

zokwakha

Izakhiwo amaminerali zenani kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Laba bantu esakhiwe izakhiwo ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, impucuko zemabula, egwadle noma limestone lasendulo ukwakha izinto ezihlukahlukene okulumba - emathempelini, namatshe amade abaziwe, imibhoshongo nokunye. Lime is Basaha kalula kakhulu ku amabhlogo, ngakho imibhoshongo baseGibhithe lasendulo zazakhiwe lokhu wezinsalela zamandulo.

Izakhiwo amaminerali: ubumba nesihlabathi

Clay indoda zaqala ukusetshenziswa womshini tableware, izitini tile nezinye izinto ezihlukahlukene ware sanitary. Kuyaziwa ukuthi isetshenziswa manje njengoba i-heater. Uneziqu impahla lovely - ukumelana namanzi. Clay ine ayelapha. Kungaba anemibala ehlukene. ubumba Red iqukethe yensimbi kanye potassium. impahla eluhlaza has a ethusi nawensimbi. Cobalt butholakala blue nobumba. Carbon nensimbi eziqukethwe ubumba ensundu black amnyama.

Izinto ezingokwemvelo: isihlabathi

I izakhiwo ngobumba isihlabathi bayigugu kakhulu esintwini. Kusinda isakhiwo izinto kuqala. Sand wafunda ukwenza ingilazi. Ukuze ahlanze zokudla, ngokuvamile besebenzisa isihlabathi namanzi. Le nhlanganisela ngokuphelele zihlanzekile ukusilaphazeka. Ngisho esikoleni, siqala ukutadisha izakhiwo amaminerali (Grade 3). Abantu zisebenzisa lezi zinsiza yonke indawo. Kodwa ingabe okungenamkhawulo lokho? Umsebenzi obalulekile yaso sonke isintu - ukuze ufunde ukuthi kahle ukusebenzisa lokho imvelo kusinika.