McGurk umphumela: kungani amehlo akho kungathinta lokho okuzwayo?

Uma bheka kabi awakholelwa ifilimu angaphandle, kulula kakhulu ukubona ukuthi imisindo ukuthi sasikhipha emilonyeni nabalingisi musa uqondane lip yabo ukunyakaza.

Ngamanye amazwi, ngisho nalapho amehlo nezindlebe zethu inkanuko ngesikhathi esifanayo ngesikhathi ifilimu, ubuchopho bethu kumele enze umsebenzi omuhle ngempela, benaka afanayo lip ukunyakaza nemisindo.

Uyini umphumela McGurk

Kodwa ingqondo kungabuye bedukiswa. Ngo kohliso ethakazelisayo aziwa ngokuthi McGurk umphumela, okwashiwo abantu lip kungaba ukuphamba ubuchopho ukuzwa umsindo okungalungile.

McGurk umphumela kwenzeka uma kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi inkulumo ezibukwayo, okungukuthi, ukuhamba umlomo kothile nezindebe, futhi ukuzwa amazwi emelelwa umsindo ukuthi umuntu ozwa. Futhi kungaholela bezibona umlayezo ehluke ngokuphelele.

Ucwaningo usebenzisa isibonelo ikhompyutha

Esifundweni entsha, ososayensi bezinzwa kusukela "Baylor" College of Medicine e-Houston baye bazama ukunikeza incazelo ambalwa sezizathu McGurk umphumela. Baye basungula umfuziselo yekhompyutha wakwazi ukubikezela ngokunembile uma umphumela McGurk okufanele nokungafanele zenzeka kubantu, ngokuvumelana Imiphumela esakhishwa ngo-February 16 ephephabhukwini PLOS yezamakhompyutha Biology.

Umthelela ukuboniswa McGurk asetshenziswe cwaningo, abahlanganyeli baxoshwa ngamehlo akho ivaliwe kuyilapho belalele isiqophi libonisa ukuthi umuntu, okwenza kuye umsindo "ba-ba-ba '. Khona-ke, umhlanganyeli wacelwa ukuba uvule amehlo azo futhi sibukisise emlonyeni umuntu kuvidiyo, kodwa akukho umsindo. Umhlanganyeli visual effects sengathi lo muntu wathi "ha-ha-ha." Ngesikhathi esigabeni yokugcina ukuhlola zanyatheliswa ividiyo efanayo, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi umsindo ivuliwe futhi iqembu ukumqhubela ukubukeka. Njengoba ezwela lapho abantu McGurk umphumela babike ukuthi okwesithathu Sebeyizwile umsindo "da-da-da," elalingelona zivumelana noma yiziphi izimpawu sokuzwa noma ezibukwayo, wazibona ngaphambili.

Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ubuchopho sizama ukunquma ukuthi, ngokombono wakhe, umsindo eduze lokho akubonayo ongaboni. Lapho umhlanganyeli evala amehlo akhe futhi, ososayensi baye yakhiqizwa umsindo le video, ethi futhi wezwa original umsindo "ba-ba-ba '.

Umthelela yaqale kuchazwe ukuhlola olwenziwa ngo-1976 ngu sokusebenza kwengqondo uHarry Mc Gurk noJohane MacDonald. Wabonisa ukuthi esizibonayo olunikezwa ukunyakaza emlonyeni, kungaba nomthelela futhi ukuwenza uvumelane indlela umuntu acabanga ukuthi uyayizwa.

Ukubikezela inkohliso

"McGurk umphumela - inamandla, inkohliso multi-sezinzwa - wathi cwaningo co-umlobi uJohn Magnotti, umfundi zobudokotela eMnyangweni neurosurgery e" Baylor ". - Ubuchopho Uyabubona inkulumo sokuzwa nokubukwayo futhi ihlanganisa kubo ukudala into entsha ".

Lapho abantu ukuxhumana ubuso nobuso, ubuchopho bazibandakanya emsebenzini owodwa owenziwe eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba ezama ukwenza konke ukunquma indlela ukuhlanganisa lip motion inkulumo imisindo izwakale, wathi Magnotti.

Ocwaningweni, abacwaningi baye bazama ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ubuchopho uyakwazi okungcono ukubeka ezinye amaqoqo ukuze ahumushe umsindo ozwakala kahle, kodwa ezinye azikwenzi lokho.

isiphetho esiyimbangela

Ukuze uqonde lokhu, bancika umbono imodeli, eyaziwa ngokuthi esiphethweni esiyimbangela, noma inqubo lapho ubuchopho bomuntu enquma ukuthi inkulumo umsindo nokubukwayo umsindo ezivezwa emthonjeni ofanayo. Abanye abacwaningi baye basungula imodeli ukusiza ukubikezela lapho kungavuka McGurk umphumela, kodwa kulolu cwaningo entsha ngowokuqala zihlanganisa ubuhlobo imbangela nemphumela e ukubala kwabo, wathi Magnotti. Kahle e-wabopha ngabhande linye esiyimbangela kungase ukunemba imodeli entsha kuqhathaniswa esedlule, okwakukhona futhi ukubikezela inkohliso.

Ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba imodeli yabo izibikezelo, abacwaningi waqoqa abahlanganyeli 60 futhi wabacela ukuba ulalele ambalwa inkulumo sokuzwa nokubukwayo esuka isikhulumi esisodwa. Khona-ke, abahlanganyeli bacelwa ukuba unqume onjani umsindo ababezizwile :. "Ba," "da" futhi "ga"

Imiphumela ababeziphethe ngayo yayibonisa ukuthi imodeli athuthukile kungaba thembeke ukubikezela uma ababambiqhaza kakhulu ukuhlola kuyovivinya McGurk umphumela. Kodwa, njengoba kulindeleke e ukubala kwabo, kwabonwa kubantu ababengewona singangena kule wabelane Magnotti.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, lapho test efanayo sasiqhutshelwa abafundi e China, hhayi e-United States, liye kungase kutholakale ukuthi umphumela McGurk usebenza kwezinye izilimi.

isicelo Engokoqobo Yezindaba kwikhompyutha onobuhle

Magnotti ukuthi, ngokombono wakhe, imodeli lwe-computer olusungulwe kulolu cwaningo kungaba futhi ukusetshenziswa esiwusizo. Isibonelo, lokhu imodeli angase abe usizo izinkampani ukuthi adale kumakhompyutha lisize ke, njenge-Google Ikhaya noma Amazon Echo.

Uma lobu buchwepheshe baba ngamashumi amakhamera, babekwazi ukuhlanganisa abantu ukunyakaza kwezindebe, bathi, ukuthuthukisa ukunemba yayo izinhlelo.

Imodeli zingase zibasize izingane izimila cochlear, ekuthuthukiseni ukuqonda mshini ngokokukhetha kwabacwaningi njengoba ezibukwayo ithinta lokho ubezwa, wathi Magnotti.